#vocabulary
糖 (táng) — sugar / candy
糖 (táng) 糖 means both sugar as an ingredient and candy or sweets as a treat. Context determines which is meant, though both meanings share the same character. Meanings [noun] Sugar (the ingredient; granulated, white, brown). [noun] Candy; sweets; a piece of sweet confectionery. Example Sentences 这个蛋糕放了太多糖。 Zhège dàngāo fàng le tài duō táng. This cake has too much sugar in it. 小孩子都喜欢吃糖。 Xiǎo háizi dōu xǐhuan chī táng. Children...
借 (jiè) — to borrow / to lend
借 (jiè) A verb that means both "to borrow" (from someone) and "to lend" (to someone), depending on context. Direction is indicated by the surrounding words. Meanings [verb] To borrow (take temporarily from someone). [verb] To lend (give temporarily to someone). Example Sentences 我可以借一下你的笔吗？ Wǒ kěyǐ jiè yīxià nǐ de bǐ ma? May I borrow your pen for a moment? 他向图书馆借了几本书。 Tā xiàng túshūguǎn jiè le jǐ běn shū. He...
这 (zhè) — this
这 (zhè) A demonstrative pronoun and determiner meaning "this," pointing to people or things near the speaker; its counterpart for distant things is 那 (nà, that). Meanings [pronoun] This (used alone as a subject or object). [determiner] This (before a measure word and noun: 这 + measure word + noun). Example Sentences 这是我的书。 Zhè shì wǒ de shū. This is my book. 这个苹果很甜。 Zhège píngguǒ hěn tián. This apple is...
结构 (jiégòu) — structure, composition
结构 (jiégòu) 结构 refers to the internal arrangement, composition, and organization of the components within a whole, applicable to physical objects, organizations, sentences, economies, and abstract systems. Meanings [noun] structure, composition, arrangement (of parts within a whole) [noun] structural framework (architectural, linguistic, social, etc.) Example Sentences 这座建筑的结构设计十分独特，令人印象深刻。 Zhè zuò jiànzhú de jiégòu shèjì shífēn dútè, lìng rén yìnxiàng shēnkè. The structural design of this building is very unique and deeply...
伤心 (shāngxīn) — sad; heartbroken
伤心 (shāngxīn) 伤心 expresses deep sadness or emotional pain, literally "an injured heart." Meanings [adj/verb] sad; heartbroken; to feel grieved or emotionally hurt Example Sentences 她听到这个消息后非常伤心。 Tā tīng dào zhège xiāoxi hòu fēicháng shāngxīn. She was very sad when she heard the news. 不要伤心，事情总会好转的。 Bùyào shāngxīn, shìqing zǒng huì hǎozhuǎn de. Don't be sad, things will always get better. 他为失去那份工作而伤心了很久。 Tā wèi shīqù nà fèn gōngzuò ér shāngxīn le hěn...
可能 (kěnéng) — possible; maybe; likely
可能 (kěnéng) 可能 expresses possibility or probability, functioning as an adjective (possible), adverb (maybe, possibly), or noun (possibility). Meanings [adjective] possible, likely, or probable [adverb] maybe, possibly, or perhaps [noun] possibility or chance Example Sentences 明天可能会下雨，你最好带伞。 Míngtiān kěnéng huì xià yǔ, nǐ zuì hǎo dài sǎn. It might rain tomorrow; you had better bring an umbrella. 这件事很有可能是真的。 Zhè jiàn shì hěn yǒu kěnéng shì zhēn de. This matter is very...
想象 (xiǎngxiàng) — to imagine; imagination
想象 (xiǎngxiàng) 想象 means to imagine or picture something in the mind, and as a noun it means imagination -- the creative faculty of forming mental images. Meanings [verb] to imagine; to picture [noun] imagination Example Sentences 你能想象未来是什么样子吗？ Nǐ néng xiǎngxiàng wèilái shì shénme yàngzi ma? Can you imagine what the future will look like? 他有丰富的想象力。 Tā yǒu fēngfù de xiǎngxiànglì. He has a rich imagination. 这个故事超出了我的想象。 Zhège gùshi chāochūle...
批评 (pīpíng) — to criticize
批评 (pīpíng) 批评 means to criticize or point out faults. It is used by someone in authority (teacher, parent, leader) or in constructive feedback contexts. It implies an identification of what is wrong, not simply a negative opinion. Meanings [verb] To criticize; to point out faults; to reprimand. [noun] Criticism. Example Sentences 老师批评他上课不认真。 Lǎoshī pīpíng tā shàng kè bù rènzhēn. The teacher criticized him for not paying attention in class....
奇怪 (qíguài) — strange
奇怪 (qíguài) 奇怪 describes something that is strange, odd, or unexpected — outside of normal behavior, appearance, or events. It can also express puzzlement at something unusual. Meanings [adjective] Strange; odd; weird; unusual. Example Sentences 这件事很奇怪，我想不明白。 Zhè jiàn shì hěn qíguài, wǒ xiǎng bu míngbái. This thing is very strange; I can't figure it out. 他今天的行为很奇怪。 Tā jīntiān de xíngwéi hěn qíguài. His behavior today is very strange. 奇怪，钥匙怎么不见了？ Qíguài,...
必须 (bìxū) — must
必须 (bìxū) 必须 expresses a strong obligation or necessity. It means "must" or "have to," and is stronger than 应该 (yīnggāi — should). The negative form is 不必 (bùbì — don't need to) rather than 不必须. Meanings [modal verb] Must; have to; it is necessary to. Example Sentences 你必须按时交作业。 Nǐ bìxū ànshí jiāo zuòyè. You must hand in your homework on time. 进入这里必须出示证件。 Jìnrù zhèlǐ bìxū chūshì zhèngjiàn. You must...
格外 (géwài) — especially; particularly; unusually
格外 (géwài) 格外 is an adverb meaning "especially," "particularly," or "unusually," used when something stands out as noticeably beyond the ordinary or expected level. Meanings [adverb] especially; particularly; unusually (indicates a quality is markedly beyond what is normal or expected in the current context) Usage Note 格外 is placed before an adjective or verb and implies a comparison with a baseline. It emphasizes that in this particular situation, the quality...
授权 (shòuquán) — to authorize; authorization
授权 (shòuquán) 授权 means to authorize or grant authority, referring to the act of giving someone official permission or delegating power to act on one's behalf. Meanings [verb] to authorize; to grant permission; to delegate authority [noun] authorization; granted permission Example Sentences 经理授权他处理这个紧急项目。 Jīnglǐ shòuquán tā chǔlǐ zhège jǐnjí xiàngmù. The manager authorized him to handle this urgent project. 没有授权，不能访问这些文件。 Méiyǒu shòuquán, bù néng fǎngwèn zhèxiē wénjiàn. Without authorization, these...
积极 (jījí) — positive; active; enthusiastic
积极 (jījí) 积极 describes a proactive, enthusiastic, or constructive attitude toward something, as well as the positive effect or impact of an action or change. Meanings [adjective] positive; proactive; active; enthusiastic [adjective] constructive; beneficial (referring to effects or influences) Example Sentences 她对新项目表现出极大的积极性，主动承担了很多任务。 Tā duì xīn xiàngmù biǎoxiàn chū jídà de jījíxìng, zhǔdòng chéngdān le hěn duō rènwù. She showed great enthusiasm for the new project and proactively took on many...
公司 (gōngsī) — company
公司 (gōngsī) A noun meaning company, corporation, or firm. It refers to any business organization. The word combines 公 (public, collective) and 司 (manage, oversee). Meanings [noun] Company, corporation, business firm. Example Sentences 他在一家大公司工作。 Tā zài yī jiā dà gōngsī gōngzuò. He works at a large company. 这家公司有五百名员工。 Zhè jiā gōngsī yǒu wǔbǎi míng yuángōng. This company has five hundred employees. 她想开一家自己的公司。 Tā xiǎng kāi yī jiā zìjǐ de gōngsī....
申请 (shēnqǐng) — to apply for; application
申请 (shēnqǐng) 申请 means to formally apply for something such as a job, visa, or admission, or it refers to the application itself as a noun. Meanings [verb] to apply for; to formally request something through an official process [noun] application; a formal request submitted to an authority Example Sentences 我申请了一所美国大学的研究生项目。 Wǒ shēnqǐng le yī suǒ měiguó dàxué de yánjiūshēng xiàngmù. I applied to a graduate program at an American...
政治 (zhèngzhì) — politics, political
政治 (zhèngzhì) The realm of government, governance, and public affairs -- a word that appears constantly in news, history, and social science contexts. Meanings [noun] politics, political affairs [adjective] political (when modifying a noun) Example Sentences 他从小就对政治感兴趣，立志成为一名政治家。 Tā cóngxiǎo jiù duì zhèngzhì gǎn xìngqù, lìzhì chéngwéi yī míng zhèngzhìjiā. He has been interested in politics since childhood and aspires to become a politician. 这次选举结果将对地区政治格局产生深远影响。 Zhè cì xuǎnjǔ jiéguǒ jiāng duì...
探索 (tànsuǒ) — to explore; to probe
探索 (tànsuǒ) 探索 means to explore or probe into the unknown, involving active investigation and discovery, used for both physical exploration and intellectual inquiry. Meanings [verb] to explore; to investigate; to probe; to search for answers Example Sentences 科学家们一直在探索宇宙的奥秘。 Kēxuéjiāmen yīzhí zài tànsuǒ yǔzhòu de àomì. Scientists have been exploring the mysteries of the universe. 她喜欢探索不同的文化和生活方式。 Tā xǐhuān tànsuǒ bùtóng de wénhuà hé shēnghuó fāngshì. She enjoys exploring different cultures...
米饭 (mǐfàn) — cooked rice
米饭 (mǐfàn) Cooked rice, the staple food of Chinese cuisine. 米 refers to uncooked rice grains, and 饭 means cooked food or a meal. Together they specifically mean steamed or boiled rice. Meanings [noun] Cooked rice, steamed rice. The prepared rice served as the main staple of a Chinese meal. Example Sentences 我想吃米饭。 Wǒ xiǎng chī mǐfàn. I want to eat rice. 你吃米饭还是面条？ Nǐ chī mǐfàn háishì miàntiáo? Do you...
程序 (chéngxù) — procedure; program
程序 (chéngxù) 程序 refers to either a formal sequence of steps or procedures that must be followed, or a computer program, making it a versatile term across legal, administrative, and technical contexts. Meanings [noun] procedure; process; formal steps [noun] computer program; software application Example Sentences 申请签证需要按照规定的程序提交相关材料。 Shēnqǐng qiānzhèng xūyào ànzhào guīdìng de chéngxù tíjiāo xiāngguān cáiliào. Applying for a visa requires submitting relevant documents following the prescribed procedures. 这个程序运行时占用大量内存，影响了电脑速度。 Zhège...
汇率 (huìlǜ) — Exchange rate
汇率 (huìlǜ) 汇率 refers to the price of one currency expressed in terms of another currency, which fluctuates based on market forces, government policy, and economic conditions. Meanings [noun] exchange rate; currency exchange rate Example Sentences 今天美元对人民币的汇率是多少？ Jīntiān měiyuán duì rénmínbì de huìlǜ shì duōshao? What is the exchange rate of the US dollar against the Chinese yuan today? 汇率波动对进出口企业的利润有很大影响。 Huìlǜ bōdòng duì jìn chūkǒu qǐyè de lìrùn yǒu hěn...
复杂 (fùzá) — complex; complicated
复杂 (fùzá) 复杂 describes something that has many parts, layers, or factors that make it difficult to understand, analyze, or handle. It can describe situations, problems, systems, relationships, or feelings. Meanings [adjective] Complex; complicated; intricate; involved. Example Sentences 这个案件涉及多方利益，情况十分复杂。 Zhège ànjian shèjí duō fāng lìyì, qíngkuàng shífēn fùzá. This case involves the interests of multiple parties, and the situation is extremely complex. 学习一门语言是一个复杂的过程，需要长期坚持。 Xuéxí yī mén yǔyán shì yīgè fùzá...
质量 (zhìliàng) — quality
质量 (zhìliàng) 质量 refers to the quality or standard of a product, service, or work, and in physics also means mass. Meanings [noun] quality; standard; level of excellence [noun] mass (in physics) Example Sentences 这家工厂生产的产品质量很高。 Zhè jiā gōngchǎng shēngchǎn de chǎnpǐn zhìliàng hěn gāo. The products made by this factory are of very high quality. 我们要提高工作质量，而不仅仅是速度。 Wǒmen yào tígāo gōngzuò zhìliàng, ér bù jǐnjǐn shì sùdù. We need to improve...
准时 (zhǔnshí) — on time; punctual
准时 (zhǔnshí) 准时 means doing something exactly at the scheduled or agreed time, neither early nor late. Meanings [adj/adv] on time; punctual; at the scheduled time Example Sentences 请大家明天八点准时到达。 Qǐng dàjiā míngtiān bā diǎn zhǔnshí dàodá. Please everyone arrive on time at eight o'clock tomorrow. 他每天都准时上班，从不迟到。 Tā měitiān dōu zhǔnshí shàngbān, cóng bù chídào. He arrives at work on time every day and is never late. 火车准时出发，一分钟都没有晚。 Huǒchē zhǔnshí chūfā,...
竞争力 (jìngzhēnglì) — competitiveness
竞争力 (jìngzhēnglì) 竞争力 refers to competitiveness, the ability or strength to compete effectively in a market, workplace, or other competitive environment. Meanings [noun] competitiveness; competitive strength; the capacity to compete effectively Example Sentences 提高产品质量是增强竞争力的关键。 Tígāo chǎnpǐn zhìliàng shì zēngqiáng jìngzhēnglì de guānjiàn. Improving product quality is the key to enhancing competitiveness. 他不断学习新技能，以保持竞争力。 Tā bùduàn xuéxí xīn jìnéng, yǐ bǎochí jìngzhēnglì. He continually learns new skills in order to maintain his...
主权 (zhǔquán) — sovereignty
主权 (zhǔquán) 主权 refers to the supreme authority of a state to govern itself and its territory without external interference, a fundamental concept in international relations and political science. Meanings [noun] sovereignty; sovereign authority (the supreme power of a state over its territory and people) [noun] sovereign rights (in specific domains, e.g., maritime sovereignty) Example Sentences 国家主权是国际关系的基本原则，任何国家都不应干涉他国内政。 Guójiā zhǔquán shì guójì guānxi de jīběn yuánzé, rènhé guójiā dōu bù yīng...
网站 (wǎngzhàn) — website; web page
网站 (wǎngzhàn) 网站 means "website" and refers to a collection of web pages accessible on the internet under a single domain. Meanings [noun] website; web site; online platform Example Sentences 这个网站提供很多免费资料。 Zhège wǎngzhàn tígōng hěn duō miǎnfèi zīliào. This website provides a lot of free materials. 我们公司有一个官方网站。 Wǒmen gōngsī yǒu yīgè guānfāng wǎngzhàn. Our company has an official website. 你可以在这个网站上学习中文。 Nǐ kěyǐ zài zhège wǎngzhàn shàng xuéxí Zhōngwén. You can...
允许 (yǔnxǔ) — to allow
允许 (yǔnxǔ) 允许 means to allow or grant permission. It is used by someone in authority (a teacher, parent, rule, or law) giving or withholding consent for an action. Meanings [verb] To allow; to permit; to give consent. Example Sentences 这里不允许吸烟。 Zhèlǐ bù yǔnxǔ xīyān. Smoking is not allowed here. 老师允许我们带词典进考场。 Lǎoshī yǔnxǔ wǒmen dài cídiǎn jìn kǎochǎng. The teacher allowed us to bring dictionaries into the exam room. 时间允许的话，我们再讨论一下。...
何况 (hékuàng) — let alone; much less; not to mention
何况 (hékuàng) 何况 is a conjunction used to introduce a stronger or more extreme case after establishing a baseline, equivalent to "let alone," "not to mention," or "much less," implying that if one thing is true, an even more obvious case follows. Meanings [conjunction] let alone; much less; not to mention (introduces a stronger case based on a weaker one already stated) [conjunction] all the more so; especially; moreover (introduces...
保证 (bǎozhèng) — to guarantee / to ensure
保证 (bǎozhèng) To make a firm promise or guarantee that something will happen or that something meets a standard. Meanings [verb] To guarantee, to ensure, to promise. [noun] Guarantee, assurance, warranty. Example Sentences 我保证明天准时到达。 Wǒ bǎozhèng míngtiān zhǔnshí dàodá. I guarantee I will arrive on time tomorrow. 这家公司保证产品质量。 Zhè jiā gōngsī bǎozhèng chǎnpǐn zhìliàng. This company guarantees product quality. 你能保证不再迟到吗？ Nǐ néng bǎozhèng bù zài chídào ma? Can you guarantee...
饭馆 (fànguǎn) — restaurant
饭馆 (fànguǎn) A restaurant or eatery where cooked food is served to customers. 饭馆 typically refers to a small to mid-size Chinese restaurant. Meanings [noun] Restaurant, eatery. A place where meals are prepared and served to paying guests. Example Sentences 我们去饭馆吃饭吧。 Wǒmen qù fànguǎn chīfàn ba. Let's go to the restaurant to eat. 这家饭馆的菜很好吃。 Zhè jiā fànguǎn de cài hěn hǎochī. The food at this restaurant is delicious. 饭馆里人很多。 Fànguǎn...
观众 (guānzhòng) — audience; spectators
观众 (guānzhòng) 观众 means "audience" or "spectators" and refers to people who watch a performance, broadcast, sports event, or other public show. Meanings [noun] audience; spectators; viewers Example Sentences 今天晚上的音乐会吸引了很多观众。 Jīntiān wǎnshang de yīnyuèhuì xīyǐn le hěn duō guānzhòng. Tonight's concert attracted a large audience. 观众们热烈鼓掌，表示欢迎。 Guānzhòngmen rèliè gǔzhǎng, biǎoshì huānyíng. The audience applauded warmly to show their welcome. 这个电视节目有几百万观众。 Zhège diànshì jiémù yǒu jǐ bǎi wàn guānzhòng. This TV...
打电话 (dǎ diànhuà) — to make a phone call
打电话 (dǎ diànhuà) 打电话 is a verb-object phrase meaning "to make a phone call." 打 (to hit/do) is used with many communication and activity verbs in Chinese: 打电话 (phone call), 打篮球 (play basketball), 打招呼 (greet). The person you call is introduced with 给 (gěi): 给他打电话 (call him). Meanings [verb phrase] To make a phone call; to call someone. Used for initiating a telephone conversation. Example Sentences 我可以用你的手机打电话吗？ Wǒ kěyǐ yòng...
城市 (chéngshì) — city
城市 (chéngshì) 城市 means city or urban area. It refers to any large, populated settlement with developed infrastructure, as opposed to countryside (农村 nóngcūn). Meanings [noun] City; urban area; town (large). Example Sentences 北京是中国最大的城市之一。 Běijīng shì Zhōngguó zuì dà de chéngshì zhī yī. Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 他从农村来到城市工作。 Tā cóng nóngcūn láidào chéngshì gōngzuò. He came from the countryside to work in the city. 这个城市的交通非常方便。...
偏见 (piānjiàn) — prejudice, bias
偏见 (piānjiàn) 偏见 refers to an irrational or unfair judgment about a person, group, or idea that is formed without adequate knowledge or reason. It is a central concept in discussions of discrimination, fairness, and critical thinking. Overcoming 偏见 is considered essential to building an equitable society. Meanings noun prejudice, bias, preconceived notion, unfair judgment Example Sentences 我们应该努力消除对少数群体的偏见。 Wǒmen yīnggāi nǔlì xiāochú duì shǎoshù qúntǐ de piānjiàn. We should work...
空间 (kōngjiān) — space; room; area
空间 (kōngjiān) 空间 refers to space or room, either physical (as in a room or area) or conceptual (as in space for development or creativity). Meanings [noun] space; room; area; a three-dimensional extent or the conceptual room for something to exist or develop Example Sentences 这个房间的空间很大，住起来很舒适。 Zhège fángjiān de kōngjiān hěn dà, zhù qǐlái hěn shūshì. This room has a lot of space and is very comfortable to live in....
拿 (ná) — to take, to hold, to carry
拿 (ná) 拿 means to take, hold, or carry something with the hand. It implies using your hand to pick up or hold an object. It is a physical, hands-on action. Meanings [verb] To take, to pick up, to hold (with the hand). [verb] To carry, to bring. Example Sentences 你能帮我拿一下这个吗？ Nǐ néng bāng wǒ ná yīxià zhège ma? Can you help me hold this for a moment? 她手里拿着一本书。 Tā...
生气 (shēng qì) — to get angry, angry
生气 (shēng qì) Used as a verb meaning to get angry, or as a predicate adjective meaning to be angry. Often followed by 了 to show the anger has arisen, or used with 别 to tell someone not to be angry. Meanings [verb] To get angry, to become upset. [adj] Angry, upset. Example Sentences 他迟到了，老师很生气。 Tā chídào le, lǎoshī hěn shēng qì. He was late and the teacher was very...
创造力 (chuàngzàolì) — creativity; creative power
创造力 (chuàngzàolì) 创造力 refers to one's creative ability or power, the capacity to produce original ideas, solutions, or works. Meanings [noun] creativity, creative power, or the ability to invent and imagine Example Sentences 孩子们的创造力令人惊叹。 Háizimen de chuàngzàolì lìng rén jīngtàn. Children's creativity is astonishing. 这份工作需要很强的创造力。 Zhè fèn gōngzuò xūyào hěn qiáng de chuàngzàolì. This job requires strong creativity. 良好的教育应该培养学生的创造力。 Liánghǎo de jiàoyù yīnggāi péiyǎng xuéshēng de chuàngzàolì. Good education should...
从 (cóng) — from; since
从 (cóng) 从 marks the starting point of a journey, a period of time, or a sequence of events. It is placed before the starting location or time, and the destination or end point usually follows later in the sentence. Meanings [preposition] From (a place). Marks the point of departure or origin in space. [preposition] From; since (a time). Marks the starting point of a time period. Example Sentences 我从北京来。...
服务 (fúwù) — service; to serve
服务 (fúwù) 服务 refers to the provision of assistance or work done for others, as well as the act of serving. Meanings [noun] Service; assistance provided. [verb] To serve; to provide service to. Example Sentences 这家餐厅的服务非常好。 Zhè jiā cāntīng de fúwù fēicháng hǎo. The service at this restaurant is very good. 我们的目标是为客户提供最好的服务。 Wǒmen de mùbiāo shì wèi kèhù tígōng zuì hǎo de fúwù. Our goal is to provide the best...
换 (huàn) — to exchange
换 (huàn) 换 means to swap, exchange, or replace. It involves a transaction or substitution where one thing takes the place of another — changing money, clothes, seats, or even jobs. Meanings [verb] To change; to exchange; to replace; to swap. Example Sentences 我想换一件衣服。 Wǒ xiǎng huàn yī jiàn yīfu. I want to change my clothes. 能帮我换一下座位吗？ Néng bāng wǒ huàn yīxià zuòwèi ma? Can you help me switch seats?...
研究 (yánjiū) — research; study
研究 (yánjiū) 研究 means to research or study something carefully, or refers to the research or study itself as a noun. Meanings [verb] to research; to study; to investigate carefully [noun] research; a study; careful investigation of a subject Example Sentences 科学家正在研究这种新病毒。 Kēxuéjiā zhèngzài yánjiū zhè zhǒng xīn bìngdú. Scientists are researching this new virus. 她的研究方向是人工智能。 Tā de yánjiū fāngxiàng shì réngōng zhìnéng. Her research direction is artificial intelligence. 这项研究结果对医学有重要意义。...
知道 (zhīdào) — to know
知道 (zhīdào) 知道 is one of the most common verbs in Chinese, meaning to know or be aware of a fact, situation, or piece of information. Meanings [verb] to know, to be aware of, to realize Example Sentences 你知道他住在哪里吗？ Nǐ zhīdào tā zhù zài nǎlǐ ma? Do you know where he lives? 我不知道这件事。 Wǒ bù zhīdào zhè jiàn shì. I don't know about this matter. 她知道自己做错了。 Tā zhīdào zìjǐ zuò...
本 (běn) — measure word for books
本 (běn) A measure word used specifically for books, notebooks, and other bound volumes. 本 also means "root," "origin," or "this" in other contexts, but as a measure word it always refers to bound materials. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for books, notebooks, and bound volumes. [noun] Root, origin, fundamental. Used in other compound words. What 本 counts 本 is used with: 书 (shū): books — 一本书 (one book) 杂志 (zázhì):...
抗体 (kàngtǐ) — antibody
抗体 (kàngtǐ) 抗体 refers to antibodies, which are proteins produced by the immune system in response to foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses, or vaccines, used to identify and neutralize these threats. Meanings [noun] antibody (immunology); protein that fights pathogens Example Sentences 接种疫苗后，人体会产生相应的抗体，从而对该病毒产生免疫力。 Jiēzhòng yìmiáo hòu, réntǐ huì chǎnshēng xiāngyìng de kàngtǐ, cóng ér duì gāi bìngdú chǎnshēng miǎnyì lì. After vaccination, the human body produces corresponding antibodies, thereby developing...
格局 (géjú) — pattern, structure, situation
格局 (géjú) 格局 refers to the overall pattern, configuration, or distribution of elements in a situation — whether geopolitical, social, or spatial. When applied to people, it describes breadth of mind or magnanimity (大格局). It conveys a sense of the grand structure or configuration as seen from a high vantage point. Meanings [n] pattern, configuration, layout (the overall structure of a situation) [n] breadth of vision, magnanimity (a person's scope...
验证 (yànzhèng) — to verify; to validate; verification
验证 (yànzhèng) 验证 means to verify, validate, or confirm the correctness, authenticity, or legitimacy of something through testing, evidence, or official checking, and is essential in scientific, legal, and digital security contexts. Meanings [verb] to verify; to validate; to confirm through evidence or testing [noun] verification; validation; authentication Example Sentences 科学假设必须经过实验验证才能被认可为科学理论。 Kēxué jiǎshè bìxū jīngguò shíyàn yànzhèng cái néng bèi rènkě wéi kēxué lǐlùn. A scientific hypothesis must be verified...
博弈 (bóyì) — game (theory), strategic contest
博弈 (bóyì) 博弈 originally referred to board games like chess and Go, but in modern Chinese it is widely used metaphorically to describe any strategic contest, competition, or interaction where multiple parties make calculated decisions in pursuit of their interests. Meanings [noun] strategic game, contest, game-theoretic interaction [verb] to engage in strategic competition, to play a game of competing interests Example Sentences 中美之间的贸易博弈正在深刻影响全球经济格局。 Zhōng-Měi zhī jiān de màoyì bóyì zhèngzài...
组建 (zǔjiàn) — to establish; to form
组建 (zǔjiàn) 组建 means to form or establish an organised group, team, institution, or structure from scratch. It implies deliberate assembly of people or elements into a new functional unit. Meanings [verb] to form; to establish; to set up; to build (a team, organisation, or structure) Example Sentences 政府决定组建一支专业的应急救援队伍，应对各类自然灾害。 Zhèngfǔ juédìng zǔjiàn yī zhī zhuānyè de yīngjí jiùyuán duìwǔ, yìngduì gè lèi zìrán zāihài. The government decided to form a...
吃 (chī) — to eat
吃 (chī) 吃 is the standard verb for eating. It takes food as its object and appears in some of the most common daily phrases in Chinese. Meanings [verb] To eat, to consume food. Example Sentences 你吃早饭了吗？ Nǐ chī zǎofàn le ma? Have you eaten breakfast? 我想吃饺子。 Wǒ xiǎng chī jiǎozi. I want to eat dumplings. 他每天中午在公司吃饭。 Tā měitiān zhōngwǔ zài gōngsī chīfàn. He eats lunch at the company every...
评估 (pínggū) — to evaluate / assessment
评估 (pínggū) 评估 means to evaluate or assess something, or refers to an evaluation or assessment process. Meanings [verb] to evaluate; to assess; to appraise [noun] evaluation; assessment; appraisal Example Sentences 公司每年对员工进行一次评估。 Gōngsī měi nián duì yuángōng jìnxíng yīcì pínggū. The company conducts an annual evaluation of employees. 我们需要认真评估这个计划的风险。 Wǒmen xūyào rènzhēn pínggū zhège jìhuà de fēngxiǎn. We need to carefully evaluate the risks of this plan. 这次项目评估的结果非常理想。 Zhè cì...
地震 (dìzhèn) — earthquake
地震 (dìzhèn) 地震 is the standard Chinese term for an earthquake -- a sudden shaking of the earth's surface caused by seismic activity -- and is widely used in news, science, and everyday contexts. Meanings [noun] earthquake; seismic event Example Sentences 这次地震造成了严重的人员伤亡和财产损失。 Zhè cì dìzhèn zàochéng le yánzhòng de rényuán shāngyáng hé cáichǎn sǔnshī. This earthquake caused serious casualties and property losses. 气象局测量到这次地震的震级为7.5级。 Qìxiàngjú cèliàng dào zhè cì dìzhèn de...
支持 (zhīchí) — to support; to back up; support
支持 (zhīchí) 支持 means to give active assistance, backing, or resources to someone or a cause, both in interpersonal and institutional contexts. Meanings [verb] To support, to back, to endorse, to stand behind. [noun] Support, backing, endorsement. Example Sentences 她的父母一直全力支持她追求艺术梦想，尽管这条路充满了不确定性。 Tā de fùmǔ yīzhí quánlì zhīchí tā zhuīqiú yìshù mèngxiǎng, jǐnguǎn zhè tiáo lù chōngmǎn le bù quèdìngxìng. Her parents have always fully supported her in pursuing her artistic dream,...
食材 (shícái) — ingredient, foodstuff
食材 (shícái) 食材 refers to the raw ingredients or foodstuffs used in preparing a meal. It is a common word in everyday cooking contexts. Meanings noun ingredient, foodstuff (raw material used in cooking) Example Sentences 新鲜的食材是做好菜的关键。 Xīnxiān de shícái shì zuò hǎo cài de guānjiàn. Fresh ingredients are the key to cooking a good dish. 他去市场买了很多食材。 Tā qù shìchǎng mǎile hěn duō shícái. He went to the market and bought...
因而 (yīn'ér) — and therefore; thus
因而 (yīn'ér) 因而 is a formal causal conjunction meaning "and therefore" or "thus," used to connect a cause with its effect or consequence in written and formal Chinese. Meanings [conjunction] and therefore; thus; and as a result; consequently Example Sentences 这项技术尚不成熟，因而无法大规模推广。 Zhè xiàng jìshù shàng bù chéngshú, yīn'ér wúfǎ dà guīmó tuīguǎng. This technology is not yet mature; therefore, it cannot be promoted on a large scale. 他没有足够的证据，因而败诉。 Tā méiyǒu...
紧张 (jǐnzhāng) — nervous
紧张 (jǐnzhāng) 紧张 means nervous or tense in an emotional sense, but also describes a tight, busy, or strained situation — a shortage of time, resources, or a pressured environment. Meanings [adjective] Nervous; anxious; tense (emotional state). [adjective] Tight; strained; pressed (for time, resources, etc.). Example Sentences 考试前我非常紧张。 Kǎoshì qián wǒ fēicháng jǐnzhāng. I am very nervous before exams. 别紧张，你一定能做好。 Bié jǐnzhāng, nǐ yīdìng néng zuò hǎo. Don't be nervous;...
目的 (mùdì) — purpose
目的 (mùdì) 目的 means purpose, goal, or aim. It refers to the intended result or objective behind an action or plan. Meanings [noun] Purpose; goal; aim; objective; destination. Example Sentences 你来这里的目的是什么？ Nǐ lái zhèlǐ de mùdì shì shénme? What is your purpose in coming here? 我学汉语的目的是为了工作。 Wǒ xué hànyǔ de mùdì shì wèile gōngzuò. My purpose in learning Chinese is for work. 他的目的只有一个，就是赢。 Tā de mùdì zhǐyǒu yīgè, jiùshì yíng....
资产 (zīchǎn) — assets; property
资产 (zīchǎn) 资产 refers to anything of value owned by a person, company, or government -- including financial investments, property, and equipment -- and is a foundational term in economics, accounting, and business journalism. Meanings [noun] assets; property; holdings (financial or physical) Example Sentences 这家公司的总资产超过五百亿元。 Zhè jiā gōngsī de zǒng zīchǎn chāoguò wǔ bǎi yì yuán. The company's total assets exceed 50 billion yuan. 资产与负债的平衡是企业财务管理的核心。 Zīchǎn yǔ fùzhài de pínghéng...
下午 (xiàwǔ) — afternoon
下午 (xiàwǔ) 下午 means afternoon, the period from noon to roughly early evening. 下 means "below/under" and 午 means "noon," so it literally is "after noon." Meanings [noun] Afternoon (approximately 12:00 to 18:00). Example Sentences 下午我去买东西。 Xiàwǔ wǒ qù mǎi dōngxi. In the afternoon I go shopping. 他下午三点来我家。 Tā xiàwǔ sān diǎn lái wǒ jiā. He is coming to my home at three in the afternoon. 今天下午有会议吗？ Jīntiān xiàwǔ yǒu...
表面 (biǎomiàn) — surface; appearance
表面 (biǎomiàn) 表面 refers to the outer surface of a physical object or, metaphorically, the outward appearance of a situation or person, often implying that the reality beneath may differ. Meanings [noun] surface; exterior (of a physical object) [noun] outward appearance; superficial aspect Example Sentences 桌子的表面很光滑。 Zhuōzi de biǎomiàn hěn guānghuá. The surface of the table is very smooth. 不要只看表面，要深入了解问题的本质。 Bùyào zhǐ kàn biǎomiàn, yào shēnrù liǎojiě wèntí de běnzhì....
写完 (xiě wán) — to finish writing
写完 (xiě wán) 写完 is a verb + result complement. 写 means "to write" and 完 is the result complement meaning "finished / done completely." Together they mean writing has been finished to completion — nothing is left undone. The complement 完 can attach to many verbs (做完, 吃完, 看完) to express the same idea of total completion. The negative is 没写完 (didn't finish writing) or 写不完 (can't finish writing)....
方便 (fāngbiàn) — convenient; easy to use
方便 (fāngbiàn) 方便 describes things that are convenient, handy, or easy to do. It can describe locations (交通方便 — convenient transport), actions (这样做比较方便 — this way is more convenient), or be used in polite requests (方便的话… — if it's convenient for you…). Meanings [adj] Convenient; handy — easy to use, access, or do. [adj] Suitable; appropriate — used in polite questions about whether the time is right. Example Sentences 这里交通很方便。...
知识 (zhīshì) — knowledge
知识 (zhīshì) 知识 refers to the body of facts, principles, and understanding gained through experience or education, a fundamental concept in learning, science, and philosophy. Meanings [noun] knowledge; information; learning Example Sentences 掌握扎实的基础知识是进一步深造的前提。 Zhǎngwò zhāshi de jīchǔ zhīshì shì jìnyībù shēnzào de qiántí. Mastering solid foundational knowledge is a prerequisite for further advanced study. 互联网使人们获取知识的方式发生了根本性变化。 Hùliánwǎng shǐ rénmen huòqǔ zhīshì de fāngshì fāshēng le gēnběnxìng biànhuà. The internet has fundamentally...
季节 (jìjié) — season
季节 (jìjié) 季节 means season, referring to one of the four seasons: spring (春天), summer (夏天), autumn (秋天), and winter (冬天). It is used to talk about weather, nature cycles, and activities that belong to a particular time of year. Meanings [noun] Season (one of the four seasons of the year). Example Sentences 你最喜欢哪个季节？ Nǐ zuì xǐhuān nǎ gè jìjié? Which season do you like the most? 秋天是我最喜欢的季节。 Qiūtiān shì...
此外 (cǐ wài) — In addition, besides
此外 (cǐ wài) This conjunction is used to introduce additional points beyond what has already been stated, functioning as a formal connective in written and spoken Chinese. Meanings [conj] in addition; besides; moreover; apart from this Example Sentences 他擅长数学和物理。此外，他还会弹钢琴。 Tā shàncháng shùxué hé wùlǐ. Cǐ wài, tā hái huì tán gāngqín. He is good at math and physics. In addition, he can play the piano. 我们需要更多资金。此外，还需要专业人才。 Wǒmen xūyào gèng duō...
参加 (cānjiā) — Participate
参加 (cānjiā) 参加 means to take part in or join an activity, event, or organization. Meanings [verb] to participate in; to join; to attend; to take part in Example Sentences 我想参加这次国际会议。 Wǒ xiǎng cānjiā zhè cì guójì huìyì. I want to participate in this international conference. 他参加了学校的篮球队。 Tā cānjiāle xuéxiào de lánqiú duì. He joined the school basketball team. 请问，我可以参加你们的活动吗？ Qǐngwèn, wǒ kěyǐ cānjiā nǐmen de huódòng ma? Excuse me,...
传统 (chuántǒng) — tradition; traditional
传统 (chuántǒng) 传统 refers to customs, values, and practices handed down from earlier generations, and describes things that are rooted in such heritage. Meanings [noun] tradition; heritage; custom passed down through generations [adj] traditional; conventional Example Sentences 春节是中国最重要的传统节日。 Chūnjié shì Zhōngguó zuì zhòngyào de chuántǒng jiérì. Spring Festival is the most important traditional holiday in China. 他很尊重家族的传统。 Tā hěn zūnzhòng jiāzú de chuántǒng. He has great respect for his family's...
孕育 (yùnyù) — to nurture; to give rise to
孕育 (yùnyù) To nurture or give rise to something means to create the conditions for it to grow and develop, often used figuratively for ideas, movements, or civilizations. Meanings [verb] to nurture; to breed; to give rise to; to incubate (ideas, culture, life) Example Sentences 这片土地孕育了灿烂的古代文明。 Zhè piàn tǔdì yùnyùle càn làn de gǔdài wénmíng. This land gave rise to a brilliant ancient civilization. 良好的教育环境孕育了无数优秀人才。 Liánghǎo de jiàoyù huánjìng yùnyùle...
早 (zǎo) — early, morning
早 (zǎo) Means early or pertaining to the morning. Used as an adjective describing time, as an adverb modifying a verb, and as an informal morning greeting (早！ = Morning!). The opposite is 晚 (wǎn, late). Meanings [adj] Early, not late. [adv] Early on, long ago already. [greeting] Good morning (short for 早上好). Example Sentences 你今天来得很早。 Nǐ jīntiān lái de hěn zǎo. You arrived very early today. 我早就知道这件事了。 Wǒ zǎo...
复杂化 (fùzáhuà) — to complicate; to become complicated
复杂化 (fùzáhuà) 复杂化 means to make something more complex or to cause a situation to become more complicated, often implying an undesirable increase in difficulty or intricacy. Meanings [verb] to complicate; to make complex; to become more complicated Example Sentences 他的介入反而使局势更加复杂化了。 Tā de jièrù fǎn'ér shǐ júshì gèngjiā fùzáhuà le. His intervention actually made the situation even more complicated. 不必要的繁文缛节只会使事情复杂化。 Bùbìyào de fánwén rùjié zhǐ huì shǐ shìqing fùzáhuà. Unnecessary...
可能 (kěnéng) — possible, maybe
可能 (kěnéng) 可能 expresses possibility. It works as an adverb meaning "maybe" (placed before a verb or adjective) or as an adjective meaning "possible" (used with 有/没有). Both uses are common. Meanings [adverb] Maybe, possibly (modifying a verb or adjective: 可能来 "may come"). [adjective] Possible (used with 有/没有: 有可能 "there is a possibility"). Example Sentences 他可能明天来。 Tā kěnéng míngtiān lái. He may come tomorrow. 这件事有可能发生。 Zhè jiàn shì yǒu kěnéng...
实际 (shíjì) — practical; actual; realistic
实际 (shíjì) 实际 means practical, actual, or realistic, referring to what is real and concrete rather than theoretical or idealistic. As a noun it means "reality" or "actual conditions." It is commonly used to contrast what is ideal with what is actually happening. Meanings [adjective] Practical; actual; realistic; concrete. [noun] Reality; actual conditions; practice. Example Sentences 计划听起来不错，但实际上执行起来面临很多困难。 Jìhuà tīng qǐlái búcuò, dàn shíjì shàng zhíxíng qǐlái miànlín hěn duō kùnnán....
要求 (yāoqiú) — to require; to demand; requirement
要求 (yāoqiú) 要求 covers both the act of demanding or requesting that something be done, and the standard or condition that must be met. Meanings [verb] To require, to demand, to request, to ask (that something be done). [noun] A requirement, a demand, a standard, a condition. Example Sentences 客户对产品质量提出了更高的要求，促使公司不断改进生产工艺。 Kèhù duì chǎnpǐn zhìliàng tíchū le gèng gāo de yāoqiú, cùshǐ gōngsī bùduàn gǎijìn shēngchǎn gōngyì. Customers put forward higher...
应对 (yìngduì) — coping; to cope with
应对 (yìngduì) 应对 means to respond to or deal with a challenge, problem, or difficult situation. It implies an active, strategic response rather than passive acceptance. In psychology, 应对 translates the English term "coping" and refers to the strategies people use to manage stress and adversity. Meanings noun/verb coping, response; to cope with, to deal with, to respond to Example Sentences 她学会了如何应对工作中的压力。 Tā xuéhuì le rúhé yìngduì gōngzuò zhōng de...
普及 (pǔjí) — to popularize, widespread
普及 (pǔjí) To spread something broadly so that it becomes commonly accessible or known -- also describes the state of being widely available throughout a population. Meanings [verb] to popularize, to spread widely, to make universally accessible [adjective] widespread, universal, popular Example Sentences 智能手机的普及改变了人们的日常生活方式。 Zhìnéng shǒujī de pǔjí gǎibiànle rénmen de rìcháng shēnghuó fāngshì. The widespread adoption of smartphones has changed people's daily lifestyles. 政府正在努力普及九年义务教育。 Zhèngfǔ zhèngzài nǔlì pǔjí jiǔnián...
总而言之 (zǒng ér yán zhī) — in summary; in short; to sum up
总而言之 (zǒng ér yán zhī) 总而言之 is a formal discourse marker used to introduce a concluding summary of what has been said, equivalent to "in short," "in summary," or "to sum up" in English. Meanings [discourse marker] in summary; in short; to sum up; all in all Example Sentences 总而言之，这次改革的核心目标是提高教育质量，让每一个学生都能获得公平的机会。 Zǒng ér yán zhī, zhè cì gǎigé de héxīn mùbiāo shì tígāo jiàoyù zhìliàng, ràng měi yī gè xuéshēng dōu...
实施 (shíshī) — to implement; to carry out
实施 (shíshī) To implement or carry out means to put a plan, policy, decision, or law into actual practice or effect. Meanings [verb] to implement; to carry out; to put into effect; to execute (a plan or policy) Example Sentences 新的环保法规将于明年开始实施。 Xīn de huánbǎo fǎguī jiāng yú míngnián kāishǐ shíshī. The new environmental regulations will come into effect next year. 政府决定实施一系列经济刺激措施。 Zhèngfǔ juédìng shíshī yī xìliè jīngjì cìjī cuòshī. The...
外 (wài) — outside, beyond, other
外 (wài) A locative word meaning outside or beyond. Used to indicate physical location (outside a room, building) or figurative scope (beyond that, in addition to). The opposite is 内 (nèi, inside/interior). Meanings [noun/locative] Outside, exterior. [noun] Other, beyond, in addition to. Example Sentences 外面很冷，多穿点衣服。 Wàimiàn hěn lěng, duō chuān diǎn yīfu. It is very cold outside. Wear more clothes. 请在门外等一下。 Qǐng zài mén wài děng yīxià. Please wait outside...
根据 (gēnjù) — based on
根据 (gēnjù) 根据 introduces the source, evidence, or basis for a statement or action. It means "based on" or "according to," and is used to justify conclusions, rules, or decisions. Meanings [preposition] Based on; according to; in light of. [noun] Basis; grounds; evidence. Example Sentences 根据天气预报，明天会下雨。 Gēnjù tiānqì yùbào, míngtiān huì xià yǔ. According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow. 根据规定，不能在这里停车。 Gēnjù guīdìng, bù néng zài zhèlǐ tíngchē....
努力 (nǔlì) — to work hard / effort / diligent
努力 (nǔlì) To exert great effort toward a goal; also used as an adjective to describe a hard-working person and as a noun meaning "effort." Meanings [verb] To work hard, to make an effort, to strive. [adjective] Hard-working, diligent, industrious. [noun] Effort, hard work. Example Sentences 他很努力，每天都学习到很晚。 Tā hěn nǔlì, měitiān dōu xuéxí dào hěn wǎn. He is very hard-working and studies until very late every day. 只要努力，就一定能成功。 Zhǐyào nǔlì,...
司法 (sīfǎ) — judicial; justice system
司法 (sīfǎ) 司法 refers to the judicial branch of government and the administration of justice, encompassing courts, judges, and the legal processes by which law is applied. Meanings [noun] the judiciary; the judicial system; administration of justice [adjective] judicial; pertaining to the justice system Example Sentences 司法独立是法治社会的基本原则。 Sīfǎ dúlì shì fǎzhì shèhuì de jīběn yuánzé. Judicial independence is a fundamental principle of a law-governed society. 他因为腐败行为而受到了司法调查。 Tā yīnwèi fǔbài xíngwéi...
编程 (biānchéng) — programming; to write code
编程 (biānchéng) 编程 means computer programming -- the activity of writing instructions for a computer to execute. It is the standard Chinese term used in education, technology, and digital literacy contexts. Meanings [verb] to program; to write code; to do programming [noun] programming; coding Example Sentences 越来越多的中小学将编程课程纳入必修课，培养学生的计算思维。 Yuè lái yuè duō de zhōngxiǎoxué jiāng biānchéng kèchéng nàrù bìxiū kè, péiyǎng xuéshēng de jìsuàn sīwéi. More and more primary and secondary...
您 (nín) — you (formal)
您 (nín) The formal, polite form of "you," used when addressing elders, teachers, customers, or anyone deserving extra respect; it always stays singular and has no plural form. Meanings [pronoun] You (formal/respectful singular). Example Sentences 您好，请问您贵姓？ Nín hǎo, qǐngwèn nín guìxìng? Hello, may I ask your surname? 老师，您辛苦了。 Lǎoshī, nín xīnkǔ le. Teacher, you have worked hard. 您请坐。 Nín qǐng zuò. Please have a seat. 感谢您的帮助。 Gǎnxiè nín de bāngzhù....
引领 (yǐnlǐng) — to lead; to pioneer; to show the way
引领 (yǐnlǐng) To lead or pioneer means to go ahead and show the way, inspiring or guiding others to follow, often used for innovation, trends, or social progress. Meanings [verb] to lead; to pioneer; to guide forward; to show the way; to set the trend for Example Sentences 中国正在努力引领全球新能源技术的发展。 Zhōngguó zhèngzài nǔlì yǐnlǐng quánqiú xīn néngyyuán jìshù de fāzhǎn. China is working hard to lead the development of global new...
股东 (gǔdōng) — shareholder; stockholder
股东 (gǔdōng) 股东 refers to a person or entity that holds shares in a company, giving them partial ownership and certain rights such as voting on company decisions and receiving dividends. It is the standard business and legal term for shareholder. Meanings [noun] shareholder; stockholder; equity holder Example Sentences 公司的重大决策需要经过股东大会的审议和批准。 Gōngsī de zhòngdà juécè xūyào jīngguò gǔdōng dàhuì de shěnyì hé pīzhǔn. Major decisions of a company need to be...
演化 (yǎnhuà) — to evolve (biologically), to develop
演化 (yǎnhuà) 演化 refers primarily to biological evolution or the natural developmental processes by which organisms or systems change over long periods, and is the standard term for Darwinian evolution in Chinese scientific discourse. Meanings [verb] to evolve (biologically), to develop naturally over time [noun] (biological) evolution, natural development Example Sentences 人类是由古猿演化而来的。 Rénlèi shì yóu gǔyuán yǎnhuà ér lái de. Humans evolved from ancient apes. 生物的演化是一个漫长而复杂的过程。 Shēngwù de yǎnhuà shì...
篇 (piān) — piece of writing; article (measure word)
篇 (piān) 篇 is the measure word for complete pieces of written work: articles, essays, compositions, reports, and chapters. Use it when the writing is a whole, finished piece rather than a fragment. It is the right choice for 作文 (composition), 文章 (article), 日记 (diary entry), and 报告 (report). Meanings [mw] Piece; article — counts a complete written or composed work. [mw] Essay; composition — specifically for student writing or...
导游 (dǎoyóu) — tour guide
导游 (dǎoyóu) 导游 means tour guide. It refers to a person whose job is to lead tourists and explain sites of interest. It can also function as a verb meaning to guide tourists, though the noun use is far more common at this level. Meanings [noun] Tour guide; a person who leads and informs tourists. Example Sentences 我们的导游说话很有趣。 Wǒmen de dǎoyóu shuōhuà hěn yǒuqù. Our tour guide is very interesting...
个 (gè) — general measure word
个 (gè) The most common and versatile measure word in Chinese. 个 is used as a general classifier for people and a wide variety of objects. When unsure which measure word to use, 个 is often the safest default, though using the correct specific measure word is more natural. Meanings [measure word] General classifier. Used with people, round or general objects, and many abstract concepts. What 个 counts 个 is...
平均 (píngjūn) — average; equal; per capita
平均 (píngjūn) 平均 refers to an equal distribution or the mathematical average of a set of values. Meanings [adj/noun/verb] average; equal; per capita; to distribute evenly; the mean Example Sentences 这个班同学的平均年龄是十七岁。 Zhège bān tóngxué de píngjūn niánlíng shì shíqī suì. The average age of students in this class is seventeen. 我每天平均睡七个小时。 Wǒ měitiān píngjūn shuì qī gè xiǎoshí. I sleep an average of seven hours every day. 把这些苹果平均分给大家。 Bǎ zhèxiē...
既然 (jìrán) — since; given that; now that
既然 (jìrán) 既然 introduces a premise that both speaker and listener accept as true, then draws a logical conclusion from it, similar to "since" or "now that." Meanings [conjunction] Since; given that; now that (accepts a known fact and derives a conclusion). Example Sentences 既然你已经决定了，就努力去做吧。 Jìrán nǐ yǐjīng juédìng le, jiù nǔlì qù zuò ba. Since you have already decided, go ahead and do your best. 既然天气这么好，我们去爬山吧。 Jìrán tiānqì zhème...
据悉 (jùxī) — it is learned that; reportedly; according to sources
据悉 (jùxī) 据悉 is a formal journalistic expression meaning "it is learned that" or "reportedly," used to introduce information obtained from an unspecified source, signaling that the speaker or writer is passing on information without necessarily confirming it personally. Meanings [discourse marker] it is learned that; reportedly; it has been learned that; according to sources Example Sentences 据悉，该公司计划在年底前完成新工厂的建设，届时将新增两千个就业岗位。 Jùxī, gāi gōngsī jìhuà zài niándǐ qián wánchéng xīn gōngchǎng de jiànshè,...
开 (kāi) — to open / to turn on
开 (kāi) A versatile verb meaning "to open," "to turn on" (a device or light), and "to drive" (a vehicle). It covers the general idea of activating or opening something. Its antonym is 关 (guān), meaning "to close" or "to turn off." Meanings [verb] To open (a door, window, a book). [verb] To turn on (a light, TV, appliance). [verb] To drive (a car, vehicle). Example Sentences 请开门。 Qǐng kāi...
钥匙 (yàoshi) — key
钥匙 (yàoshi) 钥匙 is the everyday word for a key — the physical object used to lock and unlock doors, cars, cabinets, and so on. The second character 匙 (spoon / key) carries a neutral tone in speech; the full word is pronounced yàoshi. It is also used metaphorically for the "key" to solving a problem. Meanings [noun] Key (for a lock); a physical key. [noun] Key (figurative) — the...
体育 (tǐyù) — sports, physical education
体育 (tǐyù) 体育 refers to physical education as a school subject, as well as sports and athletics in general. It appears in compound words related to sporting events, facilities, and institutions. Meanings n physical education (PE); sports, athletics Example Sentences 我每周有两节体育课。 Wǒ měi zhōu yǒu liǎng jié tǐyù kè. I have two PE classes every week. 体育运动对身体健康非常重要。 Tǐyù yùndòng duì shēntǐ jiànkāng fēicháng zhòngyào. Sports are very important for physical...
机制 (jīzhì) — mechanism, system
机制 (jīzhì) 机制 refers to the underlying mechanism, process, or systemic arrangement by which something operates, emphasizing the functional and dynamic aspect of how a system works. Meanings [noun] mechanism, operational process (of a system or institution) [noun] a systemic arrangement or procedure that produces a particular outcome Example Sentences 科学家仍在探索这种疾病的发病机制。 Kēxuéjiā réng zài tànsuǒ zhè zhǒng jíbìng de fābìng jīzhì. Scientists are still exploring the pathogenesis mechanism of this...
从不 (cóng bù) — never; not ever
从不 (cóng bù) 从不 means "never" in the sense of a consistent habit or character trait — something that has never been done at any time and is simply not part of one's routine or nature. It negates habitual or repeated action, whereas 没有 negates a single completed event. Meanings [adverb] Never; not ever — expresses that something has never happened habitually or as a matter of principle. Pattern Subject...
制度 (zhìdù) — system, institution, rules
制度 (zhìdù) 制度 refers to an established system of rules, regulations, or institutional arrangements that govern behavior or operations within a society, organization, or domain. Meanings [noun] system, institution (of rules and regulations) [noun] institutional arrangement, established practice or rule Example Sentences 完善的社会保障制度是社会稳定的重要基础。 Wánshàn de shèhuì bǎozhàng zhìdù shì shèhuì wěndìng de zhòng yào jīchǔ. A sound social security system is an important foundation for social stability. 这所学校实行严格的考勤制度。 Zhè suǒ...
收购 (shōugòu) — to acquire, acquisition
收购 (shōugòu) Used in business and agriculture to describe the purchase of a company, brand, or large batch of goods, often implying a transfer of ownership or control. Meanings [verb] to acquire, to buy out, to purchase in bulk [noun] acquisition, takeover Example Sentences 这家科技公司宣布收购一家人工智能初创企业。 Zhè jiā kējì gōngsī xuānbù shōugòu yī jiā réngōng zhìnéng chūchuàng qǐyè. The tech company announced the acquisition of an artificial intelligence startup. 农业合作社负责收购农民的粮食。 Nóngyè...
批准 (pīzhǔn) — to approve; to authorize
批准 (pīzhǔn) 批准 means to officially approve or authorize something -- granting formal permission or endorsement, typically by a person in authority. Meanings [verb] to approve; to authorize; to sanction; to ratify Example Sentences 经理批准了我的请假申请。 Jǐnglǐ pīzhǔnle wǒ de qǐngjià shēnqǐng. The manager approved my leave application. 这个项目已经得到了政府的批准。 Zhège xiàngmù yǐjīng dédàole zhèngfǔ de pīzhǔn. This project has already received government approval. 他的申请被批准了。 Tā de shēnqǐng bèi pīzhǔn le. His...
碳排放 (tàn páifàng) — carbon emissions
碳排放 (tàn páifàng) 碳排放 refers to the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere as a result of human activities such as burning fossil fuels, industrial production, and deforestation. Meanings [noun] carbon emissions; greenhouse gas emissions Example Sentences 全球碳排放量持续增加是气候变化的主要原因之一。 Quánqiú tàn páifàng liàng chíxù zēngjiā shì qìhòu biànhuà de zhǔyào yuányīn zhī yī. The continued increase in global carbon emissions is one of the main causes...
趋势 (qūshì) — trend, tendency
趋势 (qūshì) 趋势 refers to the observable direction or tendency of development over time, indicating where things are heading based on current patterns. Meanings [noun] trend, tendency, direction of development [noun] momentum, trajectory (of events or changes) Example Sentences 全球化是当今世界经济发展的主要趋势之一。 Quánqiú huà shì dāngjīn shìjiè jīngjì fāzhǎn de zhǔyào qūshì zhī yī. Globalization is one of the main trends in today's world economic development. 从目前的数据来看，这一行业呈现出明显的上升趋势。 Cóng mùqián de shùjù lái...
客观 (kèguān) — objective; impartial
客观 (kèguān) Objectivity means being based on facts and evidence rather than personal feelings, biases, or opinions, and is highly valued in academic, journalistic, and scientific contexts. Meanings [adjective] objective; impartial; unbiased; based on external facts [adverb] objectively; impartially Example Sentences 作为裁判，他必须保持客观公正的态度。 Zuòwéi cáipàn, tā bìxū bǎochí kèguān gōngzhèng de tàidù. As a referee, he must maintain an objective and impartial attitude. 我们应该客观地评估这项政策的效果。 Wǒmen yīnggāi kèguān de pínggū zhè xiàng...
懒惰 (lǎnduò) — lazy
懒惰 (lǎnduò) 懒惰 describes someone who is lazy or unwilling to work and make effort -- a negative character trait involving a lack of energy or motivation. Meanings [adjective] lazy; indolent; idle Example Sentences 他太懒惰了，什么事都不想做。 Tā tài lǎnduò le, shénme shì dōu bù xiǎng zuò. He is too lazy; he doesn't want to do anything. 懒惰是成功的最大敌人。 Lǎnduò shì chénggōng de zuìdà dírén. Laziness is the greatest enemy of success. 不要让懒惰影响你的学习。...
前沿 (qiányán) — frontier, cutting edge
前沿 (qiányán) 前沿 literally means "front edge" and is used both in military contexts (front line) and, more commonly in modern usage, to describe the cutting edge or forefront of a field of knowledge, technology, or culture. It conveys a sense of being at the most advanced, uncharted territory of a discipline. Meanings [n] frontier, cutting edge, forefront (of a field or discipline) [n] front line, forward position (military) Example...
融资 (róngzī) — to raise funds; financing
融资 (róngzī) 融资 refers to the process of raising or obtaining capital, and is a cornerstone term in Chinese business, finance, and start-up culture. Meanings [verb] to raise funds; to finance [noun] financing; fund-raising Example Sentences 这家初创公司成功融资一亿元。 Zhè jiā chūchuàng gōngsī chénggōng róngzī yī yì yuán. This start-up successfully raised 100 million yuan in financing. 融资渠道多元化对企业发展很重要。 Róngzī qúdào duōyuánhuà duì qǐyè fāzhǎn hěn zhòngyào. Diversifying financing channels is important for...
急迫 (jípò) — urgent; pressing; hurried
急迫 (jípò) 急迫 describes a situation or manner that is urgent and pressing, requiring immediate attention or action, often carrying a sense of anxiety or impatience alongside the urgency. Meanings [adjective] urgent; pressing; critical (of a situation demanding immediate action) [adjective] hurried; anxious; impatient (of a person's manner or emotion) Example Sentences 灾区的救援工作形势十分急迫，政府已紧急调拨物资支援当地民众。 Zāiqū de jiùyuán gōngzuò xíngshì shífēn jípò, zhèngfǔ yǐ jǐnjí diàobō wùzī zhīyuán dāngdì mínzhòng. The rescue...
台风 (táifēng) — typhoon
台风 (táifēng) 台风 is the Chinese term for a typhoon, a tropical cyclone that forms in the western Pacific Ocean and frequently affects coastal regions of East and Southeast Asia. Meanings [noun] typhoon; tropical cyclone (a severe tropical storm in the western Pacific) Example Sentences 今年夏天，一场强烈的台风袭击了沿海城市。 Jīnnián xiàtiān, yī chǎng qiángliè de táifēng xíjī le yánhǎi chéngshì. This summer, a powerful typhoon struck the coastal cities. 气象部门预测台风将于明天登陆。 Qìxiàng bùmén yùcè...
但是 (dànshì) — but; however
但是 (dànshì) 但是 is a conjunction meaning "but" or "however." It introduces a contrasting idea that counters or qualifies what was just said. Meanings [conjunction] But; however; yet (expressing contrast or contradiction between two clauses). Example Sentences 这件衣服很漂亮，但是太贵了。 Zhè jiàn yīfu hěn piàoliang, dànshì tài guì le. This dress is very pretty, but it is too expensive. 他很聪明，但是不努力。 Tā hěn cōngmíng, dànshì bù nǔlì. He is very intelligent, but he...
爱好 (àihào) — hobby; interest
爱好 (àihào) 爱好 refers to a personal hobby or interest, something you enjoy doing in your spare time. Meanings [noun] a hobby or interest that someone enjoys [verb] to love; to be fond of something Example Sentences 我的爱好是画画和读书。 Wǒ de àihào shì huà huà hé dú shū. My hobbies are painting and reading. 你有什么爱好？ Nǐ yǒu shénme àihào? What hobbies do you have? 他非常爱好音乐，每天都练习钢琴。 Tā fēicháng àihào yīnyuè, měitiān dōu...
证明 (zhèngmíng) — to prove / proof
证明 (zhèngmíng) 证明 functions as both a verb and a noun. As a verb it means to prove or demonstrate that something is true. As a noun it refers to a certificate, letter of proof, or other official document that verifies a fact. Meanings [verb] To prove; to demonstrate; to show evidence that something is true. [noun] Proof; certificate; verification document. Example Sentences 你能证明你当时在家吗？ Nǐ néng zhèngmíng nǐ dāngshí zài...
按时 (ànshí) — on time; punctually
按时 (ànshí) 按时 means on time or punctually, describing the act of doing something at the scheduled, agreed-upon, or required time without being late. Meanings [adverb] on time; punctually; at the appointed time Example Sentences 请按时提交作业，不要迟交。 Qǐng ànshí tíjiāo zuòyè, bùyào chí jiāo. Please submit your homework on time; do not hand it in late. 他每天按时去上班，从不迟到。 Tā měitiān ànshí qù shàngbān, cóng bù chídào. He goes to work on time...
智能化 (zhìnénghuà) — intelligentization, to make smart
智能化 (zhìnénghuà) The transformation of systems, devices, or processes through the integration of artificial intelligence and smart technology -- making them capable of autonomous decision-making and learning. Meanings [verb] to make smart/intelligent, to automate with AI [noun] intelligentization, smart transformation Example Sentences 工厂正在推进生产流程的智能化改造。 Gōngchǎng zhèngzài tuījìn shēngchǎn liúchéng de zhìnénghuà gǎizào. The factory is pushing forward smart transformation of its production processes. 智能化家居让人们的生活更加便捷舒适。 Zhìnénghuà jiājū ràng rénmen de shēnghuó gèngjiā...
病人 (bìngrén) — patient, sick person
病人 (bìngrén) 病人 refers to someone who is sick or who is receiving medical care. It is one of the most common words in medical contexts and is used in both formal and everyday speech. Meanings [noun] patient; a sick person receiving or needing medical treatment Example Sentences 医院里有很多病人在等待治疗。 Yīyuàn lǐ yǒu hěn duō bìngrén zài děngdài zhìliáo. There are many patients in the hospital waiting for treatment. 护士每天要照顾几十个病人。 Hùshi...
完善 (wánshàn) — to improve; perfect; well-rounded
完善 (wánshàn) To perfect or improve something means to make it more complete, thorough, and free of flaws, often referring to systems, policies, or mechanisms. Meanings [verb] to improve; to perfect; to refine; to make more complete [adjective] perfect; well-rounded; comprehensive; fully developed Example Sentences 政府致力于完善社会保障体系。 Zhèngfǔ zhìlì yú wánshàn shèhuì bǎozhàng tǐxì. The government is committed to improving the social security system. 公司需要不断完善内部管理制度。 Gōngsī xūyào bùduàn wánshàn nèibù guǎnlǐ...
大概 (dàgài) — approximately
大概 (dàgài) 大概 means approximately, roughly, or probably. It signals that the speaker is estimating rather than giving a precise figure, and can also express probability about a future event. Meanings [adverb] Approximately; roughly; about; around. [adverb] Probably; most likely. Example Sentences 我大概明天下午到。 Wǒ dàgài míngtiān xiàwǔ dào. I'll probably arrive tomorrow afternoon. 这里大概有两百个人。 Zhèlǐ dàgài yǒu liǎngbǎi gè rén. There are approximately two hundred people here. 他大概是生病了，所以没来。 Tā dàgài...
公斤 (gōngjīn) — kilogram
公斤 (gōngjīn) 公斤 is the standard Chinese term for kilogram, the metric unit of mass. 公 indicates "metric/official" (from 公制, the metric system) and 斤 is the traditional Chinese unit of weight (approximately 500 grams). So 公斤 is literally "official jin," standardized to 1,000 grams. Meanings [measure word/noun] Kilogram (kg). Used to measure weight in the metric system. Example Sentences 这个西瓜有五公斤。 Zhège xīguā yǒu wǔ gōngjīn. This watermelon weighs five...
药物 (yàowù) — medicine; drug
药物 (yàowù) 药物 is the formal, technical term for a drug or pharmaceutical substance used to treat, prevent, or diagnose illness. It covers both prescription medicines and more general pharmaceutical compounds. Meanings [noun] medicine; drug; pharmaceutical substance; medication Example Sentences 这种新型药物在临床试验中表现出对癌细胞的显著抑制作用。 Zhè zhǒng xīn xíng yàowù zài línchuáng shìyàn zhōng biǎoxiàn chū duì ái xìbāo de xiǎnzhù yìzhì zuòyòng. This new drug showed a significant inhibitory effect on cancer cells...
协调 (xiétiáo) — to coordinate, harmonious
协调 (xiétiáo) 协调 means to bring different elements, parties, or functions into alignment so they work together smoothly, or to describe a state where things are well-balanced and harmonious. Meanings [verb] to coordinate, to harmonize, to bring into alignment [adjective] coordinated, harmonious, well-proportioned Example Sentences 项目经理的主要职责之一是协调各部门之间的工作。 Xiàngmù jīnglǐ de zhǔyào zhízé zhī yī shì xiétiáo gè bùmén zhī jiān de gōngzuò. One of the main responsibilities of a project manager...
独特 (dútè) — Unique, distinctive, original
独特 (dútè) 独特 means unique or distinctive -- having qualities, styles, or characteristics that are one-of-a-kind and belong only to that person, thing, or work. It carries a positive connotation. Meanings [adj] unique; distinctive; original; one-of-a-kind Example Sentences 这位艺术家以其独特的风格在国际艺坛赢得了广泛认可。 Zhè wèi yìshùjiā yǐ qí dútè de fēnggé zài guójì yìtán yíngdéle guǎngfàn rènkě. This artist has gained wide international recognition for his unique style. 中国饮食文化具有独特的魅力，吸引着世界各地的人们。 Zhōngguó yǐnshí wénhuà jùyǒu dútè...
监督机制 (jiāndū jīzhì) — oversight mechanism; supervisory mechanism
监督机制 (jiāndū jīzhì) 监督机制 refers to a formal institutional structure designed to ensure accountability, transparency, and proper conduct in organizations or governance systems. Meanings [noun] oversight mechanism; supervisory mechanism; accountability system Example Sentences 有效的监督机制是防止腐败的重要保障。 Yǒuxiào de jiāndū jīzhì shì fángzhǐ fǔbài de zhòngyào bǎozhàng. An effective oversight mechanism is an important safeguard against corruption. 公司建立了完善的内部监督机制来规范员工行为。 Gōngsī jiànlì le wánshàn de nèibù jiāndū jīzhì lái guīfàn yuángōng xíngwéi. The company has...
问题 (wèntí) — problem; question; issue
问题 (wèntí) 问题 covers both a question asked to seek information and a problem or issue that needs to be resolved, making it one of the most frequently used nouns in Chinese. Meanings [noun] Problem; issue; matter that needs resolving. [noun] Question (asked to obtain information or in a test). Example Sentences 这台电脑出了问题，无法正常运行。 Zhè tái diànnǎo chū le wèntí, wúfǎ zhèngcháng yùnxíng. This computer has a problem and cannot run...
尽管 (jǐnguǎn) — although; despite; even though
尽管 (jǐnguǎn) 尽管 is a conjunction that introduces a concessive clause, acknowledging a fact or obstacle while stating that it does not prevent the outcome in the main clause. Meanings [conjunction] although; despite; even though (used to introduce a concessive condition that does not change the result) Usage Note 尽管 introduces the subordinate (concessive) clause, and the main clause often uses 还是 (háishi, still), 仍然 (réngrán, still), 却 (què, but/yet),...
打 (dǎ) — to hit / to strike (versatile action verb)
打 (dǎ) A highly productive verb whose core meaning is "to strike" or "to hit." From this core sense, 打 extends to many everyday actions: making a phone call (打电话), playing ball sports (打球), fighting (打人), and more. Whenever an action involves a striking, hitting, or forceful contact motion, 打 is often the right verb. Meanings [verb] To hit, to strike, to beat. [verb] To play (ball sports that involve...
唱 (chàng) — to sing
唱 (chàng) A verb meaning "to sing." It describes using the voice to produce musical sound, whether in a song, at karaoke, or in a performance. In Chinese culture, karaoke (K歌) is hugely popular, making 唱歌 an everyday phrase. Meanings [verb] To sing (a song, a melody). Example Sentences 她唱歌唱得很好听。 Tā chànggē chàng de hěn hǎotīng. She sings beautifully. 我们一起去唱歌吧！ Wǒmen yīqǐ qù chànggē ba! Let's go sing together! 孩子在唱一首儿歌。...
希望 (xīwàng) — to hope, hope
希望 (xīwàng) Expresses a desire for something desirable but uncertain, similar to "I hope that..." Key contrast: 希望 is used for things you hope may happen (uncertain outcome), while 想 expresses wanting something or missing someone. Meanings [verb] To hope (that something will happen). [noun] Hope, aspiration. Example Sentences 我希望你一切都好。 Wǒ xīwàng nǐ yīqiè dōu hǎo. I hope everything is going well for you. 她希望明年去中国留学。 Tā xīwàng míngnián qù Zhōngguó...
声明 (shēngmíng) — to declare; to state; declaration
声明 (shēngmíng) 声明 refers to a formal declaration or statement, used both as a verb (to declare) and a noun (a declaration or announcement). Meanings [verb] to declare; to state formally; to announce [noun] a declaration; a formal statement Example Sentences 政府发表了一份正式声明。 Zhèngfǔ fābiǎole yī fèn zhèngshì shēngmíng. The government issued a formal declaration. 他声明自己对这件事一无所知。 Tā shēngmíng zìjǐ duì zhè jiàn shì yī wú suǒ zhī. He declared that he...
消费 (xiāofèi) — Consume, consumption
消费 (xiāofèi) 消费 refers to the use of goods, services, or resources, especially in an economic context where money is spent. It is a key concept in economics and daily life. Meanings [verb] to consume; to spend money on goods or services [noun] consumption; consumer spending Example Sentences 国内消费的增长对经济发展起着重要作用。 Guónèi xiāofèi de zēngzhǎng duì jīngjì fāzhǎn qǐzhe zhòngyào zuòyòng. The growth of domestic consumption plays an important role in economic...
画 (huà) — to draw, to paint; a painting
画 (huà) 画 means to draw or paint as a verb, and a drawing or painting as a noun. It covers any act of making visual art with lines or color. Meanings [verb] To draw, to paint. [noun] A picture, a painting. Example Sentences 她喜欢画画。 Tā xǐhuān huà huà. She likes drawing. (The first 画 is the verb, the second is the noun.) 他画了一幅山水画。 Tā huà le yī fú shānshuǐ...
甜 (tián) — sweet
甜 (tián) 甜 describes a sweet taste, like that of sugar, honey, or ripe fruit. It is also used figuratively to describe pleasant or happy feelings, such as a "sweet smile" or "sweet words." Meanings adjective sweet (having a pleasant sugary taste; also pleasant or happy in a figurative sense) Example Sentences 这个西瓜很甜。 Zhège xīguā hěn tián. This watermelon is very sweet. 她笑得很甜。 Tā xiào de hěn tián. She has...
仔细 (zǐxì) — Careful / attentive
仔细 (zǐxì) 仔细 means to be careful, attentive, and thorough — paying close attention to details when doing something. Meanings [adjective] careful, meticulous, attentive [adverb] carefully, attentively (modifying a verb) Example Sentences 请仔细阅读说明书，再开始操作。 Qǐng zǐxì yuèdú shuōmíngshū, zài kāishǐ cāozuò. Please read the instructions carefully before starting to operate. 她是一个非常仔细的人，工作很少出错。 Tā shì yīgè fēicháng zǐxì de rén, gōngzuò hěn shǎo chūcuò. She is a very careful person; she rarely makes...
体制 (tǐzhì) — system, institutional structure
体制 (tǐzhì) 体制 refers to the overarching institutional structure or organizational system, especially in the context of government, political, or large-scale social organization, often implying the fundamental framework within which institutions operate. Meanings [noun] system, institutional structure (especially political or administrative) [noun] system of organization or governance at a macro level Example Sentences 改革开放以来，中国的经济体制发生了根本性变化。 Gǎigé kāifàng yǐlái, Zhōngguó de jīngjì tǐzhì fāshēng le gēnběn xìng biànhuà. Since reform and opening...
依据 (yījù) — basis; according to; based on
依据 (yījù) 依据 means the basis, grounds, or evidence on which something is based, and as a preposition it means "according to" or "based on," commonly used in legal, academic, and formal contexts. Meanings [noun] basis; grounds; evidence; justification (the foundation or reason for something) [preposition] according to; based on; in accordance with Example Sentences 法院依据现有证据作出了有罪判决，被告对此提出了上诉。 Fǎyuàn yījù xiànyǒu zhèngjù zuòchūle yǒuzuì pànjué, bèigào duì cǐ tíchūle shàngsù. The court...
区域 (qūyù) — area; zone; region
区域 (qūyù) 区域 refers to a defined area, zone, or region, which can be geographical, administrative, or functional in nature. Meanings [noun] an area, zone, or defined region of space or territory Example Sentences 这个区域的气候非常温暖。 Zhège qūyù de qìhòu fēicháng wēnnuǎn. The climate in this area is very warm. 公司在不同区域设立了办事处。 Gōngsī zài bùtóng qūyù shèlì le bànshìchù. The company has set up offices in different regions. 禁止在这个区域内吸烟。 Jìnzhǐ zài zhège...
非常 (fēicháng) — extremely; very
非常 (fēicháng) 非常 is an adverb meaning "extremely" or "exceptionally." It is a stronger intensifier than 很 (very) and is neutral in register — appropriate in both spoken and written Chinese. Meanings [adverb] Extremely; exceptionally; very much so. Example Sentences 她非常聪明。 Tā fēicháng cōngmíng. She is extremely intelligent. 我非常喜欢中国菜。 Wǒ fēicháng xǐhuan Zhōngguó cài. I like Chinese food very much. 这个问题非常重要。 Zhège wèntí fēicháng zhòngyào. This question is extremely important....
气氛 (qìfēn) — atmosphere; ambiance
气氛 (qìfēn) 气氛 refers to the overall mood, atmosphere, or feeling of a place, event, or social situation. Meanings [noun] atmosphere; ambiance; mood; vibe Example Sentences 今晚的聚会气氛很热闹。 Jīn wǎn de jùhuì qìfēn hěn rènào. The atmosphere at tonight's gathering is very lively. 教室里的学习气氛非常好。 Jiàoshì lǐ de xuéxí qìfēn fēicháng hǎo. The study atmosphere in the classroom is very good. 这家咖啡厅的气氛很轻松舒适。 Zhè jiā kāfēitīng de qìfēn hěn qīngsōng shūshì. The atmosphere...
环境保护 (huánjìng bǎohù) — Environmental protection
环境保护 (huánjìng bǎohù) 环境保护 refers to the actions, policies, and practices aimed at protecting the natural environment from degradation and harm caused by human activities. Meanings [noun phrase] environmental protection; conservation of the natural environment Example Sentences 环境保护是全人类共同面临的重大责任。 Huánjìng bǎohù shì quán rénlèi gòngtóng miànlín de zhòngdà zérèn. Environmental protection is a major responsibility shared by all of humanity. 政府出台了一系列法规，以加强环境保护工作。 Zhèngfǔ chūtáile yī xìliè fǎguī, yǐ jiāqiáng huánjìng bǎohù gōngzuò....
十分 (shífēn) — very; extremely; fully; completely
十分 (shífēn) 十分 is an adverb used as an intensifier, meaning "very," "extremely," or "fully," placed before adjectives and some verbs to indicate a high degree. Meanings [adverb] very; extremely; fully; completely (used to intensify adjectives and verbs, indicating a high or full degree) Usage Note 十分 is placed directly before the adjective or verb it modifies. It is interchangeable with 非常 in most cases but often sounds more formal...
掌握 (zhǎngwò) — to master; to grasp; to command
掌握 (zhǎngwò) 掌握 means to master or have thorough command of something, whether a skill, language, knowledge, or situation, implying confident control and deep understanding. Meanings [verb] to master; to grasp; to command; to have control of Example Sentences 他掌握了三门外语，工作非常顺利。 Tā zhǎngwòle sān mén wàiyǔ, gōngzuò fēicháng shùnlì. He has mastered three foreign languages and his work goes very smoothly. 要掌握一项技能，需要大量的练习。 Yào zhǎngwò yī xiàng jìnéng, xūyào dàliàng de liànxí....
现场 (xiànchǎng) — site; scene; on the spot
现场 (xiànchǎng) 现场 refers to the actual scene or site where an event is happening or has happened, often meaning "on the spot" or "live." Meanings [noun] site; scene; the actual location where something is occurring or occurred Example Sentences 警察赶到了案件现场进行调查。 Jǐngchá gǎn dào le ànjiàn xiànchǎng jìnxíng diàochá. The police rushed to the crime scene to investigate. 现场观众对演出反应非常热烈。 Xiànchǎng guānzhòng duì yǎnchū fǎnyìng fēicháng rèliè. The live audience responded...
上升 (shàngshēng) — to rise; to go up; to ascend
上升 (shàngshēng) 上升 describes movement upward in a physical, numerical, or abstract sense, commonly used when talking about prices, temperatures, or rankings rising. Meanings [verb] to rise, go up, or ascend in position, level, or quantity Example Sentences 气温上升了五度。 Qìwēn shàngshēng le wǔ dù. The temperature rose by five degrees. 公司的销售额每年都在上升。 Gōngsī de xiāoshòu'é měi nián dōu zài shàngshēng. The company's sales increase every year. 他的成绩不断上升。 Tā de chéngjì búduàn...
剖析 (pōuxī) — to dissect, to analyze thoroughly
剖析 (pōuxī) 剖析 means to dissect and analyze thoroughly, going beneath the surface to reveal inner structure, causes, or mechanisms. Like a surgeon dissecting a body, 剖析 implies breaking something apart to understand how it works from the inside. It is used for analyzing complex phenomena, social problems, psychological states, or literary works. Meanings [v] to dissect; to analyze thoroughly; to lay bare the inner workings of [v] to examine...
危机 (wēijī) — crisis
危机 (wēijī) 危机 refers to a critical, unstable situation of serious danger or difficulty that demands urgent attention and decisive action, often representing a turning point. Meanings [noun] crisis (a dangerous or critical turning point situation) Example Sentences 2008年的全球金融危机导致许多国家经济陷入衰退。 Èr líng líng bā nián de quánqiú jīnróng wēijī dǎozhì xǔduō guójiā jīngjì xiàn rù shuāituì. The 2008 global financial crisis caused many countries' economies to fall into recession. 面对危机，领导者的决策能力和应对速度至关重要。 Miànduì...
假设 (jiǎshè) — to assume, to hypothesize; hypothesis
假设 (jiǎshè) 假设 means to assume or hypothesize — to posit something as true for the purposes of argument or investigation. As a noun, it means a hypothesis or assumption. It is central to scientific research, philosophical argumentation, and mathematical proof. It implies a provisional claim that needs to be tested or proven rather than a stated fact. Meanings [v] to assume; to suppose; to hypothesize [n] hypothesis; assumption; supposition...
把…V完 (bǎ...V wán) — disposal construction with completion
把…V完 (bǎ...V wán) 把…V完 combines the disposal marker 把 with the result complement 完 (wán, to finish) to express that someone completely used up, finished, or disposed of the object. The focus is on the object being fully dealt with. Structure Subject + 把 + Object + Verb + 完 (+ 了) 了 is often added at the end to mark completion as a past event. Example Sentences 他把作业做完了。 Tā...
不妨 (bùfáng) — might as well, there is no harm in
不妨 (bùfáng) 不妨 is an adverb meaning "there is no harm in (doing something)" or "might as well." It suggests that an action is worth trying, is harmless, or is a reasonable option. It often conveys a tentative suggestion, an open invitation, or a mild recommendation without strong obligation. Meanings [adv] might as well, why not (suggesting an action is worth attempting) [adv] there is no harm in, it would...
大方 (dàfang) — generous; natural and poised
大方 (dàfang) 大方 has two related senses: being generous with money or resources, and behaving in a natural, composed, and graceful manner without shyness. Meanings [adj] generous; open-handed with money or gifts [adj] natural and poised; graceful; composed; not awkward or shy Example Sentences 他非常大方，总是请朋友吃饭。 Tā fēicháng dàfang, zǒng shì qǐng péngyou chīfàn. He is very generous and always treats his friends to meals. 她站在台上举止大方，一点都不紧张。 Tā zhàn zài tái shàng...
严格 (yángé) — strict; rigorous; stern
严格 (yángé) 严格 describes a person, rule, or standard that demands exact and thorough compliance without leniency. Meanings [adjective] Strict; rigorous; stern; demanding. Example Sentences 这所学校的纪律非常严格。 Zhè suǒ xuéxiào de jìlǜ fēicháng yángé. The discipline at this school is very strict. 他对自己的要求很严格。 Tā duì zìjǐ de yāoqiú hěn yángé. He has very strict requirements for himself. 父母严格要求孩子并不是坏事。 Fùmǔ yángé yāoqiú háizi bìng bù shì huàishì. It is not a bad...
过敏 (guòmǐn) — allergy; to be allergic
过敏 (guòmǐn) 过敏 describes an allergic reaction or the state of being allergic to something. It is commonly used in medical consultations and everyday health conversations. Meanings [noun] allergy; an allergic condition [verb] to be allergic; to have an allergic reaction Example Sentences 我对花粉过敏，每年春天都很难受。 Wǒ duì huāfěn guòmǐn, měi nián chūntiān dōu hěn nánshòu. I am allergic to pollen, and every spring is very uncomfortable for me. 他吃了海鲜之后出现了过敏反应。 Tā chī...
吸引 (xīyǐn) — to attract; to draw; to fascinate
吸引 (xīyǐn) 吸引 describes the power to draw someone's attention, interest, or presence toward something, whether physical or psychological. Meanings [verb] To attract, to draw, to fascinate, to captivate. Example Sentences 这座城市丰富的夜生活和多元文化深深吸引了来自世界各地的年轻人。 Zhè zuò chéngshì fēngfù de yèshēnghuó hé duōyuán wénhuà shēnshēn xīyǐn le láizì shìjiè gèdì de niánqīngrén. The city's vibrant nightlife and diverse culture deeply attracted young people from all over the world. 她的演讲极具感染力，吸引了在场所有听众的注意力。 Tā de yǎnjiǎng jí...
交 (jiāo) — to hand over / to submit / to make (friends)
交 (jiāo) A verb meaning to hand over something to someone, to submit work, or to form a relationship such as friendship. Meanings [verb] To hand over, to submit, to deliver. [verb] To make (friends), to establish (a relationship). Example Sentences 请把作业交给老师。 Qǐng bǎ zuòyè jiāo gěi lǎoshī. Please hand the homework to the teacher. 他很容易交到朋友。 Tā hěn róngyì jiāo dào péngyǒu. He makes friends very easily. 你的报告明天要交。 Nǐ de...
大约 (dàyuē) — approximately; about; roughly
大约 (dàyuē) 大约 introduces an approximate number or time, signaling that the figure given is an estimate, not an exact amount. Meanings [adverb] Approximately; about; roughly (indicates an estimate, not an exact figure). Example Sentences 从这里到车站大约需要二十分钟。 Cóng zhèlǐ dào chēzhàn dàyuē xūyào èrshí fēnzhōng. It takes approximately twenty minutes from here to the station. 这本书大约有三百页。 Zhè běn shū dàyuē yǒu sānbǎi yè. This book has about three hundred pages. 他大约下午五点到家。...
比 (bǐ) — than; to compare
比 (bǐ) 比 is the core comparison word in Chinese. The standard structure is A + 比 + B + adjective, meaning "A is more [adjective] than B." A key rule: you cannot add 更 (gèng) or 非常 (fēicháng) after the adjective in the same sentence with 比. Use a specific amount or simply the plain adjective instead. Meanings [preposition] Than. Introduces the second term in a comparison. [verb] To...
结构工程 (jiégòu gōngchéng) — structural engineering
结构工程 (jiégòu gōngchéng) 结构工程 is the branch of civil engineering focused on the analysis, design, and construction of load-bearing structures such as buildings, bridges, dams, and tunnels. Structural engineers ensure that these structures can safely withstand applied forces including gravity, wind, seismic activity, and dynamic loads. Meanings [noun] structural engineering; the engineering discipline concerned with designing structures that safely bear and transfer loads Example Sentences 结构工程师在设计高层建筑时必须充分考虑地震荷载。 Jiégòu gōngchéngshī zài shèjì...
方法 (fāngfǎ) — method; way; approach
方法 (fāngfǎ) 方法 means a method, way, or approach used to accomplish a task or solve a problem. Meanings [noun] method; way; approach; a procedure or technique for achieving a goal Example Sentences 这个方法非常有效。 Zhège fāngfǎ fēicháng yǒuxiào. This method is very effective. 你有没有更好的方法？ Nǐ yǒu méiyǒu gèng hǎo de fāngfǎ? Do you have a better method? 学习语言需要正确的方法。 Xuéxí yǔyán xūyào zhèngquè de fāngfǎ. Learning a language requires the right...
平时 (píngshí) — usually
平时 (píngshí) 平时 refers to ordinary or usual times, as opposed to special occasions or holidays. It means "normally" or "on a typical day," describing habitual behavior during regular periods. Meanings [adverb/noun] Usually; normally; ordinarily; in ordinary times; on a regular day. Example Sentences 平时你几点起床？ Píngshí nǐ jǐ diǎn qǐchuáng? What time do you usually get up? 他平时不喝酒，但是今天喝了一点。 Tā píngshí bù hē jiǔ, dànshì jīntiān hē le yīdiǎn. He doesn't...
形象 (xíngxiàng) — image; figure
形象 (xíngxiàng) 形象 refers to the appearance, image, or impression that a person, organization, or character projects to others. Meanings [noun] image; figure; appearance; impression [adjective] vivid; graphic; lifelike Example Sentences 他注意保持自己的公众形象。 Tā zhùyì bǎochí zìjǐ de gōngzhòng xíngxiàng. He pays attention to maintaining his public image. 这个广告损害了公司的形象。 Zhège guǎnggào sǔnhài le gōngsī de xíngxiàng. This advertisement damaged the company's image. 老师用形象的例子解释了这个难懂的概念。 Lǎoshī yòng xíngxiàng de lìzi jiěshì le zhège...
关系 (guānxi) — relationship / connection / to matter
关系 (guānxi) Refers to the connection or relationship between people or things. Appears in the key phrases 有关系 (to be related/to matter) and 没关系 (it doesn't matter / no problem). Meanings [noun] Relationship, connection, link. [noun/verb phrase] 没关系 — doesn't matter, no problem; 有关系 — related, relevant. Example Sentences 他们两个人的关系很好。 Tāmen liǎng gè rén de guānxi hěn hǎo. The relationship between the two of them is very good. 这件事跟我没有关系。 Zhè...
企业 (qǐyè) — enterprise; company; firm
企业 (qǐyè) 企业 is a formal term for a business enterprise, company, or firm engaged in commercial or industrial activity. Meanings [noun] Enterprise; company; firm; business organization. Example Sentences 这家企业已经有五十年历史了。 Zhè jiā qǐyè yǐjīng yǒu wǔshí nián lìshǐ le. This enterprise has a history of fifty years. 政府鼓励中小企业创新。 Zhèngfǔ gǔlì zhōngxiǎo qǐyè chuàngxīn. The government encourages small and medium-sized enterprises to innovate. 他创办了自己的企业。 Tā chuàngbànle zìjǐ de qǐyè. He founded...
考虑 (kǎolǜ) — to consider
考虑 (kǎolǜ) 考虑 means to consider or think something over carefully. It implies deliberate reflection before making a decision, rather than a quick reaction. Meanings [verb] To consider; to think over; to take into account; to deliberate. Example Sentences 我需要考虑一下这个问题。 Wǒ xūyào kǎolǜ yīxià zhège wèntí. I need to think this problem over for a moment. 他考虑了很久才做出决定。 Tā kǎolǜ le hěn jiǔ cái zuòchū juédìng. He deliberated for a long...
辨别 (biànbié) — to distinguish, to differentiate
辨别 (biànbié) 辨别 means to distinguish or differentiate between things, especially when they appear similar or when careful judgment is required. It implies an active cognitive process of discerning differences in quality, nature, or identity. It is used in both concrete contexts (distinguishing sounds or colors) and abstract ones (distinguishing right from wrong). Meanings [v] to distinguish; to differentiate; to tell apart [v] to discern; to identify through careful observation...
吧 (ba) — suggestion and assumption particle
吧 (ba) 吧 is a sentence-final particle with two main uses: making a soft suggestion ("let's...") and expressing a tentative assumption or seeking confirmation ("I suppose... right?"). Meanings [particle] Suggestion softener: turns a statement into a gentle proposal (let's go, shall we?). [particle] Assumption marker: expresses that the speaker assumes something is true and seeks confirmation. Example Sentences 我们走吧！ Wǒmen zǒu ba! Let's go! 你是学生吧？ Nǐ shì xuésheng ba? You...
好不容易 (hǎo bù róngyì) — finally; with great difficulty; took a lot of effort
好不容易 (hǎo bù róngyì) 好不容易 means "only after great difficulty" or "finally, after a lot of effort." Despite the presence of 不, it is equivalent in meaning to 好容易 — both express that something required tremendous effort. The 好不 is an intensifier pattern (like 好不热闹 = very lively), but idiomatically 好不容易 has become fixed to mean "it was very much not easy." Meanings [adverb] Finally; only after great difficulty; with...
一点儿 (yīdiǎnr) — a little; a bit
一点儿 (yīdiǎnr) 一点儿 means "a little" or "a bit." It softens statements about degree or quantity and is one of the most common hedging expressions in Mandarin. Meanings [adverb] A little; slightly (modifying an adjective or verb to reduce intensity). [noun phrase] A small amount of (before a noun to indicate a small quantity). Example Sentences 我会说一点儿汉语。 Wǒ huì shuō yīdiǎnr Hànyǔ. I can speak a little Chinese. 这个菜有一点儿辣。 Zhège...
困难 (kùnnan) — difficulty / difficult
困难 (kùnnan) 困难 means difficulty or difficult. As a noun it refers to a hardship, obstacle, or problem. As an adjective it describes something as hard or challenging. Note the pronunciation: the second syllable is neutral tone (kùnnan), not kùnnán. Meanings [noun] Difficulty; hardship; obstacle; problem. [adjective] Difficult; hard; challenging. Example Sentences 学中文有困难吗？ Xué Zhōngwén yǒu kùnnan ma? Are there any difficulties in learning Chinese? 遇到困难不要放弃。 Yùdào kùnnan bú yào...
理论 (lǐlùn) — theory
理论 (lǐlùn) 理论 refers to a systematic body of ideas or principles used to explain phenomena or guide practice, encompassing both scientific theory and general theoretical frameworks. Meanings [noun] theory, theoretical framework (organized explanatory principles) [adjective] theoretical (as in 理论上, in theory) Example Sentences 达尔文的进化理论从根本上改变了人类对生命起源的认识。 Dá'ěrwén de jìnhuà lǐlùn cóng gēnběn shàng gǎibiàn le rénlèi duì shēngmìng qǐyuán de rènshi. Darwin's theory of evolution fundamentally changed human understanding of the...
重要 (zhòngyào) — important
重要 (zhòngyào) 重要 is an adjective meaning important or significant. It follows the standard adjective pattern: 很重要 (very important), 不重要 (not important), 最重要 (most important). It can also precede a noun as a modifier: 重要的事情 (an important matter). Meanings [adj] Important; significant — of great value or consequence. [adj] Essential; critical — cannot be overlooked or neglected. Example Sentences 健康比金钱更重要。 Jiànkāng bǐ jīnqián gèng zhòngyào. Health is more important than...
自学 (zìxué) — self-study; to teach oneself
自学 (zìxué) 自学 means to study or learn independently without a teacher or formal instruction. It emphasises self-discipline, initiative, and the ability to acquire knowledge through one's own effort. Meanings [verb] to teach oneself; to study independently; to self-study [noun] self-study; independent learning Example Sentences 他没有接受过正规的音乐教育，完全靠自学成为了一名专业的吉他手。 Tā méiyǒu jiēshòuguò zhèngguī de yīnyuè jiàoyù, wánquán kào zìxué chéngwéile yī míng zhuānyè de jítā shǒu. He received no formal music education and...
进步 (jìnbù) — to make progress; progress; improvement
进步 (jìnbù) 进步 means to move forward and improve, whether in skill, knowledge, or character. Meanings [verb/noun] to make progress; to improve; progress; advancement; improvement Example Sentences 你的中文进步很快，继续加油！ Nǐ de Zhōngwén jìnbù hěn kuài, jìxù jiāyóu! Your Chinese is improving very quickly, keep it up! 每天练习一点，就会慢慢进步。 Měitiān liànxí yīdiǎn, jiù huì mànmàn jìnbù. Practice a little every day and you will gradually improve. 这是他这学期最大的进步。 Zhè shì tā zhè xuéqī zuìdà...
合并 (hébìng) — to merge; to combine
合并 (hébìng) 合并 means to merge or combine two or more things into one, and is used in business, organizational, administrative, and everyday contexts. Meanings [verb] to merge; to combine; to consolidate; to amalgamate Example Sentences 两家公司决定合并，以增强竞争力。 Liǎng jiā gōngsī juédìng hébìng, yǐ zēngqiáng jìngzhēnglì. The two companies decided to merge to enhance their competitiveness. 政府计划将几个小镇合并为一个行政区。 Zhèngfǔ jìhuà jiāng jǐ gè xiǎo zhèn hébìng wéi yī gè xíngzhèng qū. The...
计划 (jìhuà) — plan / to plan
计划 (jìhuà) 计划 means a plan or schedule, and as a verb means to plan or intend to do something. Meanings [noun] plan; program; schedule [verb] to plan; to intend; to schedule Example Sentences 我们需要制定一个详细的计划。 Wǒmen xūyào zhìdìng yīgè xiángxì de jìhuà. We need to make a detailed plan. 她计划明年去留学。 Tā jìhuà míngnián qù liúxué. She plans to study abroad next year. 这个项目的计划已经完成了。 Zhège xiàngmù de jìhuà yǐjīng wánchéng le....
素养 (sùyǎng) — literacy; cultivation; competence
素养 (sùyǎng) 素养 refers to the cultural, moral, or professional cultivation that a person develops through education and practice over time. It implies a deep, internalised quality rather than a mere skill. In modern educational discourse it is often translated as "literacy" or "competency." Meanings [noun] cultivation; literacy; competency; quality (developed through sustained learning and practice) Example Sentences 信息素养是现代公民在数字时代必须具备的基本能力。 Xìnxī sùyǎng shì xiàndài gōngmín zài shùzì shídài bìxū jùbèi de...
平等 (píngděng) — equality; equal
平等 (píngděng) Equality means the state of being equal, particularly in terms of rights, status, and opportunities, without discrimination based on gender, race, class, or other factors. Meanings [noun] equality; equal standing; parity [adjective] equal; on an equal footing; equitable Example Sentences 宪法保障所有公民在法律面前一律平等。 Xiànfǎ bǎozhàng suǒyǒu gōngmín zài fǎlǜ miànqián yīlǜ píngděng. The constitution guarantees that all citizens are equal before the law. 性别平等是现代社会追求的重要目标之一。 Xìngbié píngděng shì xiàndài shèhuì zhuīqiú...
内容 (nèiróng) — content / substance
内容 (nèiróng) The substance, material, or information that makes up a book, speech, course, or any other medium. Meanings [noun] Content, substance, material (of a text, course, etc.). [noun] Subject matter, what something is about. Example Sentences 这本书的内容很丰富。 Zhè běn shū de nèiróng hěn fēngfù. The content of this book is very rich. 老师讲课的内容很有意思。 Lǎoshī jiǎng kè de nèiróng hěn yǒu yìsi. The content of the teacher's lesson is very...
促进 (cùjìn) — to promote; to advance
促进 (cùjìn) 促进 means to actively promote, advance, or facilitate something, implying that an agent is pushing a positive process forward, and is one of the most important formal verbs in Chinese official and academic language. Meanings [verb] to promote; to advance; to facilitate [verb] to further; to spur on; to accelerate a positive process Example Sentences 经济发展有助于促进社会的整体进步。 Jīngjì fāzhǎn yǒuzhù yú cùjìn shèhuì de zhěngtǐ jìnbù. Economic development helps...
习惯 (xíguàn) — habit; to be used to; custom
习惯 (xíguàn) 习惯 refers to a habitual pattern of behavior as a noun, and as a verb it means to be accustomed to or to get used to something. Meanings [noun] Habit; custom; regular practice. [verb] To be used to; to be accustomed to; to get used to. Example Sentences 他有每天早起跑步的习惯。 Tā yǒu měitiān zǎoqǐ pǎobù de xíguàn. He has the habit of getting up early and running every day....
百 (bǎi) — hundred
百 (bǎi) The word for one hundred; in compound numbers, 一 before 百 is often dropped in colloquial speech (一百 → 百, though 一百 is always correct). Gaps between non-consecutive digits require 零: 一百零五 = 105. Meanings [number] Hundred, one hundred. [adjective] All kinds of, a great many (in idioms: 百分之百, one hundred percent; 百姓, common people). Example Sentences 这本书一百二十页。 Zhè běn shū yī bǎi èrshí yè. This book has...
困 (kùn) — sleepy; drowsy
困 (kùn) 困 describes the feeling of drowsiness and the need to sleep, especially during the day. Meanings [adj] sleepy; drowsy; tired and needing sleep Example Sentences 我昨晚没睡好，今天很困。 Wǒ zuówǎn méi shuì hǎo, jīntiān hěn kùn. I didn't sleep well last night and I'm very sleepy today. 下午两点是最容易困的时候。 Xiàwǔ liǎng diǎn shì zuì róngyì kùn de shíhou. Two in the afternoon is when it's easiest to feel sleepy. 他困得眼睛都睁不开了。 Tā...
合作 (hézuò) — to cooperate; cooperation; collaboration
合作 (hézuò) 合作 means to cooperate or collaborate, combining the efforts of two or more parties to achieve a common goal. It is widely used in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts and carries a positive connotation of productive partnership. Meanings [verb] To cooperate; to collaborate; to work together. [noun] Cooperation; collaboration; partnership. Example Sentences 两家公司决定展开长期合作，共同开发新产品。 Liǎng jiā gōngsī juédìng zhǎnkāi cháng qī hézuò, gòng tóng kāifā xīn chǎnpǐn. The two...
价值观 (jiàzhíguān) — values, value system
价值观 (jiàzhíguān) 价值观 refers to the set of values and moral principles that guide an individual's or society's judgments and behaviors. It encompasses what a person considers important, good, or desirable in life. A person's 价值观 is typically shaped by family, culture, education, and personal experience. Meanings noun values, value system, set of moral and ethical principles Example Sentences 每个人的价值观都不同。 Měi gè rén de jiàzhíguān dōu bùtóng. Everyone's value system...
合同 (hétong) — contract; agreement
合同 (hétong) 合同 is the standard Chinese word for a contract -- a legally binding written agreement between parties that specifies obligations, rights, and terms. Meanings [noun] contract; written agreement; formal agreement Example Sentences 双方签署了一份为期三年的合同。 Shuāngfāng qiānshǔ le yī fèn wéiqī sān nián de hétong. Both parties signed a three-year contract. 请在签合同之前仔细阅读所有条款。 Qǐng zài qiān hétong zhīqián zīxì yuèdú suǒyǒu tiáokuǎn. Please read all the terms carefully before signing the...
况且 (kuàngqiě) — moreover, besides
况且 (kuàngqiě) 况且 is a conjunction used to introduce an additional reason or consideration that reinforces a previous statement. It is equivalent to "moreover," "besides," or "what is more" in English. It signals that another, often stronger, argument is being added to an already stated one. It is more formal than 而且 and is characteristic of written argumentation. Meanings [conj] moreover, besides, what is more (adding a further strengthening reason)...
共同 (gòngtóng) — common; shared; together; jointly
共同 (gòngtóng) 共同 describes something that is held in common by multiple parties, or an action that is carried out together or jointly. Meanings [adjective] common; shared — belonging to or affecting all parties [adverb] together; jointly — doing something as a collective Example Sentences 我们有共同的爱好。 Wǒmen yǒu gòngtóng de àihào. We share common hobbies. 这是我们共同的责任。 Zhè shì wǒmen gòngtóng de zérèn. This is our shared responsibility. 大家共同努力，一定能成功。 Dàjiā gòngtóng...
学期 (xuéqī) — school term; semester
学期 (xuéqī) 学期 refers to a term or semester, one of the divisions of the school or academic year. Meanings [noun] school term; semester; academic term Example Sentences 这学期你选了哪些课？ Zhè xuéqī nǐ xuǎn le nǎxiē kè? Which courses did you choose this semester? 下学期我想多参加课外活动。 Xià xuéqī wǒ xiǎng duō cānjia kèwài huódòng. Next semester I want to participate in more extracurricular activities. 这学期我们要学很多新内容。 Zhè xuéqī wǒmen yào xué hěn duō...
换乘 (huànchéng) — to transfer (transit)
换乘 (huànchéng) 换乘 means to transfer or change from one mode of transport to another during a journey, such as switching subway lines, buses, or trains. 换 means to change or switch, and 乘 means to ride or board a vehicle. Meanings [verb] To transfer; to change vehicles, lines, or modes of transportation mid-journey. Example Sentences 在这里换乘二号线。 Zài zhèlǐ huànchéng èr hào xiàn. Transfer to Line 2 here. 我需要在北京换乘火车。 Wǒ...
表现 (biǎoxiàn) — to show; performance
表现 (biǎoxiàn) 表现 is a versatile and high-frequency word meaning to show or express something (especially a quality or emotion), and as a noun, it refers to one's performance, behavior, or the way something is manifested. Meanings [verb] to show; to express; to manifest; to perform [noun] performance; behavior; the way something is expressed or shown Example Sentences 他在课堂上的表现一直很出色。 Tā zài kètáng shàng de biǎoxiàn yīzhí hěn chūsè. His performance...
反之 (fǎnzhī) — conversely; on the contrary
反之 (fǎnzhī) 反之 is a formal connective used to introduce a contrasting or opposite situation, equivalent to "conversely," "on the contrary," or "otherwise" in English. Meanings [conjunction] conversely; on the contrary; otherwise (introduces the opposite case) Example Sentences 如果你努力学习，就会取得好成绩；反之，则会落后。 Rúguǒ nǐ nǔlì xuéxí, jiù huì qǔdé hǎo chéngjì; fǎnzhī, zé huì luòhòu. If you study hard, you will get good grades; conversely, you will fall behind. 团结使人强大，反之则使人软弱。 Tuánjié shǐ rén...
吗 (ma) — yes/no question particle
吗 (ma) 吗 is a sentence-final particle that converts any statement into a yes/no question. It is one of the simplest and most essential particles in Mandarin. Meanings [particle] Question marker for yes/no questions (always sentence-final). Example Sentences 你是学生吗？ Nǐ shì xuésheng ma? Are you a student? 你吃饭了吗？ Nǐ chīfàn le ma? Have you eaten? 他今天来吗？ Tā jīntiān lái ma? Is he coming today? 这个好吃吗？ Zhège hǎo chī ma? Is...
另外 (lìngwài) — in addition
另外 (lìngwài) 另外 means in addition or besides — it introduces a supplementary point or an additional item that is separate from what was just mentioned. It can also mean "another" or "other" as a determiner. Meanings [adverb] In addition; besides; furthermore; also. [adjective] Another; other; separate. Example Sentences 另外，我还想说一件事。 Lìngwài, wǒ hái xiǎng shuō yī jiàn shì. In addition, I'd also like to say one more thing. 这件衣服太贵，我找另外一件。 Zhè...
十 (shí) — ten
十 (shí) The number ten; Chinese counting is perfectly logical from ten onward — 十一 (11), 十二 (12), 二十 (20), 二十一 (21) — making arithmetic transparent once you know 一 through 十. Meanings [number] Ten, the digit 10. [adjective] Complete, perfect (in idioms: 十全十美, perfect in every way). Example Sentences 十加十等于二十。 Shí jiā shí děngyú èrshí. Ten plus ten equals twenty. 他学中文学了十年了。 Tā xué Zhōngwén xuéle shí nián le. He...
节省 (jiéshěng) — to save; to economize
节省 (jiéshěng) 节省 means "to save" or "to economize" and refers to using resources such as money, time, or energy carefully to avoid waste. Meanings [verb] to save; to economize; to be frugal with [adjective] economical; thrifty Example Sentences 坐地铁可以节省很多时间。 Zuò dìtiě kěyǐ jiéshěng hěn duō shíjiān. Taking the subway can save a lot of time. 他养成了节省的好习惯。 Tā yǎngchéng le jiéshěng de hǎo xíguàn. He developed the good habit of...
出版 (chūbǎn) — to publish; to issue
出版 (chūbǎn) 出版 specifically refers to the publication of books, journals, and other printed or formally produced media, and is the standard term in the Chinese publishing industry. Meanings [verb] to publish (a book, journal, or other printed work) [noun] publication; publishing (as an industry or act) Example Sentences 这本小说自出版以来已售出超过百万册。 Zhè běn xiǎoshuō zì chūbǎn yǐlái yǐ shòuchū chāoguò bǎi wàn cè. Since its publication, this novel has sold more...
生态 (shēngtài) — ecology; ecological
生态 (shēngtài) 生态 describes the ecological balance and state of a natural environment, and is increasingly used in modern Chinese to describe sustainable or healthy systems beyond biology. Meanings [noun] ecology; the ecological state of an environment [adjective] ecological; eco- (used as a modifier) Example Sentences 保护生态环境是每个公民的责任。 Bǎohù shēngtài huánjìng shì měi gè gōngmín de zérèn. Protecting the ecological environment is every citizen's responsibility. 这片森林的生态保持得非常好。 Zhè piàn sēnlín de shēngtài...
找到 (zhǎo dào) — to find; to successfully locate
找到 (zhǎo dào) 找到 is a verb + result complement. 找 means "to look for / search" and 到 is the result complement indicating that the searching action reached its goal — you actually found it. Without 到, 找 is just the act of searching (outcome unknown). 找不到 means "can't find" and 没找到 means "searched but didn't find." Meanings [v+comp] Find; locate — the search was successful. [v+comp] Track down;...
直播 (zhíbō) — live broadcast; to livestream
直播 (zhíbō) 直播 refers to broadcasting content in real time without pre-recording, a concept that has expanded dramatically with the rise of social media and e-commerce livestreaming in China. Meanings [verb] to broadcast live; to livestream [noun] live broadcast; livestream Example Sentences 这名主播每天晚上通过直播向粉丝展示新产品。 Zhè míng zhǔbō měitiān wǎnshang tōngguò zhíbō xiàng fěnsī zhǎnshì xīn chǎnpǐn. This streamer showcases new products to fans every evening through live broadcasts. 该体育赛事将在多个平台上进行全程直播。 Gāi tǐyù...
快乐 (kuàilè) — happy, joyful
快乐 (kuàilè) 快乐 means happy or joyful. It describes a genuine inner feeling of happiness. It is commonly used in greetings and well wishes, such as 生日快乐 (Happy Birthday) and 新年快乐 (Happy New Year). Meanings [adjective] Happy, joyful. Example Sentences 生日快乐！ Shēngrì kuàilè! Happy birthday! 他每天都很快乐。 Tā měitiān dōu hěn kuàilè. He is happy every day. 孩子们玩得很快乐。 Háizimen wán de hěn kuàilè. The children are playing happily. 我希望你永远快乐。 Wǒ xīwàng...
不好意思 (bù hǎo yìsi) — embarrassed; sorry to trouble you
不好意思 (bù hǎo yìsi) 不好意思 literally means "not good feeling/meaning" and expresses embarrassment, shyness, or a polite apology for causing inconvenience. It covers the gap between a full apology (对不起) and simple awkwardness. Meanings [adjective] Embarrassed; shy; feeling awkward in a social situation. [expression] Sorry to trouble you; excuse me (polite phrase before making a request or after a minor imposition). Example Sentences 不好意思，我来晚了。 Bù hǎo yìsi, wǒ lái wǎn...
问题 (wèntí) — question, problem, issue
问题 (wèntí) Covers both a question someone asks and a problem or issue that needs to be addressed. In everyday speech it is one of the most versatile nouns, used in education, work, and daily conversation. Meanings [noun] Question (something asked). [noun] Problem, issue, matter needing attention. Example Sentences 你有什么问题吗？ Nǐ yǒu shénme wèntí ma? Do you have any questions? 这个问题很难回答。 Zhège wèntí hěn nán huídá. This question is very...
完 (wán) — finished, done, to run out
完 (wán) Most commonly used as a result complement after a verb to indicate that the action has been fully completed. For example, 吃完 means "finished eating," 做完 means "done with the task." It can also stand alone meaning "finished" or "over." Meanings [complement] Completion result complement: the action is finished/done. [verb] To run out, to be finished, to be over. Example Sentences 我已经做完作业了。 Wǒ yǐjīng zuò wán zuòyè le....
历史 (lìshǐ) — history; historical
历史 (lìshǐ) 历史 refers to history as a body of knowledge about past events, and can also function as an adjective meaning historical. Meanings [noun] history, the study or record of past events [adjective] historical, relating to the past Example Sentences 中国有五千年的历史。 Zhōngguó yǒu wǔqiān nián de lìshǐ. China has a history of five thousand years. 学习历史可以帮助我们了解现在。 Xuéxí lìshǐ kěyǐ bāngzhù wǒmen liǎojiě xiànzài. Studying history can help us understand...
激发 (jīfā) — Stimulate, trigger, arouse
激发 (jīfā) 激发 means to stimulate or trigger something into action -- typically used for feelings, potential, interest, creativity, or reactions that are aroused by an external stimulus. Meanings [verb] to stimulate; to arouse; to trigger; to bring out; to activate Example Sentences 这本书激发了他对科学的浓厚兴趣。 Zhè běn shū jīfāle tā duì kēxué de nóng hòu xìngqù. This book stimulated his strong interest in science. 老师的提问激发了学生们的思考和讨论热情。 Lǎoshī de tíwèn jīfāle xuéshēngmen de...
应该 (yīnggāi) — should, ought to
应该 (yīnggāi) A modal verb expressing what is expected, appropriate, or right to do — translating as "should" or "ought to." Key contrasts: 应该 = should (moral/practical expectation), 要 = need to / going to (intention or necessity), 必须 = must (strict obligation). Meanings [modal verb] Should, ought to (expressing expectation or moral/practical appropriateness). Example Sentences 你应该早点睡觉。 Nǐ yīnggāi zǎo diǎn shuìjiào. You should go to sleep earlier. 我们应该帮助有困难的人。 Wǒmen...
与此同时 (yǔ cǐ tóngshí) — at the same time; meanwhile
与此同时 (yǔ cǐ tóngshí) 与此同时 is a formal discourse connector meaning "at the same time" or "meanwhile," used to introduce events or actions that occur simultaneously with what was just mentioned. Meanings [conjunction] at the same time; meanwhile; simultaneously (links two concurrent events or actions) Example Sentences 政府加大了对基础设施的投入，与此同时，也出台了一系列环保政策。 Zhèngfǔ jiādàle duì jīchǔ shèshī de tóurù, yǔ cǐ tóngshí, yě chūtāile yī xìliè huánbǎo zhèngcè. The government increased investment in infrastructure;...
搬进来 (bān jìnlái) — move in (toward speaker)
搬进来 (bān jìnlái) 搬进来 is a verb with a compound directional complement. 搬 (to move / carry heavy objects) is the base verb; 进来 (come in / enter, toward the speaker) shows that something moves into an enclosed space in the direction of the speaker. Contrast with 搬进去 (move in, away from the speaker). Structure 搬 (move / carry) + 进来 (directional complement: enter toward speaker) = move something in...
问 (wèn) — to ask
问 (wèn) A verb meaning "to ask" or "to inquire." It is used when seeking information or posing a question. Its counterpart is 回答 (huídá), meaning "to answer." Together 问 and 回答 form the basic question-answer pair in conversation. Meanings [verb] To ask, to inquire, to question. Example Sentences 我想问你一个问题。 Wǒ xiǎng wèn nǐ yīgè wèntí. I want to ask you a question. 请问，这里有厕所吗？ Qǐngwèn, zhèlǐ yǒu cèsuǒ ma? Excuse...
秩序 (zhìxù) — order; social order
秩序 (zhìxù) 秩序 refers to a state of orderly arrangement and proper functioning, whether in social conduct, public spaces, legal systems, or international relations. Meanings [noun] order; orderliness; social order; discipline Example Sentences 维护公共秩序是每个公民的基本义务。 Wéihù gōnggòng zhìxù shì měi gè gōngmín de jīběn yìwù. Maintaining public order is a basic obligation of every citizen. 法律是保障社会秩序的重要工具。 Fǎlǜ shì bǎozhàng shèhuì zhìxù de zhòngyào gōngjù. Law is an important tool for ensuring...
加油 (jiāyóu) — come on / keep it up / add fuel
加油 (jiāyóu) Literally "add oil/fuel," used as an energetic cheer meaning "come on," "go for it," or "keep it up." Also used literally when refueling a vehicle. Meanings [interjection] Come on! Go for it! Keep it up! (encouragement cheer). [verb] To add fuel, to refuel (a vehicle). Example Sentences 比赛的时候，观众大声喊：加油！ Bǐsài de shíhou, guānzhòng dàshēng hǎn: jiāyóu! During the competition, the audience shouted loudly: Come on! 你要参加考试了，加油！ Nǐ yào cānjiā...
传达 (chuándá) — to convey; to communicate; to relay
传达 (chuándá) 传达 means to convey, communicate, or relay information, instructions, or feelings from one person or source to another, often used in official, institutional, or interpersonal communication contexts. Meanings [verb] to convey; to communicate; to relay (pass on information, instructions, or messages) [verb] to express; to get across (convey feelings, ideas, or meaning) Example Sentences 请把会议精神传达给没有参加会议的同事。 Qǐng bǎ huìyì jīngshén chuándá gěi méiyǒu cānjiā huìyì de tóngshì. Please relay...
退化 (tuìhuà) — degeneration; to degenerate; to deteriorate
退化 (tuìhuà) 退化 describes the process of declining, weakening, or degenerating to a more primitive or inferior state, used in biology, medicine, and broader metaphorical contexts. Meanings [verb/noun] degeneration; to degenerate (biological or evolutionary) [verb/noun] deterioration; to deteriorate; to regress Example Sentences 长期缺乏锻炼会导致肌肉退化，影响身体健康。 Chángqī quēfá duànliàn huì dǎozhì jīròu tuìhuà, yǐngxiǎng shēntǐ jiànkāng. Long-term lack of exercise can cause muscle degeneration and affect physical health. 穴居鱼类因为长期生活在黑暗中，眼睛逐渐退化。 Xuéjū yúlèi yīnwèi chángqī...
是…的 (shì...de) — emphasis construction
是…的 (shì...de) 是…的 is an emphasis construction used when the action itself is already known or assumed, and the speaker wants to highlight a specific detail about it: when it happened, where, how, or by whom. 是 can often be omitted in speech, but 的 at the end is required. Structure Subject + 是 + [Emphasized Element] + Verb (+ Object) + 的 The emphasized element (time, place, manner, agent)...
分析 (fēnxī) — to analyze; analysis
分析 (fēnxī) 分析 is one of the most fundamental academic and professional words, meaning to analyze or conduct analysis. It involves breaking a complex subject down into its component parts to understand the whole. While it appears at lower HSK levels, its full range of sophisticated collocations, noun usage, and academic register belong at the C1 level. It is ubiquitous in research, business, policy, and journalism. Meanings [v] to analyze;...
才能 (cáinéng) — talent; ability; capability
才能 (cáinéng) 才能 refers to a person's natural talent or developed capability in a particular area. Meanings [noun] talent; ability; capability — the combination of aptitude and skill that enables someone to do something well Example Sentences 她有音乐才能。 Tā yǒu yīnyuè cáinéng. She has musical talent. 他的才能让所有人都感到惊讶。 Tā de cáinéng ràng suǒyǒu rén dōu gǎndào jīngyà. His talent surprised everyone. 每个人都有自己的才能。 Měi gè rén dōu yǒu zìjǐ de cáinéng. Every...
只 (zhǐ) — only; just
只 (zhǐ) 只 narrows a statement to a single item, amount, or condition. It always sits before the verb or the element it restricts. Note: 只 is also a measure word for small animals (yī zhī māo — one cat), but that is a separate word with a different tone (zhī) and usage. Meanings [adv] Only; merely; just — limits quantity or scope. [adv] Used in patterns 只有…才… (only if…then…)...
必要 (bìyào) — necessary; essential; indispensable
必要 (bìyào) 必要 means necessary or essential, describing something that is required or cannot be avoided in a given situation. Meanings [adjective] necessary; essential; indispensable; required Example Sentences 有必要在会议前准备好材料。 Yǒu bìyào zài huìyì qián zhǔnbèi hǎo cáiliào. It is necessary to prepare materials before the meeting. 沟通是解决问题的必要条件。 Gōutōng shì jiějué wèntí de bìyào tiáojiàn. Communication is a necessary condition for solving problems. 这次手术是必要的，不能推迟。 Zhè cì shǒushù shì bìyào de, bù...
演员 (yǎnyuán) — actor / performer
演员 (yǎnyuán) 演员 means actor, actress, or performer. It refers to anyone who performs on stage, in films, or on television. 演 means to perform or act, and 员 means a member or person in a role. It is gender-neutral in Chinese. Meanings [noun] Actor; actress; performer; a person who performs in plays, films, or shows. Example Sentences 她是一位非常有名的演员。 Tā shì yī wèi fēicháng yǒumíng de yǎnyuán. She is a...
曾经 (céngjīng) — once; formerly; at some point
曾经 (céngjīng) 曾经 indicates that something happened at some point in the past, with the implication that the situation may have since changed, equivalent to "once," "used to," or "formerly." Meanings [adverb] Once; formerly; at some point in the past (an action or state that occurred before, now possibly ended). Example Sentences 我曾经在北京住过三年。 Wǒ céngjīng zài Běijīng zhù guò sān nián. I once lived in Beijing for three years. 他曾经是一名职业运动员。...
策略 (cèlüè) — strategy; tactic; approach
策略 (cèlüè) 策略 refers to a strategy, tactic, or planned approach used to achieve a specific goal or handle a situation effectively. Meanings [noun] strategy; tactic; approach; a carefully planned method for achieving a goal Example Sentences 公司需要制定新的市场策略。 Gōngsī xūyào zhìdìng xīn de shìchǎng cèlüè. The company needs to develop a new marketing strategy. 在谈判中，掌握正确的策略非常重要。 Zài tánpàn zhōng, zhǎngwò zhèngquè de cèlüè fēicháng zhòngyào. In negotiations, mastering the right tactics...
经验 (jīngyàn) — experience
经验 (jīngyàn) 经验 refers to knowledge, skill, or insight gained through direct participation or practice over time. It emphasises practical, lived experience rather than theoretical knowledge. Meanings [noun] experience; practical knowledge; know-how gained through practice Example Sentences 这位老师有二十年的课堂教学经验，深受学生喜爱。 Zhè wèi lǎoshī yǒu èrshí nián de kètáng jiāoxué jīngyàn, shēn shòu xuéshēng xǐài. This teacher has twenty years of classroom teaching experience and is deeply loved by students. 失败也是一种宝贵的经验，能让我们从中学到教训。 Shībài yě...
观点 (guāndiǎn) — viewpoint; perspective; standpoint
观点 (guāndiǎn) 观点 refers to a person's point of view, perspective, or standpoint on a topic, especially in discussion or debate. Meanings [noun] Viewpoint; perspective; standpoint (a personal position on a topic). Example Sentences 我们应该尊重不同人的观点。 Wǒmen yīnggāi zūnzhòng bùtóng rén de guāndiǎn. We should respect the viewpoints of different people. 从我的观点来看，这个决定是正确的。 Cóng wǒ de guāndiǎn lái kàn, zhège juédìng shì zhèngquè de. From my perspective, this decision is correct. 他的观点很有意思，值得认真考虑。...
游泳 (yóuyǒng) — to swim, swimming
游泳 (yóuyǒng) A verb-object compound meaning to swim. Also used as a noun to refer to the sport or activity of swimming. The object 泳 (the swimming stroke/motion) is inseparable in most common uses. Meanings [verb] To swim. [noun] Swimming (as an activity or sport). Example Sentences 他每天早上去游泳。 Tā měi tiān zǎoshang qù yóuyǒng. He goes swimming every morning. 你会游泳吗？ Nǐ huì yóuyǒng ma? Can you swim? 游泳对身体很好。 Yóuyǒng duì...
承认 (chéngrèn) — to admit; to acknowledge; to recognize
承认 (chéngrèn) 承认 covers two related senses: admitting something (often a fault or uncomfortable truth) and officially recognizing something (such as a government or credential). Meanings [verb] To admit, to confess (a fault or truth one might prefer to hide). [verb] To acknowledge, to recognize, to accept as valid or legitimate. Example Sentences 他终于承认自己在这件事上犯了一个严重的错误。 Tā zhōngyú chéngrèn zìjǐ zài zhè jiàn shì shàng fàn le yī gè yánzhòng de cuòwù....
负债 (fùzhài) — to be in debt; debt; liabilities
负债 (fùzhài) 负债 describes the state of having debts or owing money, and in financial accounting it refers specifically to liabilities, making it essential vocabulary for finance, business reporting, and economic discussion. Meanings [verb] to be in debt; to owe money [noun] debt; liabilities; indebtedness Example Sentences 这家公司因过度扩张而负债累累。 Zhè jiā gōngsī yīn guòdù kuòzhāng ér fùzhài lěilěi. This company is deeply in debt due to overexpansion. 负债与资产的比率是评估企业财务健康的关键指标。 Fùzhài yǔ zīchǎn...
分配 (fēnpèi) — to allocate, to distribute
分配 (fēnpèi) 分配 refers to the systematic allocation or distribution of resources, tasks, roles, or benefits among multiple recipients according to some plan or principle. Meanings [verb] to allocate, to distribute, to assign [noun] allocation, distribution, assignment Example Sentences 公司需要合理分配资源，以提高整体运营效率。 Gōngsī xūyào hélǐ fēnpèi zīyuán, yǐ tígāo zhěngtǐ yùnyíng xiào lǜ. The company needs to allocate resources reasonably to improve overall operational efficiency. 政府正在研究如何更公平地分配社会财富。 Zhèngfǔ zhèngzài yánjiū rúhé gèng gōngpíng...
认真 (rènzhēn) — serious / earnest
认真 (rènzhēn) 认真 means serious, earnest, or conscientious. It describes an attitude of careful dedication and thoroughness rather than a somber or grave mood. To 认真 do something means to do it with full attention and effort. Meanings [adjective] Serious; earnest; conscientious; diligent; careful. [adverb] Seriously; earnestly (used as a manner adverb before verbs). Example Sentences 他学习非常认真。 Tā xuéxí fēicháng rènzhēn. He studies very seriously. 做事要认真，不能马虎。 Zuò shì yào rènzhēn,...
重要 (zhòngyào) — important; significant
重要 (zhòngyào) 重要 describes something that carries great weight, consequence, or significance. Meanings [adjective] Important; significant; crucial. Example Sentences 健康是最重要的事情。 Jiànkāng shì zuì zhòngyào de shìqíng. Health is the most important thing. 这次会议非常重要，请不要缺席。 Zhè cì huìyì fēicháng zhòngyào, qǐng bùyào quēxí. This meeting is very important; please do not be absent. 学好外语对未来很重要。 Xué hǎo wàiyǔ duì wèilái hěn zhòngyào. Learning a foreign language well is very important for the future....
批判 (pīpàn) — to criticize; to critique; criticism
批判 (pīpàn) 批判 means to critically examine and point out the faults, errors, or shortcomings of something or someone, often in a systematic and principled way; it can also refer to a formal critique or criticism in an academic or ideological context. Meanings [verb] to criticize; to critique; to condemn (especially in a systematic or principled way) [noun] criticism; critique; critical analysis Example Sentences 学术界对这篇论文的研究方法提出了严厉的批判，认为其数据采集存在明显缺陷。 Xuéshù jiè duì zhè piān...
写 (xiě) — to write
写 (xiě) 写 means to write, whether writing Chinese characters, a message, an essay, or any other text. It is distinct from 读 (dú, to read aloud) and 看 (kàn, to read silently). Meanings [verb] To write (characters, text, a letter, a composition). Example Sentences 请写下你的名字。 Qǐng xiě xià nǐ de míngzi. Please write down your name. 他每天练习写汉字。 Tā měitiān liànxí xiě Hànzì. He practices writing Chinese characters every day....
旅行 (lǚxíng) — to travel; trip; journey
旅行 (lǚxíng) 旅行 refers to the act of traveling for leisure or exploration, as well as the journey itself. Meanings [verb] to travel — to journey from one place to another, typically for pleasure or exploration [noun] trip; journey — a journey undertaken for leisure or exploration Example Sentences 我喜欢旅行，尤其是去海边。 Wǒ xǐhuān lǚxíng, yóuqí shì qù hǎibiān. I love to travel, especially to the seaside. 这次旅行让我开阔了眼界。 Zhè cì lǚxíng ràng...
因此 (yīncǐ) — therefore; as a result; thus
因此 (yīncǐ) 因此 connects a cause to its result, meaning "therefore" or "as a result," and is commonly used in written and spoken Chinese. Meanings [conjunction] Therefore; as a result; thus (links a cause to its consequence). Example Sentences 他努力学习，因此考试得了高分。 Tā nǔlì xuéxí, yīncǐ kǎoshì dé le gāo fēn. He studied hard; therefore he got a high score on the exam. 天气很冷，因此很多人待在家里。 Tiānqì hěn lěng, yīncǐ hěn duō rén dāi...
一定 (yīdìng) — certainly / a certain
一定 (yīdìng) Used as an adverb meaning "certainly/definitely," or as an adjective meaning "a certain (amount/degree)." Meanings [adverb] Certainly, definitely, surely. [adjective] A certain, a fixed, a particular (amount or degree). Example Sentences 你一定要好好学习。 Nǐ yīdìng yào hǎohǎo xuéxí. You must study hard (for certain). 这件事一定很重要。 Zhè jiàn shì yīdìng hěn zhòngyào. This matter is certainly very important. 学好中文需要一定的时间。 Xué hǎo zhōngwén xūyào yīdìng de shíjiān. Learning Chinese well requires...
缩小 (suōxiǎo) — to reduce, to narrow, to shrink
缩小 (suōxiǎo) 缩小 means to reduce, narrow, or shrink the size, scope, or gap of something, and functions as the antonym of 扩大. It can be used both for physical dimensions and abstract concepts like differences or inequalities. Meanings [verb] to reduce, to narrow, to shrink, to diminish (size, gap, scope) [verb] to scale down, to miniaturize Example Sentences 政府出台政策，努力缩小城乡发展差距。 Zhèngfǔ chūtái zhèngcè, nǔlì suōxiǎo chéng xiāng fāzhǎn chājù. The...
测试 (cèshì) — Test, to test
测试 (cèshì) 测试 refers to the process of examining, evaluating, or checking the performance, quality, or correctness of something -- commonly used in technical, academic, and product development contexts. Meanings [verb] to test; to examine; to evaluate; to trial [noun] test; trial; examination; assessment Example Sentences 软件发布前必须经过严格的测试。 Ruǎnjiàn fābù qián bìxū jīngguò yángé de cèshì. Software must undergo rigorous testing before release. 这款新产品正处于测试阶段，尚未正式上市。 Zhè kuǎn xīn chǎnpǐn zhèng chǔyú cèshì...
治疗师 (zhìliáoshī) — therapist
治疗师 (zhìliáoshī) 治疗师 refers to a therapist, a trained professional who provides treatment for physical or psychological conditions. It covers a range of specialists from physical therapists to psychotherapists. Meanings [noun] therapist; a professional who provides therapeutic treatment Example Sentences 她每周去看治疗师，帮助自己处理焦虑问题。 Tā měi zhōu qù kàn zhìliáoshī, bāngzhù zìjǐ chǔlǐ jiāolǜ wèntí. She sees a therapist every week to help manage her anxiety. 治疗师建议他进行呼吸练习来减轻压力。 Zhìliáoshī jiànyì tā jìnxíng hūxī liànxí...
民主 (mínzhǔ) — democracy, democratic
民主 (mínzhǔ) 民主 refers to democracy as a political system in which power rests with the people. As an adjective, it describes a decision-making process that is open, fair, and participatory. Meanings n democracy adj democratic, fair and open Example Sentences 民主是现代社会的重要价值观。 Mínzhǔ shì xiàndài shèhuì de zhòngyào jiàzhíguān. Democracy is an important value in modern society. 这次会议以民主的方式做出了决定。 Zhè cì huìyì yǐ mínzhǔ de fāngshì zuòchū le juédìng. This meeting...
比较 (bǐjiào) — to compare / relatively
比较 (bǐjiào) 比较 functions both as a verb meaning "to compare" and as an adverb meaning "relatively" or "fairly." Meanings [verb] to compare; to contrast [adverb] relatively; fairly; rather; comparatively Example Sentences 我们来比较一下这两个方案。 Wǒmen lái bǐjiào yīxià zhè liǎng gè fāng'àn. Let us compare these two plans. 这道题比较难。 Zhè dào tí bǐjiào nán. This problem is relatively difficult. 比较起来，这个方法更简单。 Bǐjiào qǐlái, zhège fāngfǎ gèng jiǎndān. Comparatively speaking, this method is...
您好 (nín hǎo) — hello (formal/respectful)
您好 (nín hǎo) 您好 is the formal and respectful version of 你好. It is used when greeting elders, teachers, bosses, clients, or anyone to whom you wish to show deference. Meanings [phrase] Hello (formal/respectful). A polite greeting used toward people of higher status or those deserving respect. Example Sentences 王老师，您好！ Wáng lǎoshī, nín hǎo! Hello, Teacher Wang! 您好，我可以帮您吗？ Nín hǎo, wǒ kěyǐ bāng nín ma? Hello, may I help you?...
汇报 (huìbào) — Report, give a report
汇报 (huìbào) 汇报 means to give a formal report or briefing, typically to a superior or organization. It conveys the act of summarizing information and presenting it upward in a hierarchy. Meanings [verb] to report; to give a briefing; to present a summary to a superior [noun] report; briefing; summary presentation Example Sentences 他每周向经理汇报工作进展情况。 Tā měi zhōu xiàng jīnglǐ huìbào gōngzuò jìnzhǎn qíngkuàng. He reports the progress of his work...
网络安全 (wǎngluò ānquán) — cybersecurity; network security
网络安全 (wǎngluò ānquán) 网络安全 refers to the protection of computer networks, systems, and data from unauthorised access, cyberattacks, and digital threats. It is a key term in technology, policy, and national security discourse. Meanings [noun] cybersecurity; network security; information security in digital environments Example Sentences 网络安全是国家安全的重要组成部分，直接关系到社会稳定。 Wǎngluò ānquán shì guójiā ānquán de zhòngyào zǔchéng bùfèn, zhíjiē guānxì dào shèhuì wěndìng. Cybersecurity is an important component of national security and directly...
教材 (jiàocái) — teaching material, textbook
教材 (jiàocái) The printed, digital, or multimedia resources used in formal teaching -- broader than just textbooks and including all instructional content. Meanings [noun] teaching material, textbook, instructional resource Example Sentences 这套教材专为中级汉语学习者设计。 Zhè tào jiàocái zhuān wèi zhōngjí Hànyǔ xuéxízhě shèjì. This set of teaching materials is designed specifically for intermediate Chinese learners. 学校决定更新老化的数学教材以适应新课程标准。 Xuéxiào juédìng gēngxīn lǎohuà de shùxué jiàocái yǐ shìyìng xīn kèchéng biāozhǔn. The school decided to...
判断 (pànduàn) — to judge; judgment; to determine
判断 (pànduàn) 判断 means to judge or determine something based on available information. It implies an active mental process of weighing evidence and reaching a conclusion. As a noun it refers to the judgment or determination itself. Meanings [verb] To judge; to determine; to assess; to conclude. [noun] Judgment; determination; assessment. Example Sentences 根据现有的信息，很难判断哪个方案更合适。 Gēnjù xiànyǒu de xìnxī, hěn nán pànduàn nǎge fāng'àn gèng héshì. Based on the available information,...
增长 (zēngzhǎng) — to grow, growth (in quantity)
增长 (zēngzhǎng) 增长 describes quantitative growth or increase, typically referring to measurable increases in numbers, rates, or amounts such as GDP, population, or income. Meanings [verb] to grow, to increase (in quantity or measure) [noun] growth, increase (in quantity or measure) Example Sentences 去年，该国的GDP增长了百分之六点五。 Qùnián, gāi guó de GDP zēngzhǎng le bǎifēnzhī liù diǎn wǔ. Last year, the country's GDP grew by 6.5 percent. 人口的快速增长给城市基础设施带来了巨大压力。 Rénkǒu de kuàisù zēngzhǎng gěi...
法规 (fǎguī) — Regulations, rules and regulations
法规 (fǎguī) 法规 refers to officially issued rules and regulations, typically administrative orders and decrees issued by government bodies, which carry legal force. Meanings [noun] regulations; rules; statutory regulations; ordinances Example Sentences 企业必须严格遵守国家有关环保的法规。 Qǐyè bìxū yángé zūnshǒu guójiā yǒuguān huánbǎo de fǎguī. Enterprises must strictly comply with national environmental regulations. 政府制定了新的法规来规范网络安全行为。 Zhèngfǔ zhìdìngle xīn de fǎguī lái guīfàn wǎngluò ānquán xíngwéi. The government formulated new regulations to standardize cybersecurity practices....
不管 (bùguǎn) — no matter; regardless of
不管 (bùguǎn) 不管 means "no matter" or "regardless of." It introduces a condition that covers all possibilities, and the second clause — always marked by 都 or 也 — states what holds true under every one of those possibilities. Meanings [conjunction] No matter (what / how / who / whether); regardless of — always paired with 都 or 也 in the result clause. Pattern 不管 + [question word / A...
锻炼 (duànliàn) — to exercise; to train; to temper
锻炼 (duànliàn) 锻炼 describes physical exercise, the training of skills, or the tempering of character through challenging experience, and is one of the most common and versatile verbs in Chinese for personal development. Meanings [verb] to exercise; to work out (physical fitness) [verb] to train; to develop; to temper (skills, willpower, or character) [noun] exercise; training; a workout Example Sentences 他每天早晨坚持锻炼身体，保持了良好的健康状况。 Tā měi tiān zǎochén jiānchí duànliàn shēntǐ, bǎochíle liánghǎo...
面试 (miànshì) — interview; to interview
面试 (miànshì) 面试 means "interview" or "to interview" and specifically refers to a face-to-face evaluation, most commonly for a job or academic admission. Meanings [noun] interview; oral examination [verb] to interview; to have an interview Example Sentences 明天我有一个重要的面试。 Míngtiān wǒ yǒu yīgè zhòngyào de miànshì. I have an important interview tomorrow. 他面试了三家公司，最后选择了其中一家。 Tā miànshì le sān jiā gōngsī, zuìhòu xuǎnzé le qízhōng yī jiā. He interviewed at three companies and...
垄断 (lǒngduàn) — monopoly; to monopolize
垄断 (lǒngduàn) 垄断 means monopoly or to monopolize -- exclusive control over a market, resource, or activity by one entity, preventing competition. Meanings [noun] monopoly; exclusive control; domination [verb] to monopolize; to dominate exclusively; to corner (a market) Example Sentences 反垄断法旨在防止企业过度集中市场权力。 Fǎn lǒngduàn fǎ zhǐ zài fángzhǐ qǐyè guòdù jízhōng shìchǎng quánlì. Antitrust law aims to prevent companies from concentrating market power excessively. 这家公司垄断了该地区的电信市场。 Zhè jiā gōngsī lǒngduàn le gāi...
简洁 (jiǎnjié) — concise; brief; succinct
简洁 (jiǎnjié) 简洁 means concise, brief, and clear, describing language, design, or style that is free of unnecessary elements. Meanings [adjective] concise; brief; succinct; clean and clear without unnecessary elements Example Sentences 他的演讲风格简洁有力。 Tā de yǎnjiǎng fēnggé jiǎnjié yǒulì. His speaking style is concise and powerful. 好的设计应该简洁美观。 Hǎo de shèjì yīnggāi jiǎnjié měiguān. Good design should be concise and attractive. 请用简洁的语言表达你的想法。 Qǐng yòng jiǎnjié de yǔyán biǎodá nǐ de xiǎngfǎ....
例如 (lìrú) — For example / such as
例如 (lìrú) 例如 is used to introduce one or more examples that illustrate a general statement, equivalent to "for example" or "such as" in English. Meanings [adverb/conjunction] for example, for instance, such as Example Sentences 很多水果对身体有好处，例如苹果、香蕉和橙子。 Hěn duō shuǐguǒ duì shēntǐ yǒu hǎochù, lìrú píngguǒ, xiāngjiāo hé chéngzi. Many fruits are good for the body, for example apples, bananas, and oranges. 学好外语有很多方法，例如多听、多说、多练习。 Xuéhǎo wàiyǔ yǒu hěn duō fāngfǎ, lìrú duō...
面包 (miànbāo) — bread
面包 (miànbāo) 面包 is the word for bread — the baked product made from flour and eaten widely in Western-style breakfasts, cafes, and bakeries across China. 面 means "flour / noodles" and 包 means "bundle / wrapped thing." The measure word for a loaf is 条 (tiáo) and for a slice or individual roll it is 片 (piàn) or 个 (gè). Meanings [noun] Bread; any baked flour-based bread product. Example...
参与 (cānyù) — to participate in; participation
参与 (cānyù) 参与 means to participate in or be involved in an activity, event, or process. It implies active engagement rather than mere observation, and is used in contexts ranging from community activities to professional projects and political processes. Meanings [verb] To participate in; to take part in; to be involved in. [noun] Participation; involvement. Example Sentences 鼓励学生积极参与课堂讨论是提高学习效果的好方法。 Gǔlì xuéshēng jījí cānyù kètáng tǎolùn shì tígāo xuéxí xiàoguǒ de hǎo...
决定 (juédìng) — to decide
决定 (juédìng) 决定 means to decide or make a decision. It can function as both a verb and a noun, covering personal choices and formal resolutions. Meanings [verb] To decide; to determine; to resolve. [noun] A decision; a resolution. Example Sentences 我决定去北京工作。 Wǒ juédìng qù Běijīng gōngzuò. I decided to go to Beijing to work. 你有没有做决定？ Nǐ yǒu méiyǒu zuò juédìng? Have you made a decision? 老师决定推迟考试。 Lǎoshī juédìng tuīchí...
件 (jiàn) — measure word for clothing and matters
件 (jiàn) A measure word used for individual items of clothing (typically upper-body garments) and for matters or events. 件 is one of the most important clothing classifiers. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for garments, especially tops, jackets, and shirts. [measure word] Classifier for matters, affairs, or events. What 件 counts 件 is used with: 衣服 (yīfu): clothing — 一件衣服 (one item of clothing) 上衣 (shàngyī): top/jacket — 一件上衣 (one top)...
担任 (dānrèn) — to serve as; to hold (a position)
担任 (dānrèn) 担任 describes the formal holding of a position, role, or responsibility, often in an official or professional context. Meanings [verb] To serve as, to hold (a position or role), to take on (a responsibility). Example Sentences 他在这家公司担任首席财务官已有十年之久。 Tā zài zhè jiā gōngsī dānrèn shǒuxí cáiwùguān yǐ yǒu shí nián zhī jiǔ. He has served as Chief Financial Officer of this company for ten years. 她被邀请担任本届国际学术会议的主席。 Tā bèi yāoqǐng...
方便 (fāngbiàn) — convenient
方便 (fāngbiàn) 方便 means convenient or to be convenient. It describes something that is easy, practical, and saves time or effort. It can also function as a verb meaning to make things convenient or to accommodate. In colloquial Chinese it can also be a polite way to say "to use the toilet." Meanings [adjective] Convenient; easy to use or access; practical. [verb] To be convenient (for someone); to be suitable....
推测 (tuīcè) — Infer
推测 (tuīcè) 推测 means to draw a conclusion or make an inference based on available evidence or reasoning. Meanings [verb] to infer; to speculate; to deduce; to conjecture [noun] inference; speculation; conjecture Example Sentences 根据这些数据，我们可以推测市场的未来走向。 Gēnjù zhèxiē shùjù, wǒmen kěyǐ tuīcè shìchǎng de wèilái zǒuxiàng. Based on this data, we can infer the future direction of the market. 他推测天气可能会变，出门带了雨伞。 Tā tuīcè tiānqì kěnéng huì biàn, chūmén dàile yǔsǎn. He speculated...
报告 (bàogào) — report; to report
报告 (bàogào) 报告 means a report (noun) or to report (verb), referring to the formal presentation of information, findings, or updates to an audience or authority. Meanings [noun] a report; a presentation; a formal account [verb] to report; to present findings; to inform Example Sentences 他向经理提交了一份销售报告。 Tā xiàng jīnglǐ tíjiāole yī fèn xiāoshòu bàogào. He submitted a sales report to the manager. 她在会议上作了一个重要的工作报告。 Tā zài huìyì shàng zuòle yīgè zhòngyào...
骄傲 (jiāoào) — proud / arrogant
骄傲 (jiāoào) 骄傲 carries two contrasting meanings depending on context. Used with 为 (on behalf of someone), it expresses the positive feeling of being proud of another person's achievement. Used without that structure, it most often describes a person as arrogant or conceited. Tone and context determine which sense is intended. Meanings [adjective] Proud (positive) — feeling pride in someone or something. [adjective] Arrogant; conceited; self-important (negative) — thinking too...
季节 (jìjié) — season
季节 (jìjié) 季节 means season, referring to the four seasons: spring (春天), summer (夏天), autumn (秋天), and winter (冬天). 季 means a season or quarter and 节 means a festival or juncture. Meanings [noun] Season (of the year). Example Sentences 你最喜欢哪个季节？ Nǐ zuì xǐhuān nǎge jìjié? Which season do you like most? 秋天是我最喜欢的季节。 Qiūtiān shì wǒ zuì xǐhuān de jìjié. Autumn is my favorite season. 每个季节都有不同的水果。 Měi gè jìjié dōu...
粗鲁 (cūlǔ) — rude, crude
粗鲁 (cūlǔ) 粗鲁 describes behavior or speech that is rude, rough, or lacking in consideration for others, often carrying a strongly negative judgment. Meanings [adjective] rude, crude, rough, impolite, boorish Example Sentences 他说话很粗鲁，让大家都很不舒服。 Tā shuōhuà hěn cūlǔ, ràng dàjiā dōu hěn bù shūfu. He speaks very rudely, making everyone feel uncomfortable. 粗鲁的行为会让人失去朋友。 Cūlǔ de xíngwéi huì ràng rén shīqù péngyou. Rude behavior will cause people to lose friends. 不要对长辈说话粗鲁。 Bùyào...
城市 (chéngshì) — city
城市 (chéngshì) 城市 means city or urban area. It refers to a populated urban center as opposed to 农村 (nóngcūn, countryside) or 农村 (xiāngcūn, rural village). Both characters contribute to the meaning: 城 means a walled town or city, and 市 means market or municipality. Meanings [noun] City; urban area. Any significant populated urban settlement. Example Sentences 北京是中国最大的城市之一。 Běijīng shì Zhōngguó zuì dà de chéngshì zhī yī. Beijing is one...
标准 (biāozhǔn) — standard; criterion; up to standard
标准 (biāozhǔn) 标准 refers to a standard, criterion, or benchmark used to evaluate whether something meets a required level. As an adjective it means "standard" or "up to standard." It is used in quality control, language learning, and all situations where norms need to be established. Meanings [noun] Standard; criterion; benchmark; norm. [adjective] Standard; up to standard; correct. Example Sentences 这家工厂生产的产品完全符合国家质量标准。 Zhè jiā gōngchǎng shēngchǎn de chǎnpǐn wánquán fúhé guójiā...
你好吗 (nǐ hǎo ma) — how are you?
你好吗 (nǐ hǎo ma) 你好吗 is a greeting phrase meaning "how are you?" or literally "are you well?" It is the standard question for asking about someone's current wellbeing. Meanings [phrase] How are you? Are you well? (Asking about someone's health or general state.) Example Sentences A: 你好吗？ B: 我很好，谢谢！你呢？ A: Nǐ hǎo ma? B: Wǒ hěn hǎo, xièxiè! Nǐ ne? A: How are you? B: I am doing well,...
进行 (jìnxíng) — to carry out; to conduct
进行 (jìnxíng) 进行 is used to indicate that an activity is being carried out or is in progress, typically with more formal or planned actions. Meanings [verb] to carry out; to conduct; to undertake; to be in progress Example Sentences 会议正在进行中。 Huìyì zhèngzài jìnxíng zhōng. The meeting is currently in progress. 研究人员正在进行一项重要实验。 Yánjiū rényuán zhèngzài jìnxíng yī xiàng zhòngyào shíyàn. Researchers are conducting an important experiment. 比赛将在明天下午进行。 Bǐsài jiāng zài...
旅游 (lǚyóu) — to travel; tourism
旅游 (lǚyóu) 旅游 means to travel for pleasure or sightseeing, and also refers to tourism as an activity or industry. Meanings [verb] to travel; to go on a trip; to tour [noun] tourism; travel; a trip Example Sentences 我很喜欢旅游，每年都会去一个新地方。 Wǒ hěn xǐhuān lǚyóu, měi nián dōu huì qù yī gè xīn dìfāng. I love traveling and go to a new place every year. 他们去云南旅游了两个星期。 Tāmen qù Yúnnán lǚyóu le liǎng...
出现 (chūxiàn) — to appear / to emerge / to occur
出现 (chūxiàn) To come into existence or view; used when something appears, emerges, or occurs where it was not before. Meanings [verb] To appear, to come into view, to show up. [verb] To occur, to arise, to emerge (of a problem or situation). Example Sentences 天空中出现了一道彩虹。 Tiānkōng zhōng chūxiàn le yī dào cǎihóng. A rainbow appeared in the sky. 最近出现了一种新病毒。 Zuìjìn chūxiàn le yī zhǒng xīn bìngdú. A new virus...
都 (dōu) — all, both
都 (dōu) An adverb meaning "all" or "both." 都 indicates that a statement applies to every member of a group. It always comes before the verb, and the subject must be plural or refer to multiple things. Meanings [adverb] All, both. Applies the action or description collectively to every member of a group. 都 vs. 也: the key contrast 都 collects all subjects into one sweeping statement: "All of them...
新闻 (xīnwén) — news
新闻 (xīnwén) Information about recent events reported through media channels -- and by extension, the news industry and journalism itself. Meanings [noun] news, a news item [noun] the news media, journalism (as an institution) Example Sentences 他每天早上都会浏览最新的国际新闻。 Tā měitiān zǎoshang dōu huì liúlǎn zuìxīn de guójì xīnwén. He browses the latest international news every morning. 这条新闻迅速在社交媒体上引发了广泛讨论。 Zhè tiáo xīnwén xùnsù zài shèjiāo méitǐ shàng yǐnfāle guǎngfàn tǎolùn. This news item...
进 (jìn) — to enter / to go in
进 (jìn) A directional verb meaning "to enter" or "to go into" a place. It describes movement from outside to inside. Its antonym is 出 (chū), meaning "to exit" or "to go out." Meanings [verb] To enter, to go in, to come in. Example Sentences 请进，门没有关。 Qǐng jìn, mén méiyǒu guān. Please come in, the door is not closed. 他走进了教室。 Tā zǒu jìn le jiàoshì. He walked into the classroom....
反对 (fǎnduì) — Oppose
反对 (fǎnduì) 反对 means to oppose or object to something, expressing disagreement or resistance. Meanings [verb] to oppose; to object to; to be against; to disagree with Example Sentences 他坚决反对这个计划。 Tā jiānjué fǎnduì zhège jìhuà. He firmly opposes this plan. 很多人反对在这里建工厂。 Hěn duō rén fǎnduì zài zhèlǐ jiàn gōngchǎng. Many people oppose building a factory here. 她反对浪费食物，每次都吃得干干净净。 Tā fǎnduì làngfèi shíwù, měi cì dōu chī de gāngānjìngjìng. She is against...
癌症 (áizhèng) — cancer
癌症 (áizhèng) 癌症 is the general term for cancer in Chinese. It refers to diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells and is one of the most discussed serious medical conditions. Meanings [noun] cancer; a malignant disease caused by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells Example Sentences 早期发现癌症可以大大提高治愈率。 Zǎoqī fāxiàn áizhèng kěyǐ dàdà tígāo zhìyù lǜ. Early detection of cancer can greatly improve the cure rate. 他的父亲去年被诊断出患有肺癌症。 Tā de...
钱 (qián) — money
钱 (qián) 钱 means money. It is the everyday word for money in Mandarin, used for prices, payment, and wealth. The official currency unit 元 (yuán) is used in formal contexts, but 钱 covers money in general. Meanings [noun] Money, currency. Example Sentences 这个多少钱？ Zhège duōshao qián? How much does this cost? 我没有钱了。 Wǒ méiyǒu qián le. I have no money left. 他花了很多钱买书。 Tā huā le hěn duō qián mǎi...
统计 (tǒngjì) — statistics, to count
统计 (tǒngjì) 统计 refers to statistics as a body of data, and also means to compile or tally data systematically. Meanings [noun] statistics, statistical data [verb] to compile statistics, to count up, to tally Example Sentences 根据最新统计，这个城市有一千万人口。 Gēnjù zuìxīn tǒngjì, zhège chéngshì yǒu yīqiān wàn rénkǒu. According to the latest statistics, this city has a population of ten million. 我们需要统计一下参加会议的人数。 Wǒmen xūyào tǒngjì yīxià cānjiā huìyì de rénshù. We need...
概括 (gàikuò) — to generalize, to summarize
概括 (gàikuò) 概括 means to generalize or summarize, capturing the essential features or key points of something in broad, concise terms. It implies distilling complexity into a clear, representative statement. The word is used both for summarizing content and for characterizing something in a few defining terms. It is slightly more interpretive than 概述, as it often involves identifying the most salient features. Meanings [v] to generalize; to summarize; to...
油 (yóu) — oil
油 (yóu) 油 means oil. It covers cooking oil used in the kitchen, fuel for vehicles, and any oily or greasy substance. It has the water radical (氵) on the left because oil is a liquid. 加油 (to add oil) is also a very common cheer meaning "Go!" or "Keep it up!" Meanings [noun] Oil; cooking oil, fuel, or any greasy liquid substance. [adjective] Oily; greasy. Example Sentences 炒菜的时候要先放油。 Chǎocài...
合法 (héfǎ) — legal; lawful
合法 (héfǎ) 合法 means legal or lawful, describing actions, activities, organizations, or rights that conform to the law and are permitted or recognized by legal authority. Meanings [adjective] legal; lawful; legitimate; in accordance with the law Example Sentences 这家公司是经过工商注册的合法企业。 Zhè jiā gōngsī shì jīngguò gōngshāng zhùcè de héfǎ qǐyè. This company is a legally registered business. 公民有权通过合法途径维护自己的权益。 Gōngmín yǒuquán tōngguò héfǎ tújìng wéihù zìjǐ de quányì. Citizens have the right...
驳斥 (bóchì) — to refute; to rebuke
驳斥 (bóchì) 驳斥 means to refute or rebuke an argument, claim, or accusation, carrying a strong, forceful tone that implies not only disagreeing but actively countering and dismissing the opposing view. Meanings [verb] to refute; to rebuke; to repudiate forcefully [verb] to counterargue against; to reject with argument Example Sentences 政府发言人驳斥了媒体的相关报道，称其失实。 Zhèngfǔ fāyán rén bóchìle méitǐ de xiāngguān bàodào, chēng qí shīshí. The government spokesperson refuted the media reports, calling...
变化 (biànhuà) — change, variation
变化 (biànhuà) 变化 refers to change or variation as a process or observable phenomenon, often emphasizing the state of flux itself rather than the agent causing it. Meanings [noun] change, variation, transformation (as a phenomenon) [verb] to change, to vary, to fluctuate Example Sentences 近年来，中国城市面貌发生了巨大的变化。 Jìn nián lái, Zhōngguó chéngshì miànmào fāshēng le jùdà de biànhuà. In recent years, the appearance of Chinese cities has undergone enormous changes. 气候变化是当今世界面临的最大挑战之一。 Qìhòu...
平台 (píngtái) — platform; stage
平台 (píngtái) 平台 refers to a physical raised flat surface or, more commonly in modern usage, a digital or organizational platform that supports activity. Meanings [noun] Platform; stage; terrace (physical). [noun] Platform; base (for online services, business, or opportunities). Example Sentences 这个电商平台拥有数百万用户。 Zhège diànshāng píngtái yōngyǒu shù bǎi wàn yònghù. This e-commerce platform has millions of users. 公司为员工提供了一个展示才华的平台。 Gōngsī wèi yuángōng tígōngle yīgè zhǎnshì cáihuá de píngtái. The company provided...
精确 (jīngquè) — precise, accurate
精确 (jīngquè) 精确 means precise or accurate, describing information, measurements, or actions that are exact and free from error. Meanings [adjective] precise, accurate, exact Example Sentences 这台仪器的测量非常精确。 Zhè tái yíqì de cèliáng fēicháng jīngquè. The measurement of this instrument is very precise. 科学研究需要精确的数据。 Kēxué yánjiū xūyào jīngquè de shùjù. Scientific research requires accurate data. 他的翻译非常精确，没有任何错误。 Tā de fānyì fēicháng jīngquè, méiyǒu rènhé cuòwù. His translation is very accurate, without any...
质量 (zhìliàng) — quality
质量 (zhìliàng) 质量 refers to the quality or standard of a product, work, or effort. High 质量 means something is well-made or excellent; low 质量 means it is poor or substandard. Meanings [noun] Quality; standard. [noun] (Physics) Mass. Example Sentences 这个产品的质量非常好。 Zhège chǎnpǐn de zhìliàng fēicháng hǎo. The quality of this product is excellent. 我们要提高工作质量。 Wǒmen yào tígāo gōngzuò zhìliàng. We need to improve work quality. 别只看价格，要注意质量。 Bié zhǐ kàn...
复杂 (fùzá) — complicated
复杂 (fùzá) 复杂 describes something that is complex or complicated, involving many interwoven parts, factors, or relationships that make it hard to understand or deal with. Meanings [adjective] Complex; complicated; intricate. Example Sentences 这个问题很复杂，需要时间解决。 Zhège wèntí hěn fùzá, xūyào shíjiān jiějué. This problem is very complicated and requires time to solve. 情况比我想象的更复杂。 Qíngkuàng bǐ wǒ xiǎngxiàng de gèng fùzá. The situation is more complicated than I imagined. 汉字的书写规则比较复杂。 Hànzì de...
学校 (xuéxiào) — school
学校 (xuéxiào) A noun meaning school or educational institution. It is a general term that covers primary schools, middle schools, high schools, and universities. It combines 学 (learn/study) and 校 (school, institution). Meanings [noun] School, educational institution (general term). Example Sentences 我的学校离家很近。 Wǒ de xuéxiào lí jiā hěn jìn. My school is very close to home. 她在一所大学校工作。 Tā zài yī suǒ dà xuéxiào gōngzuò. She works at a large school....
妹妹 (mèimei) — younger sister
妹妹 (mèimei) 妹妹 means younger sister. It refers to a female sibling who is younger than the speaker. Meanings [noun] Younger sister, little sister. Example Sentences 我妹妹很可爱。 Wǒ mèimei hěn kě'ài. My younger sister is very cute. 妹妹喜欢唱歌。 Mèimei xǐhuān chànggē. My younger sister likes to sing. 你有妹妹吗？ Nǐ yǒu mèimei ma? Do you have a younger sister? 我的妹妹比我小五岁。 Wǒ de mèimei bǐ wǒ xiǎo wǔ suì. My younger sister...
过程 (guòchéng) — process; course; procedure
过程 (guòchéng) 过程 means "process," "course," or "procedure" and refers to a series of steps or stages through which something develops or is accomplished. Meanings [noun] process; course; procedure; progress Example Sentences 学习语言是一个漫长的过程。 Xuéxí yǔyán shì yīgè màncháng de guòchéng. Learning a language is a long process. 在这个过程中，我们遇到了很多困难。 Zài zhège guòchéng zhōng, wǒmen yùdào le hěn duō kùnnán. During this process, we encountered many difficulties. 生产过程必须严格控制质量。 Shēngchǎn guòchéng bìxū yángé...
一方面 (yī fāngmiàn) — on one hand
一方面 (yī fāngmiàn) 一方面 is a discourse marker used to introduce one aspect of a situation, typically paired with 另一方面 (lìng yī fāngmiàn) to contrast two perspectives at B2 level. Meanings [conjunction] on one hand; in one respect (introduces the first of two contrasting points) [adverb] from one angle or perspective Example Sentences 一方面，经济发展很重要；另一方面，环境保护也不能忽视。 Yī fāngmiàn, jīngjì fāzhǎn hěn zhòngyào; lìng yī fāngmiàn, huánjìng bǎohù yě bù néng hūshì. On...
又 (yòu) — again (past), also, both
又 (yòu) Used before a verb to indicate that something happened again (past repetition). Key contrast with 再 (zài): 又 describes repetition that has already occurred, while 再 describes repetition that will or should happen in the future. Meanings [adv] Again (past repetition): something happened one more time. [adv] Also, both, and (linking two attributes simultaneously). Example Sentences 他又来了。 Tā yòu lái le. He came again. 她又忘记了。 Tā yòu wàngjì...
管理 (guǎnlǐ) — management; to manage
管理 (guǎnlǐ) 管理 means to manage, administer, or supervise people, resources, or systems in an organised and responsible way. It functions as both a verb and a noun in Chinese. Meanings [verb] to manage; to administer; to oversee [noun] management; administration Example Sentences 企业要想持续发展，必须建立科学有效的管理制度。 Qǐyè yào xiǎng chíxù fāzhǎn, bìxū jiànlì kēxué yǒuxiào de guǎnlǐ zhìdù. For an enterprise to develop sustainably, it must establish a scientific and effective management...
放下 (fàngxia) — to put down / let go
放下 (fàngxia) 放下 means to put down or set something down. It is also used figuratively to mean letting go of a burden, worry, or grudge. 放 means to release or place, and 下 indicates a downward direction. Meanings [verb] To put down; to set down (physically place something on a surface). [verb] To let go of; to stop holding onto (a feeling, worry, or attachment). Example Sentences 请把手机放下，认真听课。 Qǐng...
社交媒体 (shèjiāo méitǐ) — social media
社交媒体 (shèjiāo méitǐ) 社交媒体 refers to social media platforms such as WeChat, Weibo, and TikTok. It is a neutral, widely used term in both journalism and casual conversation to describe online social networking services. Meanings [noun] social media; digital platforms for sharing content and connecting with others Example Sentences 很多人通过社交媒体了解新闻。 Hěn duō rén tōngguò shèjiāo méitǐ liǎojiě xīnwén. Many people learn about news through social media. 他每天花很多时间刷社交媒体。 Tā měitiān huā...
批评 (pīpíng) — to criticize; criticism
批评 (pīpíng) 批评 means to point out errors, faults, or problems with someone or something, ranging from constructive feedback to harsh condemnation. Meanings [verb] To criticize, to reproach, to find fault with. [noun] Criticism, critique, reproach. Example Sentences 这位导演的新作品受到了影评人的严厉批评，票房也十分惨淡。 Zhè wèi dǎoyǎn de xīn zuòpǐn shòudào le yǐngpíngrén de yánlì pīpíng, piàofáng yě shífēn cǎndàn. The director's new work received harsh criticism from film critics, and the box office was...
不但 (búdàn) — not only
不但 (búdàn) 不但 means "not only" and always introduces the first of two additive clauses. It is nearly always paired with 而且 (érqiě — but also) or 还 (hái — also) in the second clause, forming the "not only X, but also Y" pattern. Meanings [conjunction] Not only (used with 而且 or 还 in the second clause). Example Sentences 他不但聪明，而且很努力。 Tā búdàn cōngming, érqiě hěn nǔlì. He is not only...
论坛 (lùntán) — forum
论坛 (lùntán) 论坛 refers to any organized platform for discussion and debate, from high-level international conferences to internet message boards, making it one of the most versatile nouns in modern Chinese. Meanings [noun] forum; symposium (physical gathering for discussion) [noun] online forum; discussion board (internet context) Example Sentences 世界经济论坛每年在达沃斯举行。 Shìjiè jīngjì lùntán měi nián zài Dáwòsī jǔxíng. The World Economic Forum is held annually in Davos. 他在国际学术论坛上发表了重要演讲。 Tā zài guójì...
可能 (kěnéng) — possible / maybe
可能 (kěnéng) 可能 works both as an adjective meaning possible and as an adverb meaning maybe or possibly. When used as an adjective it follows 是 or describes a noun. When used as an adverb it precedes a verb or verb phrase to express uncertainty. Meanings [adjective] Possible; that can happen. [adverb] Maybe; possibly; perhaps. [noun] Possibility; chance. Example Sentences 他可能今天不来了。 Tā kěnéng jīntiān bù lái le. He possibly will...
专家 (zhuānjiā) — expert; specialist
专家 (zhuānjiā) 专家 refers to a person who has deep expertise or mastery in a particular field, equivalent to "expert" or "specialist" in English. Meanings [noun] an expert or specialist with advanced knowledge in a field Example Sentences 我们请了一位医学专家来给我们讲课。 Wǒmen qǐng le yī wèi yīxué zhuānjiā lái gěi wǒmen jiǎngkè. We invited a medical expert to give us a lecture. 这位专家在环境保护方面很有经验。 Zhè wèi zhuānjiā zài huánjìng bǎohù fāngmiàn hěn yǒu...
演变 (yǎnbiàn) — to evolve, to develop gradually
演变 (yǎnbiàn) 演变 describes the gradual evolution or development of something over time, typically used for historical, cultural, or social processes that unfold across extended periods. Meanings [verb] to evolve, to develop gradually, to change over time [noun] evolution, gradual development, historical change Example Sentences 汉字经过几千年的演变，形成了今天的样貌。 Hànzì jīngguò jǐ qiān nián de yǎnbiàn, xíngchéng le jīntiān de yànmào. Chinese characters evolved over thousands of years to take on their present...
关键 (guānjiàn) — key, crucial
关键 (guānjiàn) 关键 refers to the key, decisive, or most critical element in a situation or problem, the factor whose presence or absence determines the outcome. Meanings [noun] key, crucial element, decisive factor [adjective] key, critical, decisive (as in 关键时刻, critical moment) Example Sentences 解决这一问题的关键在于找到各方利益的平衡点。 Jiějué zhè yī wèntí de guānjiàn zàiyú zhǎodào gè fāng lìyì de pínghéng diǎn. The key to solving this problem lies in finding the balance...
药 (yào) — medicine
药 (yào) 药 means medicine or medication. It refers to any substance taken to treat illness or pain, including both Western pharmaceuticals and traditional Chinese remedies. Meanings [noun] Medicine; medication; drug; remedy. Example Sentences 医生给我开了一些药。 Yīshēng gěi wǒ kāi le yīxiē yào. The doctor prescribed some medicine for me. 你吃药了吗？ Nǐ chī yào le ma? Did you take your medicine? 这种药要饭后服用。 Zhè zhǒng yào yào fàn hòu fúyòng. This medicine...
用 (yòng) — to use, using, with
用 (yòng) As a verb it means to use or to employ something. As a preposition it introduces the instrument or method, similar to "with" or "using." It is one of the most common and versatile words in Mandarin. Meanings [verb] To use, to employ. [prep] With, by means of, using. Example Sentences 我用筷子吃饭。 Wǒ yòng kuàizi chīfàn. I eat with chopsticks. 你可以用我的手机。 Nǐ kěyǐ yòng wǒ de shǒujī. You...
安慰 (ānwèi) — Comfort
安慰 (ānwèi) 安慰 means to comfort or console someone who is sad, worried, or distressed. Meanings [verb] to comfort; to console; to soothe [noun] comfort; consolation; solace Example Sentences 朋友的话给了她很大的安慰。 Péngyǒu de huà gěile tā hěn dà de ānwèi. Her friend's words gave her great comfort. 她失败后，家人纷纷赶来安慰她。 Tā shībài hòu, jiārén fēnfēn gǎn lái ānwèi tā. After she failed, her family all rushed over to comfort her. 有时候，一个拥抱胜过千言万语的安慰。 Yǒu shíhòu,...
部分 (bùfen) — part / portion / section
部分 (bùfen) 部分 refers to a part, portion, or section of a larger whole. It is used to indicate that something applies to only some, not all, of a group or thing. The tone on 分 is neutral (bùfen, not bùfèn) in most standard speech. Meanings [noun] Part; portion; section; segment. [noun] Some (a subset of a group), as in "part of the students." Example Sentences 这只是整个计划的一部分。 Zhè zhǐshì zhěnggè...
努力 (nǔlì) — work hard; diligent; effort
努力 (nǔlì) 努力 is a versatile word used as a verb (to work hard), adjective (diligent), or noun (effort). As a verb it often precedes another verb to show the manner of action: 努力学习 (study hard). As a noun it appears after 付出 (put in effort) or 经过 (through effort). Meanings [v/adj] Work hard; be diligent — exert great effort toward a goal. [n] Effort; hard work — the energy...
具体 (jùtǐ) — specific, concrete
具体 (jùtǐ) 具体 describes something that is clearly defined, detailed, and tangible rather than vague, general, or abstract, often implying practical specificity. Meanings [adjective] specific, concrete, detailed [adverb] specifically, concretely, in detail Example Sentences 请你具体说明一下这个计划的实施步骤。 Qǐng nǐ jùtǐ shuōmíng yīxià zhège jìhuà de shíshī bùzhòu. Please explain the implementation steps of this plan in specific detail. 你的建议太抽象了，能给出一些具体的例子吗？ Nǐ de jiànyì tài chōuxiàng le, néng gěi chū yīxiē jùtǐ de lìzi...
目的 (mùdì) — purpose; objective; aim
目的 (mùdì) 目的 means the purpose, objective, or aim of an action, describing the intended goal behind doing something. Meanings [noun] purpose; objective; aim; the intended result or goal of an action Example Sentences 我们学习的目的是为了增长知识。 Wǒmen xuéxí de mùdì shì wèile zēngzhǎng zhīshì. The purpose of our learning is to increase knowledge. 他此行的目的是拜访老朋友。 Tā cǐ xíng de mùdì shì bàifǎng lǎo péngyǒu. The purpose of his trip is to visit...
表明 (biǎomíng) — to indicate; to make clear; to show
表明 (biǎomíng) 表明 means "to indicate," "to make clear," or "to show" and is used when someone or something clearly demonstrates or states a position, attitude, or fact. Meanings [verb] to indicate; to show clearly [verb] to make clear; to express; to state explicitly Example Sentences 他的行动表明他非常认真。 Tā de xíngdòng biǎomíng tā fēicháng rènzhēn. His actions show that he is very serious. 调查结果表明这个方法有效。 Diàochá jiéguǒ biǎomíng zhège fāngfǎ yǒuxiào. The...
往 (wǎng) — toward / in the direction of
往 (wǎng) 往 is a preposition meaning toward or in the direction of. It indicates the direction in which movement or action proceeds. It often precedes directional words like 前 (forward), 后 (backward), 左 (left), 右 (right), and 上 (up). Compare with 向 (xiàng), which is very similar but slightly more formal. Meanings [preposition] Toward; in the direction of; going to. Example Sentences 往前走一百米就到了。 Wǎng qián zǒu yībǎi mǐ jiù...
紧张 (jǐnzhāng) — tense; nervous; tight; in short supply
紧张 (jǐnzhāng) 紧张 covers both the internal feeling of nervousness or anxiety and the external state of tension, tightness, or scarcity. Meanings [adjective] Nervous; anxious (about a person's mental state). [adjective] Tense; strained (about a situation or relationship). [adjective] In short supply; tight (about resources or time). Example Sentences 考试前我总是很紧张。 Kǎoshì qián wǒ zǒng shì hěn jǐnzhāng. I am always very nervous before exams. 两国之间的关系十分紧张。 Liǎng guó zhījiān de guānxi...
即便 (jíbiàn) — even if
即便 (jíbiàn) 即便 is a conjunction used to introduce a hypothetical or concessive condition, meaning "even if" or "even though," often paired with 也 in the result clause. Meanings [conjunction] even if; even though (introduces a concession) Example Sentences 即便下雨，比赛也会照常进行。 Jíbiàn xià yǔ, bǐsài yě huì zhàocháng jìnxíng. Even if it rains, the match will proceed as scheduled. 即便你不同意，这个决定已经做出了。 Jíbiàn nǐ bù tóngyì, zhège juédìng yǐjīng zuòchū le. Even if...
进而 (jìn'ér) — furthermore; and then; going further
进而 (jìn'ér) 进而 is a formal conjunctive adverb that introduces a further step, consequence, or development following logically from what was previously stated, implying a natural progression or escalation. Meanings [conjunction] furthermore; and then; going a step further; thereby Example Sentences 他先掌握了基础知识，进而开始研究更复杂的理论。 Tā xiān zhǎngwòle jīchǔ zhīshi, jìn'ér kāishǐ yánjiū gèng fùzá de lǐlùn. He first mastered the basic knowledge and then went on to study more complex theories. 这项技术降低了生产成本，进而提高了企业的市场竞争力。...
支持 (zhīchí) — to support
支持 (zhīchí) 支持 means to support or back someone or something. It can be emotional support, financial backing, or endorsing an idea or decision. It is used in both personal and formal contexts. In Chinese culture expressing 支持 openly is a warm and important social gesture. Whether cheering for a friend, endorsing a coworker's proposal, or backing a charity, 支持 signals solidarity and encouragement. Meanings [verb] To support; to back;...
偶尔 (ǒu'ěr) — occasionally / once in a while
偶尔 (ǒu'ěr) An adverb meaning something happens from time to time, but not regularly — infrequently or on rare occasions. Meanings [adverb] Occasionally, once in a while, now and then. [adverb] Seldom, rarely (but not never). Example Sentences 我偶尔去看电影放松一下。 Wǒ ǒu'ěr qù kàn diànyǐng fàngsōng yīxià. I occasionally go to watch movies to relax. 他平时不喝酒，偶尔喝一点儿。 Tā píngshí bù hējiǔ, ǒu'ěr hē yīdiǎnr. He doesn't usually drink, but occasionally has a...
综述 (zōngshù) — to synthesize; review article
综述 (zōngshù) 综述 means to synthesize or provide a comprehensive review, especially of existing research or developments in a field. As a noun, it refers to a review article or literature review — a scholarly work that surveys and synthesizes the existing body of research on a topic. It is a fundamental term in Chinese academic writing and research methodology. Meanings [v] to synthesize; to provide a comprehensive review of...
不客气 (bú kèqi) — you're welcome
不客气 (bú kèqi) 不客气 is the standard polite response to 谢谢 (thank you). It literally means "don't be polite" or "no need for formality," making it feel warmer than a simple "you're welcome." Note the tone change: 不 is normally bù (4th tone) but becomes bú (2nd tone) before another 4th-tone syllable. Meanings [phrase] You're welcome; don't mention it. Used as a reply to thanks. [phrase] Don't be so polite;...
超市 (chāoshì) — supermarket
超市 (chāoshì) A supermarket, a large self-service store selling food, household goods, and other everyday items. 超市 is short for 超级市场 (chāojí shìchǎng). Meanings [noun] Supermarket. A large retail store stocking a wide variety of goods including food and household products. Example Sentences 我每周去超市买东西。 Wǒ měi zhōu qù chāoshì mǎi dōngxi. I go to the supermarket every week to buy things. 超市里有苹果吗？ Chāoshì lǐ yǒu píngguǒ ma? Does the supermarket...
城市 (chéngshì) — city; urban area
城市 (chéngshì) 城市 refers to a city or urban area as opposed to the countryside or rural regions. Meanings [noun] City; urban area; town. Example Sentences 上海是中国最大的城市之一。 Shànghǎi shì Zhōngguó zuì dà de chéngshì zhī yī. Shanghai is one of the largest cities in China. 越来越多的人搬到城市生活。 Yuè lái yuè duō de rén bāndào chéngshì shēnghuó. More and more people are moving to cities to live. 这座城市的交通非常方便。 Zhè zuò chéngshì de...
只有 (zhǐyǒu) — only if / only when
只有 (zhǐyǒu) 只有 means only or only if/when. It sets a single necessary condition. It almost always pairs with 才 in the second clause to mean "only when [condition], then [result]." Without 才, it can mean "there is only" one option or thing. Meanings [conjunction] Only if; only when (used in 只有...才... pattern to express a necessary condition). [adverb phrase] There is only; the only one. Example Sentences 只有努力学习，才能取得好成绩。 Zhǐyǒu...
研发 (yánfā) — research and development
研发 (yánfā) 研发 is the abbreviation of 研究与开发 (research and development), and refers to the systematic activity of researching and developing new technologies, products, or processes. Meanings [verb] to research and develop (a technology or product) [noun] research and development; R&D Example Sentences 该公司每年将营业额的15%投入研发。 Gāi gōngsī měi nián jiāng yíngyè é de 15% tóurù yánfā. The company invests 15% of its annual revenue into R&D. 这款新药历经十年研发，终于获批上市。 Zhè kuǎn xīn yào...
参加 (cānjiā) — to participate
参加 (cānjiā) 参加 means to take part in an organized activity, event, or group. It is used for competitions, meetings, classes, clubs, and social events. Meanings [verb] To participate in; to take part in; to attend. [verb] To join (an organization or group). Example Sentences 他参加了这次比赛。 Tā cānjiā le zhècì bǐsài. He participated in this competition. 你会参加明天的会议吗？ Nǐ huì cānjiā míngtiān de huìyì ma? Will you attend tomorrow's meeting? 她参加了学校的合唱团。...
块 (kuài) — measure word for chunks and yuan
块 (kuài) A measure word used for chunks, lumps, or pieces of things, and also the spoken form of the Chinese currency unit yuan (元). 块 is extremely common in everyday speech. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for chunks, pieces, or lumps of solid material. [measure word] Spoken form of yuan (RMB currency unit). In speech, 块 replaces the formal 元. What 块 counts 块 is used with: 西瓜 (xīguā): watermelon...
以前 (yǐqián) — before / in the past / previously
以前 (yǐqián) A time reference word meaning "before" a stated point in time, or "in the past" when used without a specific reference. Always refers to time earlier than the reference point. Meanings [noun/adverb] Before (a specific time), prior to. [noun/adverb] In the past, previously, formerly. Example Sentences 吃饭以前，要洗手。 Chīfàn yǐqián, yào xǐ shǒu. Before eating, you should wash your hands. 以前，我不喜欢蔬菜。 Yǐqián, wǒ bù xǐhuān shūcài. In the past,...
面条 (miàntiáo) — noodles
面条 (miàntiáo) 面条 means noodles. 面 means flour or dough and 条 is the measure word for long, thin, strip-shaped items. Together they describe strips of dough: noodles. A beloved and essential Chinese food. Meanings [noun] Noodles. Example Sentences 我中午想吃面条。 Wǒ zhōngwǔ xiǎng chī miàntiáo. I want to eat noodles at noon. 妈妈做的面条很好吃。 Māma zuò de miàntiáo hěn hǎochī. The noodles mom makes are delicious. 他每天早上都吃面条。 Tā měitiān zǎoshang dōu...
鼓舞 (gǔwǔ) — to inspire; to encourage; inspiring
鼓舞 (gǔwǔ) 鼓舞 means to inspire, encourage, or uplift someone, bringing about a heightened sense of motivation and energy, and is widely used in speeches, narratives, and motivational contexts at B2 level. Meanings [verb] to inspire; to encourage; to uplift; to hearten [noun] inspiration; encouragement; an uplifting influence [adjective] inspiring; heartening (used in 令人鼓舞 constructions) Example Sentences 英雄们的事迹极大地鼓舞了全国人民的士气。 Yīngxióngmen de shìjì jídà de gǔwǔle quánguó rénmín de shìqì. The deeds...
发 (fā) — to send / emit / issue
发 (fā) 发 is a high-frequency multi-meaning verb. Its core idea is sending out or giving off something, whether that is a message, heat, light, or growth. Note: as fà it means hair, but at HSK 3 the fā reading is primary. Meanings [verb] To send; to dispatch (a message, email, parcel). [verb] To emit; to give off (heat, light, sound). [verb] To issue; to hand out (documents, certificates). Example...
创新 (chuàngxīn) — innovation, to innovate
创新 (chuàngxīn) 创新 refers to the introduction of something genuinely new -- whether ideas, methods, products, or systems -- that represents a significant departure from what existed before. Meanings [noun] innovation [verb] to innovate, to introduce something new Example Sentences 科技创新是推动经济高质量发展的重要引擎。 Kējì chuàngxīn shì tuīdòng jīngjì gāo zhìliàng fāzhǎn de zhòngyào yǐnqíng. Technological innovation is an important engine driving high-quality economic development. 这家公司鼓励员工大胆创新，不怕失败。 Zhè jiā gōngsī gǔlì yuángōng dàdǎn chuàngxīn,...
尊重 (zūnzhòng) — to respect
尊重 (zūnzhòng) 尊重 means to respect or show esteem toward someone or something, and is used both as a verb and a noun in everyday Chinese. Meanings [verb] to respect; to show respect for [noun] respect; esteem Example Sentences 我们应该尊重老人。 Wǒmen yīnggāi zūnzhòng lǎorén. We should respect the elderly. 尊重别人的意见很重要。 Zūnzhòng biérén de yìjiàn hěn zhòngyào. Respecting others' opinions is very important. 他赢得了大家的尊重。 Tā yíngdéle dàjiā de zūnzhòng. He earned...
研究 (yánjiū) — to research; research
研究 (yánjiū) 研究 means to study something in depth or systematically, and also functions as a noun meaning "research." Meanings [verb] to research; to study; to investigate [noun] research; study; investigation Example Sentences 他正在研究中国古代历史。 Tā zhèngzài yánjiū Zhōngguó gǔdài lìshǐ. He is currently researching ancient Chinese history. 这个研究成果对医学很有帮助。 Zhège yánjiū chéngguǒ duì yīxué hěn yǒu bāngzhù. This research result is very helpful for medicine. 我们需要认真研究这个问题。 Wǒmen xūyào rènzhēn yánjiū zhège...
昨天 (zuótiān) — yesterday
昨天 (zuótiān) 昨天 means yesterday, the day before today. It is placed at the beginning of a sentence or before the verb as a time expression. Meanings [noun/adverb] Yesterday, the previous day. Example Sentences 昨天我去了图书馆。 Zuótiān wǒ qù le túshūguǎn. Yesterday I went to the library. 她昨天没有来上课。 Tā zuótiān méiyǒu lái shàngkè. She did not come to class yesterday. 你昨天晚上做什么了？ Nǐ zuótiān wǎnshang zuò shénme le? What did you do...
更加 (gèngjiā) — even more; still more; all the more
更加 (gèngjiā) 更加 is an adverb meaning "even more" or "all the more," used when a quality increases beyond a level that has already been established or mentioned. Meanings [adverb] even more; still more; all the more (used to indicate that a degree becomes higher or stronger than a previously mentioned or implied level) Usage Note 更加 is placed before an adjective or verb. It requires a context or contrast...
读 (dú) — to read (aloud); to study
读 (dú) 读 primarily means to read aloud or to read text, and also means to study or attend school. It differs from 看 (kàn), which means to look at or read silently. 读书 can mean either "read a book" or "go to school/study." Meanings [verb] To read (aloud or with attention). [verb] To study, to attend school (in 读书 or 读大学). Example Sentences 请跟我读这个句子。 Qǐng gēn wǒ dú zhège...
衰退 (shuāituì) — to decline; recession
衰退 (shuāituì) 衰退 describes a gradual weakening or deterioration of something -- most often an economy, physical capacity, or social system -- and is a key term in economic and health-related discourse. Meanings [verb] to decline; to deteriorate; to weaken [noun] recession; decline; deterioration Example Sentences 全球经济正面临衰退的风险。 Quánqiú jīngjì zhèng miànlín shuāituì de fēngxiǎn. The global economy is facing the risk of recession. 老年人的记忆力会随年龄增长而衰退。 Lǎonián rén de jìyìlì huì suí...
倡导 (chàngdǎo) — to advocate; to promote
倡导 (chàngdǎo) 倡导 means to actively promote or advocate for a particular idea, value, practice, or cause, often used when someone or an organization takes a leading role in encouraging others to adopt a behavior or belief. Meanings [verb] to advocate; to promote; to champion (to actively encourage or promote an idea, value, or behavior) Example Sentences 政府大力倡导健康生活方式，鼓励市民多运动、少喝酒、戒烟。 Zhèngfǔ dàlì chàngdǎo jiànkāng shēnghuó fāngshì, gǔlì shìmín duō yùndòng, shǎo hējiǔ,...
培养 (péiyǎng) — to cultivate; to train; to develop
培养 (péiyǎng) 培养 means to cultivate, train, or develop a person or quality over time through deliberate effort and care. Meanings [verb] to cultivate or nurture (talent, ability, habits) [verb] to train or develop (a person, skill, or interest) Example Sentences 学校要培养学生的创造力。 Xuéxiào yào péiyǎng xuéshēng de chuàngzàolì. The school aims to cultivate students' creativity. 父母应该培养孩子的好习惯。 Fùmǔ yīnggāi péiyǎng háizi de hǎo xíguàn. Parents should develop good habits in their...
工具 (gōngjù) — tool; instrument
工具 (gōngjù) 工具 refers to any physical or abstract tool used to get work done, from a hammer to a language. Meanings [noun] tool; instrument; implement [noun] means; vehicle (for achieving something) Example Sentences 这个工具箱里有很多工具。 Zhège gōngjùxiāng lǐ yǒu hěn duō gōngjù. There are many tools in this toolbox. 语言是人类交流的重要工具。 Yǔyán shì rénlèi jiāoliú de zhòngyào gōngjù. Language is an important tool for human communication. 他用工具把椅子修好了。 Tā yòng gōngjù bǎ...
说清楚 (shuō qīngchǔ) — say clearly / explain clearly
说清楚 (shuō qīngchǔ) 说清楚 is a verb-complement structure. 说 (to speak / say) is the base verb and 清楚 (clear / clearly) is the result complement, showing that the act of speaking achieves clarity. The negative form 说不清楚 means "can't explain clearly." 没说清楚 means "didn't explain clearly." Structure 说 (speak) + 清楚 (result complement: clear) = speak with the result of being clear. Other complements that can follow 说: 说完...
大家 (dàjiā) — everyone; everybody
大家 (dàjiā) 大家 means "everyone" or "everybody," referring to all members of a group present in the context. It is used both as a subject and as an object, and it is common in speeches, announcements, and group conversations. Meanings [pronoun] Everyone; everybody. Refers to all the people in a given group or context. Example Sentences 大家好！ Dàjiā hǎo! Hello everyone! 请大家安静一下。 Qǐng dàjiā ānjìng yīxià. Everyone please be quiet...
否则 (fǒuzé) — otherwise
否则 (fǒuzé) 否则 means otherwise or or else — it states the negative consequence that will follow if the condition or instruction in the first clause is not fulfilled. Meanings [conjunction] Otherwise; or else; if not. Example Sentences 快点，否则就迟到了。 Kuài diǎn, fǒuzé jiù chídào le. Hurry up, otherwise you'll be late. 你必须认真复习，否则考试会不及格。 Nǐ bìxū rènzhēn fùxí, fǒuzé kǎoshì huì bù jígé. You must review carefully, otherwise you'll fail the exam....
探究 (tànjiū) — to investigate; to explore; to probe
探究 (tànjiū) 探究 means to investigate or explore something deeply and systematically, especially to probe into the causes, essence, or truth of a phenomenon or problem, often with intellectual curiosity and rigor. Meanings [verb] to investigate; to explore; to probe; to inquire deeply into (the causes or essence of something) Example Sentences 科学家们正在努力探究宇宙起源的秘密，试图回答人类最古老的问题之一。 Kēxuéjiāmen zhèngzài nǔlì tànjiū yǔzhòu qǐyuán de mìmì, shìtú huídá rénlèi zuì gǔlǎo de wèntí zhī yī....
商量 (shāngliang) — to discuss; to consult; to talk over
商量 (shāngliang) 商量 describes the informal process of talking something through with another person in order to reach a shared decision or understanding. Meanings [verb] To discuss, to consult, to talk over, to deliberate together. Example Sentences 在做出这么重大的决定之前，他应该先和家人好好商量一下。 Zài zuòchū zhème zhòngdà de juédìng zhīqián, tā yīnggāi xiān hé jiārén hǎohǎo shāngliang yīxià. Before making such an important decision, he should first discuss it thoroughly with his family. 合同的条款还需要双方进一步商量，目前尚未达成最终协议。 Hétong...
努力 (nǔlì) — to work hard; effort; diligently
努力 (nǔlì) 努力 describes the sustained application of energy and determination toward a goal, and can function as a verb, noun, or adverb. Meanings [verb] To work hard, to make an effort, to strive. [noun] Effort, hard work, endeavor. [adverb] Diligently, hard, with effort. Example Sentences 尽管她天资平平，但凭借不懈的努力，最终考上了理想的大学。 Jǐnguǎn tā tiānzī píngpíng, dàn píngjiè bùxiè de nǔlì, zuìzhōng kǎo shàng le lǐxiǎng de dàxué. Despite her average natural ability, through relentless...
根据 (gēnjù) — according to; based on; basis
根据 (gēnjù) 根据 introduces the source, evidence, or basis upon which an action or conclusion rests, and also functions as a noun meaning a foundation or grounds. Meanings [preposition] According to, based on, in accordance with. [noun] Basis, grounds, evidence, foundation. Example Sentences 根据最新的调查报告，超过半数的受访者对现有的医疗服务不满意。 Gēnjù zuìxīn de diàochá bàogào, chāoguò bànshù de shòufǎng zhě duì xiànyǒu de yīliáo fúwù bù mǎnyì. According to the latest survey report, more than half...
处于 (chǔyú) — Be in a state of
处于 (chǔyú) 处于 means to be in or find oneself in a particular state, condition, or position. Meanings [verb] to be in (a state/condition/situation); to find oneself at (a position) Example Sentences 公司目前处于快速发展阶段。 Gōngsī mùqián chǔyú kuàisù fāzhǎn jiēduàn. The company is currently in a stage of rapid development. 他处于一种很矛盾的状态，不知道该怎么选择。 Tā chǔyú yī zhǒng hěn máodùn de zhuàngtài, bù zhīdào gāi zěnme xuǎnzé. He is in a very conflicted state...
消息 (xiāoxi) — news; information
消息 (xiāoxi) 消息 refers to a piece of news or information, often about something that has just happened or been learned. Meanings [noun] news; information; message; word (about something) Example Sentences 你听说了吗？有个好消息！ Nǐ tīngshuō le ma? Yǒu gè hǎo xiāoxi! Did you hear? There is good news! 这条消息传得很快，大家都知道了。 Zhè tiáo xiāoxi chuán de hěn kuài, dàjiā dōu zhīdào le. This piece of news spread very quickly and everyone knows now....
段 (duàn) — section; segment; paragraph (measure word)
段 (duàn) 段 is a measure word for sections or segments cut from a longer whole. It counts stretches of road (一段路), paragraphs of text (一段话 / 一段文章), periods of time (一段时间), and segments of things like rope or pipe. The key idea is a delimited portion cut from something continuous. Meanings [mw] Section; segment — a portion of something continuous (road, text, rope, timeline). [mw] Paragraph; passage — used...
既然 (jìrán) — since
既然 (jìrán) 既然 means "since" or "now that" — it accepts an established fact or situation as a premise, then draws a logical or practical conclusion. It is paired with 就 (jiù) or 那就 (nà jiù) in the second clause. Meanings [conjunction] Since; now that; given that; seeing that (accepting a fact as a premise). Example Sentences 既然来了，就多待几天吧。 Jìrán lái le, jiù duō dāi jǐ tiān ba. Since you're already...
污染 (wūrǎn) — Pollution, to pollute
污染 (wūrǎn) 污染 refers to the introduction of harmful substances or contaminants into the natural environment, and also the act of causing such contamination. Meanings [noun] pollution; contamination [verb] to pollute; to contaminate; to taint Example Sentences 工业排放是城市空气污染的主要原因之一。 Gōngyè páifàng shì chéngshì kōngqì wūrǎn de zhǔyào yuányīn zhī yī. Industrial emissions are one of the main causes of urban air pollution. 河流污染威胁着当地居民的饮用水安全。 Héliú wūrǎn wēixiézhe dāngdì jūmín de yǐnyòng shuǐ...
技能 (jìnéng) — skill; technical ability
技能 (jìnéng) 技能 refers to a practical skill or technical ability that is acquired through training, study, or practice, and can be applied in work or daily life. Meanings [noun] skill; technical ability; practical competency Example Sentences 在数字化时代，掌握基本的计算机技能已经成为职场的基本要求。 Zài shùzìhuà shídài, zhǎngwò jīběn de jìsuànjī jìnéng yǐjīng chéngwéi zhíchǎng de jīběn yāoqiú. In the digital age, mastering basic computer skills has become a basic requirement in the workplace. 职业培训学校帮助年轻人掌握实用技能，为他们进入劳动力市场做好准备。 Zhíyè...
伦理 (lúnlǐ) — ethics; moral principles
伦理 (lúnlǐ) 伦理 refers to the moral principles and standards that govern human behavior and relationships, encompassing both individual ethics and broader philosophical frameworks for distinguishing right from wrong. Meanings [noun] ethics; moral principles (the system of moral values governing behavior and relationships) [noun] ethical norms (standards of right conduct in specific professional or social contexts) Example Sentences 人工智能的快速发展引发了关于算法伦理和数据隐私的深层讨论。 Réngōng zhìnéng de kuàisù fāzhǎn yǐnfāle guānyú suànfǎ lúnlǐ hé shùjù...
框架 (kuàngjià) — framework, structure
框架 (kuàngjià) 框架 refers to a framework, structure, or skeleton — the essential structural elements that define and support a system, plan, argument, or building. In intellectual and policy discourse, it often refers to conceptual frameworks, theoretical structures, or institutional arrangements. It is metaphorically extended from the physical meaning (frame of a building or picture). Meanings [n] framework, structure (the organizational skeleton of a system or argument) [n] frame, skeleton...
证书 (zhèngshū) — certificate; credential
证书 (zhèngshū) 证书 means "certificate" or "credential" and refers to an official document that proves a qualification, achievement, or authorization. Meanings [noun] certificate; credential; diploma; license Example Sentences 她获得了汉语水平考试的证书。 Tā huòdé le Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì de zhèngshū. She obtained a certificate from the Chinese Proficiency Test. 申请这份工作需要提交相关证书。 Shēnqǐng zhè fèn gōngzuò xūyào tíjiāo xiāngguān zhèngshū. Applying for this job requires submitting relevant certificates. 他的办公室挂着各种专业证书。 Tā de bàngōngshì guà zhe gèzhǒng...
还 (hái) — still, also, in addition
还 (hái) A versatile adverb with three main uses: "still" (an action continues), "also/in addition" (adding to a list), and "even" (for comparisons). Context determines which meaning applies. Meanings [adverb] Still. Indicates that a situation or action is continuing. [adverb] Also, in addition. Adds more information to a list or description. [adverb] Even (in comparisons). Indicates something is more so than previously stated. Three uses illustrated Use 1: Still (continuing)...
奶奶 (nǎinai) — paternal grandmother
奶奶 (nǎinai) 奶奶 specifically means your father's mother (paternal grandmother). Chinese family terms are precise about which side of the family a relative belongs to. The maternal grandmother is 外婆 (wàipó) or 姥姥 (lǎolao). Meanings [noun] Paternal grandmother (father's mother). Example Sentences 我奶奶住在北京。 Wǒ nǎinai zhù zài Běijīng. My grandmother lives in Beijing. 奶奶做的饺子最好吃。 Nǎinai zuò de jiǎozi zuì hǎochī. Grandma's dumplings are the most delicious. 我每个周末都去看奶奶。 Wǒ měi gè...
依赖 (yīlài) — to rely on; to depend on; dependence
依赖 (yīlài) 依赖 describes a state of needing someone or something for support, functioning, or well-being, and can imply either healthy reliance or unhealthy dependence. Meanings [verb] To rely on, to depend on, to be dependent on. [noun] Dependence, reliance. Example Sentences 过度依赖智能手机导致许多人失去了独立思考和解决问题的能力。 Guòdù yīlài zhìnéng shǒujī dǎozhì xǔduō rén shīqù le dúlì sīkǎo hé jiějué wèntí de nénglì. Excessive dependence on smartphones has caused many people to lose their...
取 (qǔ) — to take / to fetch
取 (qǔ) 取 means to take, fetch, or retrieve something that is available or waiting. It implies going to get something that already belongs to you or has been prepared. It is often paired with objects like money, packages, or documents. Meanings [verb] To take; to fetch; to retrieve; to pick up. [verb] To obtain; to get (in set expressions). Example Sentences 我去银行取钱。 Wǒ qù yínháng qǔ qián. I am...
便宜 (piányí) — cheap / inexpensive
便宜 (piányí) An adjective meaning "cheap" or "inexpensive." It describes a price that is low or affordable. Note: in this meaning, 便 is read as pián, not biàn. Its antonym is 贵 (guì), meaning "expensive." Meanings [adjective] Cheap, inexpensive, affordable (in price). Example Sentences 这家店的东西很便宜。 Zhè jiā diàn de dōngxi hěn piányí. The things in this shop are very cheap. 这条裤子比那条便宜多了。 Zhè tiáo kùzi bǐ nà tiáo piányí duō le....
传统 (chuántǒng) — tradition; traditional
传统 (chuántǒng) 传统 refers to customs, beliefs, and practices that have been inherited and passed down through generations. As an adjective it means "traditional." It carries a generally positive connotation of cultural continuity, though it can also imply something outdated in certain contexts. Meanings [noun] Tradition; convention; heritage. [adjective] Traditional; conventional; classic. Example Sentences 春节是中国最重要的传统节日，有着几千年的历史。 Chūnjié shì Zhōngguó zuì zhòngyào de chuántǒng jiérì, yǒuzhe jǐ qiān nián de lìshǐ. The...
千 (qiān) — thousand
千 (qiān) The word for one thousand; it behaves just like 百, requiring 零 for internal gaps (一千零五 = 1,005). In prices and everyday speech, 千 is extremely common since many goods cost in the hundreds or thousands of yuan. Meanings [number] Thousand, one thousand. [adjective] Innumerable, vast (in idioms: 千万, ten million; also "by all means / absolutely"). Example Sentences 这台电脑要三千块钱。 Zhè tái diànnǎo yào sān qiān kuài qián....
解说 (jiěshuō) — to explain; to comment; to narrate
解说 (jiěshuō) 解说 means "to explain," "to comment," or "to narrate" and is often used for providing spoken commentary or interpretation of events, exhibits, or broadcasts. Meanings [verb] to explain; to interpret; to provide commentary [noun] commentary; narration; explanation Example Sentences 导游正在解说这座古建筑的历史。 Dǎoyóu zhèngzài jiěshuō zhè zuò gǔ jiànzhú de lìshǐ. The tour guide is explaining the history of this ancient building. 比赛时有专业解说员为观众讲解。 Bǐsài shí yǒu zhuānyè jiěshuō yuán wèi...
分钟 (fēnzhōng) — minute (duration)
分钟 (fēnzhōng) A measure word for expressing the duration of time in minutes. Contrast with 分 (fēn), which refers to the clock position (e.g., 3:05). Meanings [measure word / noun] Minute(s) of duration (how long something takes). Example Sentences 从这里走到学校只需要十分钟。 Cóng zhèlǐ zǒu dào xuéxiào zhǐ xūyào shí fēnzhōng. It only takes ten minutes to walk from here to school. 请等我五分钟。 Qǐng děng wǒ wǔ fēnzhōng. Please wait five minutes...
至少 (zhìshǎo) — at least; no less than
至少 (zhìshǎo) 至少 means "at least." It sets a minimum — the actual amount, frequency, or degree may be more, but it is guaranteed to be no less than what follows. It can modify numbers, time expressions, and frequency words. Meanings [adverb] At least; no less than; at a minimum — sets a lower bound on quantity, frequency, or degree. Example Sentences 你至少要喝八杯水。 Nǐ zhìshǎo yào hē bā bēi shuǐ....
弘扬 (hóngyáng) — to promote; to carry forward; to glorify
弘扬 (hóngyáng) To promote or carry forward means to spread and amplify something admirable -- such as a cultural tradition, moral value, or spirit -- so that it becomes widely known and deeply rooted. Meanings [verb] to promote; to carry forward; to glorify; to spread and develop (values, spirit, culture) Example Sentences 学校致力于弘扬中华传统文化和民族精神。 Xuéxiào zhìlì yú hóngyáng Zhōnghuá chuántǒng wénhuà hé mínzú jīngshén. The school is committed to promoting traditional...
传染病 (chuánrǎnbìng) — infectious disease; contagious disease
传染病 (chuánrǎnbìng) 传染病 refers to diseases caused by pathogens that can spread from one person to another through various modes of transmission, including airborne, contact, and vector-borne routes. Meanings [noun] infectious disease; communicable disease; contagious disease (illness that can be transmitted from person to person) Example Sentences 新冠肺炎是近年来影响最广泛的传染病之一，导致全球数百万人死亡。 Xīnguān fèiyán shì jìn nián lái yǐngxiǎng zuì guǎngfàn de chuánrǎnbìng zhī yī, dǎozhì quánqiú shùbǎi wàn rén sǐwáng. COVID-19 is one...
年轻 (niánqīng) — young
年轻 (niánqīng) 年轻 describes someone who is young in age, or something that feels youthful and full of energy. Meanings [adj] young; youthful Example Sentences 她看起来比实际年龄年轻很多。 Tā kàn qǐlái bǐ shíjì niánlíng niánqīng hěn duō. She looks much younger than her actual age. 年轻的时候要多学习，多积累经验。 Niánqīng de shíhou yào duō xuéxí, duō jīlěi jīngyàn. When you are young, you should study more and accumulate more experience. 这家公司的员工都很年轻，充满活力。 Zhè jiā gōngsī de...
要求 (yāoqiú) — to require / requirement
要求 (yāoqiú) 要求 works as both a verb meaning to require or demand and a noun meaning a requirement or demand. It implies a specific expectation or condition that must be met. Meanings [verb] To require; to demand; to request; to ask (with expectation of compliance). [noun] Requirement; demand; request; condition. Example Sentences 老师要求我们每天写日记。 Lǎoshī yāoqiú wǒmen měitiān xiě rìjì. The teacher requires us to write a diary every day....
层 (céng) — floor; layer; storey
层 (céng) 层 is both a measure word for floors or stories of a building and for layers of any stacked substance. When counting floors, Chinese ground floor is 一层 (yī céng), equivalent to the first floor in American English or ground floor in British English. Meanings [measure word] Floor; storey. Used with numbers to indicate which level of a building. [measure word/noun] Layer. Used for anything arranged in horizontal...
记得 (jìde) — to remember
记得 (jìde) 记得 means to remember or to recall something. 记 means "to record/memorize" and 得 here is a resultative complement indicating success: you recorded it and it stuck. The opposite is 忘了 (wàng le), to forget. Meanings [verb] To remember, to recall. Example Sentences 我记得你说过这句话。 Wǒ jìde nǐ shuō guò zhè jù huà. I remember you said that. 你记得他的名字吗？ Nǐ jìde tā de míngzi ma? Do you remember his...
学科 (xuékē) — academic discipline; subject
学科 (xuékē) An academic discipline is a branch of knowledge that is formally studied and taught, such as mathematics, history, or linguistics. Meanings [noun] academic discipline; subject field; branch of study Example Sentences 人工智能是一个跨学科的研究领域。 Réngōng zhìnéng shì yīgè kuà xuékē de yánjiū lǐngyù. Artificial intelligence is a cross-disciplinary research field. 这所大学的理工科学科在全国排名前列。 Zhè suǒ dàxué de lǐgōngkē xuékē zài quánguó páimíng qiánliè. This university's science and engineering disciplines rank among the...
推断 (tuīduàn) — to infer; inference
推断 (tuīduàn) 推断 means to arrive at a conclusion through reasoning from available evidence or known facts, and is essential in academic, scientific, and logical contexts. Meanings [verb] to infer; to deduce; to reason toward a conclusion [noun] inference; deduction; conclusion drawn by reasoning Example Sentences 根据现有证据，我们可以推断出案件的经过。 Gēnjù xiànyǒu zhèngjù, wǒmen kěyǐ tuīduàn chū ànjiàn de jīngguò. Based on the available evidence, we can infer the course of events in...
理性 (lǐxìng) — rational; reasonable
理性 (lǐxìng) 理性 refers to rationality as a noun, or describes something as rational and reasonable as an adjective. Meanings [noun] rationality; reason; the capacity for logical and reasoned thinking [adjective] rational; reasonable; guided by reason rather than emotion Example Sentences 面对问题，我们应该保持理性。 Miànduì wèntí, wǒmen yīnggāi bǎochí lǐxìng. When facing problems, we should remain rational. 做决定时需要理性思考，而不仅仅靠感情。 Zuò juédìng shí xūyào lǐxìng sīkǎo, ér bù jǐnjǐn kào gǎnqíng. When making decisions,...
给 (gěi) — to give; for (someone)
给 (gěi) 给 means "to give" as a main verb and "for" or "to" as a preposition indicating the recipient or beneficiary of an action. Meanings [verb] To give; to hand over (something to someone). [preposition] For; to (indicating the recipient before the main verb). Example Sentences 我给你一本书。 Wǒ gěi nǐ yī běn shū. I give you a book. 妈妈给我做了饭。 Māma gěi wǒ zuò le fàn. Mom made food for...
说明 (shuōmíng) — to explain; explanation; manual
说明 (shuōmíng) 说明 means to explain or make something clear through words. As a noun it refers to an explanation, a description, or an instruction manual (such as a product manual). It is a very versatile word used in both spoken and written Chinese. Meanings [verb] To explain; to illustrate; to demonstrate; to show. [noun] Explanation; description; instruction manual. Example Sentences 请你说明一下这个计划的具体步骤。 Qǐng nǐ shuōmíng yīxià zhège jìhuà de jùtǐ...
选举 (xuǎnjǔ) — election; to elect
选举 (xuǎnjǔ) 选举 refers to the process of choosing a person for an office or position through voting. It functions both as a noun meaning "election" and as a verb meaning "to elect." Meanings n election, vote v to elect, to vote for Example Sentences 这次总统选举吸引了全国人民的关注。 Zhè cì zǒngtǒng xuǎnjǔ xīyǐn le quánguó rénmín de guānzhù. This presidential election attracted the attention of the entire nation. 学生们选举出了新的班长。 Xuéshengmen xuǎnjǔ chū...
决策 (juécè) — decision-making, policy decision
决策 (juécè) 决策 refers to the process of making significant decisions, particularly in organizational, governmental, or strategic contexts, as well as the decisions themselves. Meanings [noun] decision-making; a policy decision, strategic decision [verb] to make decisions, to determine a course of action Example Sentences 科学的决策需要充分的数据支撑和理性分析。 Kēxué de juécè xūyào chōngfèn de shùjù zhīchēng hé lǐxìng fēnxī. Scientific decision-making requires sufficient data support and rational analysis. 管理层的错误决策导致公司蒙受了巨大损失。 Guǎnlǐ céng de cuòwù...
新 (xīn) — new
新 (xīn) An adjective meaning "new," "fresh," or "modern." It describes things that are recently made, acquired, or encountered. Its antonym is 旧 (jiù), meaning "old" (for objects, not people). For people, the antonym is 老 (lǎo). Meanings [adjective] New, fresh, recently made or acquired. Example Sentences 他买了一辆新车。 Tā mǎi le yī liàng xīn chē. He bought a new car. 我认识了一个新朋友。 Wǒ rènshi le yīgè xīn péngyou. I made a...
资源 (zīyuán) — resources
资源 (zīyuán) 资源 refers to any available supply of natural materials, energy, people, knowledge, or other inputs that can be drawn upon to achieve goals -- a word spanning environmental science, economics, and management. Meanings [noun] resources (natural, human, educational, financial, etc.) Example Sentences 中国拥有丰富的自然资源，但分布不均衡。 Zhōngguó yōngyǒu fēngfù de zìrán zīyuán, dàn fēnbù bù jūnhéng. China has abundant natural resources, but their distribution is uneven. 合理利用资源是可持续发展的关键。 Hélǐ lìyòng zīyuán shì...
看见 (kàn jiàn) — to see; to catch sight of
看见 (kàn jiàn) 看见 is a verb + result complement structure. 看 means "to look/watch" and 见 is the complement meaning "perceive/succeed in seeing." Together they mean the act of looking was successful — you actually saw something. Compare 看 (looking, possibly without result) with 看见 (looked and did see). The negative is 没看见 (didn't see / couldn't see). Meanings [v+comp] See; catch sight of — look and successfully perceive...
问题 (wèntí) — question / problem
问题 (wèntí) 问题 is one of the most versatile and frequent nouns in Chinese. It covers both a question (something you ask) and a problem (something that needs fixing). Context makes the meaning clear. 没问题 (no problem) is an extremely common expression of agreement or reassurance. Meanings [noun] Question; something asked in order to find an answer. [noun] Problem; issue; something that has gone wrong or needs solving. Example Sentences...
尽管 (jǐnguǎn) — although; even though
尽管 (jǐnguǎn) 尽管 is a conjunction meaning "although" or "even though," used to introduce a clause that acknowledges a fact while the main clause states a contrasting or unexpected result. Meanings [conjunction] although; even though; despite the fact that Example Sentences 尽管很累，他还是坚持完成了工作。 Jǐnguǎn hěn lèi, tā háishì jiānchí wánchéngle gōngzuò. Although he was very tired, he still persisted and finished the work. 尽管困难重重，我们没有放弃。 Jǐnguǎn kùnnán chóngchóng, wǒmen méiyǒu fàngqì. Even...
揭示 (jiēshì) — to reveal; to uncover
揭示 (jiēshì) 揭示 means to reveal or bring to light something that was hidden, obscure, or not yet understood, and is commonly used in academic, literary, and investigative contexts. Meanings [verb] to reveal; to uncover; to lay bare [verb] to illuminate; to expose underlying truths or causes Example Sentences 这项研究揭示了城市化与环境污染之间的关联。 Zhè xiàng yánjiū jiēshìle chéngshìhuà yǔ huánjìng wūrǎn zhījiān de guānlián. This research revealed the connection between urbanization and environmental...
审核 (shěnhé) — to review; to audit; to verify
审核 (shěnhé) To review or audit something means to carefully examine it against standards or criteria to verify its accuracy, completeness, or compliance. Meanings [verb] to review; to audit; to verify; to scrutinize; to approve after examination Example Sentences 所有申请材料都需要经过严格的审核。 Suǒyǒu shēnqǐng cáiliào dōu xūyào jīngguò yángé de shěnhé. All application materials need to go through strict review. 财务部门每季度对账目进行一次审核。 Cáiwù bùmén měi jìdù duì zhàngmù jìnxíng yīcì shěnhé. The finance...
想 (xiǎng) — to want to; to think; to miss
想 (xiǎng) 想 covers three related meanings depending on context. Before another verb it means "want to" or "would like to." Alone or with a topic it means "to think" or "to believe." Before a person or place it means "to miss" (to long for someone or somewhere). Meanings [verb] To want to, would like to (before another verb). [verb] To think, to consider, to have a thought. [verb] To...
应该 (yīnggāi) — should; ought to
应该 (yīnggāi) 应该 is a modal verb expressing what one ought to do, what is expected, or what is proper under the circumstances. Meanings [modal verb] should; ought to; be supposed to Example Sentences 你应该多喝水，这对身体好。 Nǐ yīnggāi duō hē shuǐ, zhè duì shēntǐ hǎo. You should drink more water; it is good for your health. 学生应该按时完成作业。 Xuésheng yīnggāi ànshí wánchéng zuòyè. Students should complete their homework on time. 这件事你应该告诉老师。 Zhè...
否定 (fǒudìng) — Negate
否定 (fǒudìng) 否定 means to deny, negate, or reject something, or describes something that is negative in character. Meanings [verb] to negate; to deny; to reject; to nullify [adjective] negative (as opposed to affirmative) Example Sentences 他否定了所有的指控。 Tā fǒudìngle suǒyǒu de zhǐkòng. He denied all the accusations. 这种做法完全否定了之前的努力。 Zhè zhǒng zuòfǎ wánquán fǒudìngle zhīqián de nǔlì. This approach completely negates all previous efforts. 在语法上，"不"和"没"用来构成否定句。 Zài yǔfǎ shàng, "bù" hé "méi"...
改变 (gǎibiàn) — to change; to alter; change
改变 (gǎibiàn) 改变 refers to a meaningful shift or transformation in something — a state, a plan, an attitude, or a situation — and works as both verb and noun. Meanings [verb] To change, to alter, to transform. [noun] A change, an alteration, a transformation. Example Sentences 出国留学的经历从根本上改变了他看待世界的方式。 Chūguó liúxué de jīnglì cóng gēnběn shàng gǎibiàn le tā kàndài shìjiè de fāngshì. The experience of studying abroad fundamentally changed the...
仔细 (zǐxì) — careful; meticulous; attentive
仔细 (zǐxì) 仔细 describes paying close and careful attention to something so as not to make mistakes or miss details. Meanings [adj/adv] careful; meticulous; attentive; thorough Example Sentences 做题之前要仔细阅读题目。 Zuò tí zhīqián yào zǐxì yuèdú tímù. Read the questions carefully before answering them. 他仔细地检查了每一个细节。 Tā zǐxì de jiǎnchá le měi yī gè xìjié. He carefully examined every detail. 请仔细听，我只说一遍。 Qǐng zǐxì tīng, wǒ zhǐ shuō yī biàn. Please listen carefully;...
观念 (guānniàn) — concept; idea; notion
观念 (guānniàn) 观念 means "concept," "idea," or "notion" and refers to a belief, value, or way of thinking that is deeply held, often shaped by culture or upbringing. Meanings [noun] concept; notion; idea; way of thinking [noun] value; belief (often culturally or socially shaped) Example Sentences 传统观念在这里依然很强。 Chuántǒng guānniàn zài zhèlǐ yīrán hěn qiáng. Traditional ideas are still very strong here. 年轻人的消费观念与老一辈不同。 Niánqīngrén de xiāofèi guānniàn yǔ lǎo yībèi bùtóng....
开展 (kāizhǎn) — to carry out; to launch; to develop
开展 (kāizhǎn) 开展 means to carry out, launch, or develop an activity, project, or campaign, especially one that is organized and purposeful. Meanings [verb] to carry out; to launch; to develop; to unfold (activities) Example Sentences 学校开展了一系列环保活动。 Xuéxiào kāizhǎnle yī xìliè huánbǎo huódòng. The school launched a series of environmental protection activities. 公司正在开展新的培训项目。 Gōngsī zhèngzài kāizhǎn xīn de péixùn xiàngmù. The company is carrying out new training programs. 政府开展了一场反腐败运动。 Zhèngfǔ...
象征 (xiàngzhēng) — symbolism; to symbolize
象征 (xiàngzhēng) 象征 functions as both a noun (a symbol) and a verb (to symbolize). It describes the use of concrete objects, images, or actions to represent abstract concepts. In Chinese literary and cultural discourse, 象征 is central to discussions of poetic imagery and artistic meaning. It differs from 比喻 (bǐyù) in that 比喻 is an explicit comparison, while 象征 implies a deeper, more sustained association between image and meaning....
明天 (míngtiān) — tomorrow
明天 (míngtiān) 明天 refers to tomorrow, the day after today. It functions as both a time noun and a time adverb, placed before the main verb or at the start of a sentence. Meanings [noun/adverb] Tomorrow, the next day. Example Sentences 明天我有一个重要的会议。 Míngtiān wǒ yǒu yī gè zhòngyào de huìyì. Tomorrow I have an important meeting. 你明天去哪里？ Nǐ míngtiān qù nǎlǐ? Where are you going tomorrow? 明天天气怎么样？ Míngtiān tiānqì zěnmeyàng?...
八 (bā) — eight
八 (bā) The number eight, considered the luckiest number in Chinese culture because bā sounds similar to 发 (fā, to prosper/get rich); license plates, phone numbers, and addresses containing 八 command premium prices. Meanings [number] Eight, the digit 8. Example Sentences 我每天睡八个小时。 Wǒ měitiān shuì bā gè xiǎoshí. I sleep eight hours every day. 他用八万块钱买了一辆车。 Tā yòng bā wàn kuài qián mǎile yī liàng chē. He bought a car for...
谈判 (tánpàn) — to negotiate; negotiation
谈判 (tánpàn) 谈判 refers to formal negotiations between parties seeking to reach an agreement, and is indispensable in diplomatic, business, labor, and international relations contexts. Meanings [verb] to negotiate [noun] negotiation; talks Example Sentences 两国已展开贸易谈判，力求达成协议。 Liǎng guó yǐ zhǎnkāi màoyì tánpàn, lìqiú dáchéng xiéyì. The two countries have launched trade negotiations, striving to reach an agreement. 这场谈判持续了整整三天三夜。 Zhè chǎng tánpàn chíxù le zhěngzhěng sān tiān sān yè. These negotiations lasted...
按时 (ànshí) — on time
按时 (ànshí) 按时 means on time or punctually, in accordance with the scheduled or agreed time. 按 means according to or in line with, and 时 means time. It emphasizes doing something exactly when it is supposed to be done. A related adverb is 准时 (zhǔnshí), which also means on time. Both are used in similar contexts, but 按时 slightly emphasizes following a set schedule, while 准时 emphasizes punctuality in...
证明 (zhèngmíng) — to prove; proof; certificate
证明 (zhèngmíng) 证明 means to prove or verify something using evidence or reasoning. As a noun it refers to a proof, a piece of evidence, or an official certificate (such as an employment certificate or medical certificate). Meanings [verb] To prove; to demonstrate; to verify. [noun] Proof; evidence; certificate; certification. Example Sentences 科学家用实验证明了这个理论的正确性。 Kēxuéjiā yòng shíyàn zhèngmíng le zhège lǐlùn de zhèngquè xìng. Scientists used experiments to prove the correctness...
半导体制造 (bàndǎotǐ zhìzào) — semiconductor fabrication
半导体制造 (bàndǎotǐ zhìzào) 半导体制造 encompasses the highly complex industrial processes used to create semiconductor devices, including integrated circuits and microchips, from raw silicon and other materials. It is among the most technologically demanding manufacturing domains, involving photolithography, chemical vapor deposition, ion implantation, and precision metrology at nanometer scales. Meanings [noun] semiconductor fabrication; the industrial manufacturing of semiconductor devices and integrated circuits Example Sentences 先进半导体制造工艺已突破三纳米技术节点。 Xiānjìn bàndǎotǐ zhìzào gōngyì yǐ tūpò...
树 (shù) — tree
树 (shù) 树 means tree. It is one of the most basic nature words in Chinese. It also appears in compounds related to planting or establishing something, reflecting the idea that a tree is planted and grows over time. Meanings [noun] Tree; a tall woody plant. [verb] To plant; to establish; to set up (in formal or written use). Example Sentences 公园里有很多大树。 Gōngyuán lǐ yǒu hěn duō dà shù. There...
皮肤 (pífū) — skin
皮肤 (pífū) 皮肤 means skin, referring to the outer layer of the human body. It is used in contexts related to appearance, health, and skincare. Meanings [noun] Skin; complexion; the outer surface of the body. Example Sentences 她的皮肤很白很光滑。 Tā de pífū hěn bái hěn guānghuá. Her skin is very fair and smooth. 夏天要注意保护皮肤。 Xiàtiān yào zhùyì bǎohù pífū. In summer you need to pay attention to protecting your skin. 这种面霜对皮肤很好。...
总的来说 (zǒng de lái shuō) — generally speaking
总的来说 (zǒng de lái shuō) 总的来说 is a set phrase used to introduce a general conclusion or overall assessment, equivalent to "generally speaking," "overall," or "on the whole." Meanings [phrase] generally speaking; on the whole; overall Example Sentences 总的来说，这次旅行很愉快。 Zǒng de lái shuō, zhè cì lǚxíng hěn yúkuài. Generally speaking, this trip was very enjoyable. 总的来说，他的表现还不错。 Zǒng de lái shuō, tā de biǎoxiàn hái bùcuò. Overall, his performance was not...
送 (sòng) — to give / send / see off
送 (sòng) 送 covers three related actions: giving something as a gift, delivering or sending something, and accompanying someone to the door or to their destination. Meanings [verb] To give as a gift; to present. [verb] To deliver; to send. [verb] To see someone off; to accompany to the door or station. Example Sentences 我送你一本书作为礼物。 Wǒ sòng nǐ yī běn shū zuòwéi lǐwù. I'll give you a book as a...
贵 (guì) — expensive; precious; honorable
贵 (guì) 贵 primarily means expensive or costly. It is the opposite of 便宜 (piányí, cheap). Beyond price, 贵 appears in polite set phrases: 贵姓 (guì xìng, may I ask your surname) and 贵国 (guì guó, your honorable country), where it means "esteemed" or "honorable." Meanings [adjective] Expensive; costly. Describes something whose price is high. [adjective] Precious; valuable; esteemed. Used in polite address to honor the listener. Example Sentences 这件衣服太贵了，我买不起。...
制裁 (zhìcái) — sanction, to sanction
制裁 (zhìcái) 制裁 refers to official coercive measures -- typically economic, political, or legal -- imposed by a state, organization, or authority to punish violations and compel compliance. Meanings [noun] sanction, punitive measure [verb] to sanction, to impose penalties on, to punish Example Sentences 联合国安理会通过决议，对该国实施经济制裁。 Liánhéguó ān lǐ huì tōngguò juéyì, duì gāi guó shíshī jīngjì zhìcái. The UN Security Council passed a resolution to impose economic sanctions on the...
认真 (rènzhēn) — serious; earnest; conscientious
认真 (rènzhēn) 认真 describes an attitude of taking something seriously and giving it your full, careful attention. It can modify behavior (认真工作 — work conscientiously) or describe a person (她很认真 — she is very serious/diligent). It is distinct from 努力 (hard work in terms of effort) — 认真 emphasizes carefulness and focus. Meanings [adj] Serious; earnest — taking something with genuine care and attention. [adj] Conscientious; meticulous — thorough and...
进步 (jìnbù) — to improve / progress
进步 (jìnbù) 进步 means to make progress or improve, and as a noun refers to progress or advancement. Meanings [verb] to make progress; to improve; to advance [noun] progress; improvement; advancement Example Sentences 你的中文进步很快！ Nǐ de Zhōngwén jìnbù hěn kuài! Your Chinese is improving very quickly! 只要坚持努力，就一定会有进步。 Zhǐyào jiānchí nǔlì, jiù yīdìng huì yǒu jìnbù. As long as you keep working hard, you will definitely make progress. 科技的进步改变了我们的生活。 Kējì de...
来自 (láizì) — to come from; to be from
来自 (láizì) 来自 is used to express where a person or thing originates from, whether a place, a source, or a background. Meanings [verb] to come from; to be from — indicating the origin, source, or place of provenance of a person or thing Example Sentences 他来自北京。 Tā láizì Běijīng. He comes from Beijing. 这个想法来自一本书。 Zhège xiǎngfǎ láizì yī běn shū. This idea comes from a book. 班里有很多来自不同国家的学生。 Bān lǐ...
困难 (kùnnán) — difficult; trouble; hardship
困难 (kùnnán) 困难 describes something that is difficult or refers to a difficulty or hardship that one faces. Meanings [adjective] difficult, hard, or challenging [noun] a difficulty, problem, or hardship Example Sentences 学习一门新语言是困难的，但很有价值。 Xuéxí yī mén xīn yǔyán shì kùnnán de, dàn hěn yǒu jiàzhí. Learning a new language is difficult but very worthwhile. 面对困难，我们不能轻易放弃。 Miàn duì kùnnán, wǒmen bù néng qīngyì fàngqì. When facing difficulties, we should not easily...
话题 (huàtí) — topic; subject of conversation
话题 (huàtí) 话题 is a versatile noun for any topic of conversation or discussion, from casual everyday subjects to trending social issues, and is especially common in informal and media contexts. Meanings [noun] topic; subject of conversation; talking point Example Sentences 天气是人们最常见的话题之一。 Tiānqì shì rénmen zuì chángjiàn de huàtí zhī yī. The weather is one of the most common topics of conversation. 这部电影上映后成为了社交媒体上的热门话题。 Zhè bù diànyǐng shàngyìng hòu chéngle shèjiāo...
倡议 (chàngyì) — initiative; proposal; to propose
倡议 (chàngyì) 倡议 refers to a formal proposal or call to action put forward by an individual, organization, or government to encourage others to join in achieving a shared goal, and as a verb it means to put forward such a proposal. Meanings [noun] initiative; proposal; call to action (a formal proposal encouraging collective action) [verb] to propose; to put forward an initiative; to call on others to act Example...
培训 (péixùn) — to train; training
培训 (péixùn) 培训 refers specifically to professional, vocational, or skills-based training -- organized instruction aimed at improving specific competencies or job performance. Meanings [verb] to train; to provide training for (professional or vocational skills) [noun] training; professional training; a training program Example Sentences 新员工入职前需要接受为期两周的培训。 Xīn yuángōng rùzhí qián xūyào jiēshòu wéiqī liǎng zhōu de péixùn. New employees need to undergo two weeks of training before starting work. 公司每年为员工提供专业技能培训。 Gōngsī měinián...
考虑 (kǎolǜ) — to consider; to think over
考虑 (kǎolǜ) 考虑 means "to consider" or "to think over" and is used when someone is carefully weighing options or thinking about a situation before making a decision. Meanings [verb] to consider; to think about carefully [verb] to take into account; to bear in mind Example Sentences 你考虑清楚了再做决定。 Nǐ kǎolǜ qīngchǔ le zài zuò juédìng. Think it through carefully before making a decision. 我们需要考虑所有可能性。 Wǒmen xūyào kǎolǜ suǒyǒu kěnéngxìng. We...
空调 (kōngtiáo) — air conditioner
空调 (kōngtiáo) 空调 means air conditioner or air conditioning. It is short for 空气调节 (kōngqì tiáojié), meaning air regulation. It refers to the appliance that controls indoor temperature and humidity. Meanings [noun] Air conditioner; air conditioning. Example Sentences 天气太热了，开空调吧。 Tiānqì tài rè le, kāi kōngtiáo ba. It's too hot; let's turn on the air conditioner. 这个房间的空调坏了。 Zhège fángjiān de kōngtiáo huài le. The air conditioner in this room is broken....
民生 (mínshēng) — People's livelihood, public welfare
民生 (mínshēng) 民生 refers to the material and social welfare of ordinary citizens, encompassing employment, housing, healthcare, and education -- the basic conditions of people's daily lives. Meanings [noun] people's livelihood; public welfare; the living conditions of ordinary citizens Example Sentences 政府把改善民生列为首要任务。 Zhèngfǔ bǎ gǎishàn mínshēng liè wéi shǒuyào rènwù. The government listed improving people's livelihood as its top priority. 民生问题直接关系到社会的稳定。 Mínshēng wèntí zhíjiē guānxì dào shèhuì de wěndìng. Issues...
治疗 (zhìliáo) — Treat, treatment
治疗 (zhìliáo) 治疗 refers to medical treatment or therapy applied to cure or alleviate illness, injury, or a medical condition. Meanings [verb] to treat (a disease); to administer medical treatment [noun] treatment; therapy; medical care Example Sentences 医生说这种病需要长期治疗。 Yīshēng shuō zhè zhǒng bìng xūyào chángqī zhìliáo. The doctor said this disease requires long-term treatment. 新药的研发为癌症治疗带来了新的希望。 Xīn yào de yánfā wèi áizhèng zhìliáo dàilái le xīn de xīwàng. The development of...
语境 (yǔjìng) — context, linguistic environment
语境 (yǔjìng) 语境 refers to the context — linguistic, situational, social, or cultural — in which a word, sentence, or text is used. Understanding 语境 is essential for interpreting meaning correctly, since many Chinese words and expressions change significantly in meaning depending on context. It is a core concept in linguistics, translation, and language pedagogy. Meanings [n] linguistic context (the surrounding text that clarifies meaning) [n] situational/cultural context (the broader...
习惯 (xíguàn) — habit; to be used to
习惯 (xíguàn) 习惯 can function as a noun meaning "habit" or as a verb meaning "to be used to / accustomed to" something. Meanings [noun] habit; custom; routine [verb] to be used to; to be accustomed to Example Sentences 他有每天早起的习惯。 Tā yǒu měitiān zǎo qǐ de xíguàn. He has the habit of getting up early every day. 我已经习惯了在这里生活。 Wǒ yǐjīng xíguàn le zài zhèlǐ shēnghuó. I am already used to...
计划 (jìhuà) — plan
计划 (jìhuà) 计划 refers to a more formal or structured plan, often written out or thought through in advance. As a verb it means to plan. It is more systematic than 打算 (dǎsuàn), which describes personal intentions. Meanings [noun] Plan; program; schedule. [verb] To plan; to schedule. Example Sentences 我们制定了一个旅游计划。 Wǒmen zhìdìng le yīgè lǚyóu jìhuà. We drew up a travel plan. 这个项目的计划已经完成了。 Zhège xiàngmù de jìhuà yǐjīng wánchéng le....
绝对 (juéduì) — absolute; absolutely; definite
绝对 (juéduì) 绝对 means "absolute" or "absolutely" and is used to emphasize that something is definite, unconditional, or without exception. Meanings [adjective] absolute; unconditional; without exception [adverb] absolutely; definitely; certainly Example Sentences 这是绝对正确的答案。 Zhè shì juéduì zhèngquè de dá'àn. This is the absolutely correct answer. 你绝对不能告诉他这个秘密。 Nǐ juéduì bù néng gàosù tā zhège mìmì. You absolutely cannot tell him this secret. 我绝对相信她说的话。 Wǒ juéduì xiāngxìn tā shuō de huà. I...
珍惜 (zhēnxī) — Cherish, treasure, value
珍惜 (zhēnxī) 珍惜 means to cherish or treasure something -- to value it highly, use it wisely, and not take it for granted. It implies a conscious appreciation of something precious. Meanings [verb] to cherish; to treasure; to value; to make good use of (something precious) Example Sentences 我们应该珍惜每一段友谊，真正的朋友是人生的宝贵财富。 Wǒmen yīnggāi zhēnxī měi yī duàn yǒuyì, zhēnzhèng de péngyǒu shì rénshēng de bǎoguì cáifù. We should cherish every friendship; true...
过敏 (guòmǐn) — allergy / allergic
过敏 (guòmǐn) 过敏 describes an allergic reaction or the state of being allergic to something. The key pattern is 对...过敏 (to be allergic to...). It can function as a verb (to have an allergy) or a noun (an allergy). It is essential vocabulary for discussing health and medical situations. Meanings [verb] To be allergic; to have an allergic reaction. [noun] Allergy; hypersensitivity. Example Sentences 我对花粉过敏。 Wǒ duì huāfěn guòmǐn. I...
大约 (dàyuē) — approximately; about; roughly; around
大约 (dàyuē) 大约 is an adverb meaning "approximately" or "about," used before numbers or time expressions to indicate that the value is an estimate, not a precise measurement. Meanings [adverb] approximately; about; roughly; around (placed before numbers, quantities, or time expressions to indicate an approximation) Usage Note 大约 is placed before the number or quantity it modifies. It can also appear before a verb to express a general estimate of...
严格 (yángé) — strict
严格 (yángé) 严格 describes a person, rule, or standard that is strict and allows no deviation. It implies high expectations enforced consistently. It can be used for people (a strict teacher), standards (strict requirements), or behavior (strict discipline). Meanings [adjective] Strict; rigorous; demanding; exacting. Example Sentences 我的老师对我们非常严格。 Wǒ de lǎoshī duì wǒmen fēicháng yángé. My teacher is very strict with us. 这里的规定很严格，必须遵守。 Zhèlǐ de guīdìng hěn yángé, bìxū zūnshǒu. The...
同时 (tóngshí) — at the same time; simultaneously
同时 (tóngshí) 同时 means at the same time or simultaneously, and is also used as a conjunction to add supplementary information or a parallel point. Meanings [adverb] at the same time, simultaneously [conjunction] at the same time, moreover, in addition (linking two simultaneous facts) Example Sentences 他同时做好几件事，效率非常高。 Tā tóngshí zuò hǎo jǐ jiàn shì, xiàolǜ fēicháng gāo. He does several things at the same time with very high efficiency. 这个方案既节省时间，同时也降低了成本。...
模型 (móxíng) — model; template
模型 (móxíng) 模型 refers to a model or template, either a physical small-scale replica or a conceptual framework used as a reference. Meanings [noun] model; template; a physical replica or conceptual framework serving as a reference or example Example Sentences 他做了一个飞机模型送给儿子。 Tā zuò le yī gè fēijī móxíng sòng gěi érzi. He made a model airplane to give to his son. 这个经济模型可以预测市场趋势。 Zhège jīngjì móxíng kěyǐ yùcè shìchǎng qūshì. This...
关系 (guānxi) — relationship; connection; to matter
关系 (guānxi) 关系 can mean a relationship or connection between people or things as a noun, and as a verb it means "to matter" or "to be related to." Meanings [noun] Relationship; connection; tie (between people, organizations, or concepts). [verb] To matter; to be relevant; to affect. Example Sentences 他们两个人的关系非常好。 Tāmen liǎng gè rén de guānxi fēicháng hǎo. The relationship between the two of them is very good. 这件事和我没有关系。 Zhè...
出发 (chūfā) — to set off
出发 (chūfā) 出发 means to set off or depart from a location, usually the beginning of a trip or journey. It focuses on the moment of departure. Meanings [verb] To set off; to depart; to start (a journey). Example Sentences 我们明天早上八点出发。 Wǒmen míngtiān zǎoshang bā diǎn chūfā. We set off at eight o'clock tomorrow morning. 大家都准备好了，可以出发了。 Dàjiā dōu zhǔnbèi hǎo le, kěyǐ chūfā le. Everyone is ready; we can set...
水资源 (shuǐ zīyuán) — Water resources
水资源 (shuǐ zīyuán) 水资源 refers to the available supplies of fresh water on Earth, including rivers, lakes, groundwater, and rainfall, that can be used for human consumption, agriculture, and industry. Meanings [noun] water resources; freshwater supply Example Sentences 全球水资源分布极不均匀，许多地区面临严重缺水问题。 Quánqiú shuǐ zīyuán fēnbù jí bù jūnyún, xǔduō dìqū miànlín yánzhòng quēshuǐ wèntí. Global water resources are very unevenly distributed, and many regions face serious water shortages. 保护水资源是每个公民的责任。 Bǎohù shuǐ zīyuán...
方法 (fāngfǎ) — method
方法 (fāngfǎ) 方法 means a method or approach — a systematic or deliberate way of doing something. It is more structured than 办法 (bànfǎ — way to deal with something), which is more casual and practical. Meanings [noun] Method; way; approach; technique. Example Sentences 你有什么好的学习方法？ Nǐ yǒu shénme hǎo de xuéxí fāngfǎ? Do you have any good study methods? 这种方法效果很好。 Zhè zhǒng fāngfǎ xiàoguǒ hěn hǎo. This method is very...
突出 (tūchū) — outstanding; to stand out; to emphasize
突出 (tūchū) 突出 means to stand out from others due to being remarkably good or significant, and as a verb, to emphasize or highlight something important. Meanings [adjective] outstanding; prominent; conspicuous [verb] to emphasize; to highlight; to stand out; to protrude Example Sentences 她在这次比赛中表现突出，获得了一等奖。 Tā zài zhècì bǐsài zhōng biǎoxiàn tūchū, huòdé le yīděng jiǎng. She performed outstandingly in this competition and won first prize. 这篇报告的突出问题是数据来源不够可靠。 Zhè piān bàogào de...
是的 (shì de) — yes; that's right; indeed
是的 (shì de) 是的 means "yes," "that's right," or "indeed." It confirms or affirms that a stated fact is correct. Meanings [phrase] Yes; that's right; correct; indeed (factual affirmation). Example Sentences A: 你是老师吗？ B: 是的，我是老师。 A: Nǐ shì lǎoshī ma? B: Shì de, wǒ shì lǎoshī. A: Are you a teacher? B: Yes, I am a teacher. A: 他是你的朋友吗？ B: 是的。 A: Tā shì nǐ de péngyou ma? B: Shì...
懒 (lǎn) — lazy; idle
懒 (lǎn) 懒 describes a person who is unwilling to exert effort and avoids work or activity. Meanings [adj] lazy; idle; disinclined to work or make effort Example Sentences 他太懒了，作业总是不做。 Tā tài lǎn le, zuòyè zǒng shì bù zuò. He is too lazy and never does his homework. 今天天气很好，我却懒得出门。 Jīntiān tiānqì hěn hǎo, wǒ què lǎn de chūmén. The weather is nice today but I am too lazy to go...
利率 (lìlǜ) — interest rate
利率 (lìlǜ) 利率 is the percentage rate at which interest is charged on a loan or paid on a deposit over a specified period, serving as a key lever of monetary policy. Meanings [noun] interest rate (the percentage rate of interest on loans or deposits) Example Sentences 美联储宣布上调基准利率以应对通货膨胀。 Měi lián chú xuānbù shàng diào jīzhǔn lìlǜ yǐ yìngduì tōnghuò péngzhàng. The Federal Reserve announced an increase in the benchmark interest...
通常 (tōngcháng) — usually; normally; generally
通常 (tōngcháng) 通常 means "usually" or "normally." It describes what is typical, standard, or happens in general under ordinary circumstances. It is interchangeable with 一般 in many contexts but has a slightly more formal or written feel. Meanings [adverb] Usually; normally; generally; as a rule — describes what typically or habitually happens. Compare 通常 vs 往往 Word Use 通常 Neutral statement of what is normal or typical 往往 Implies a...
他 (tā) — he, him
他 (tā) The third-person singular pronoun for males (and mixed-gender groups in informal writing); 他, 她, and 它 are all pronounced tā but written differently to distinguish gender. Meanings [pronoun] He (subject). [pronoun] Him (object). [pronoun] His (before 的: 他的). Example Sentences 他是我的老师。 Tā shì wǒ de lǎoshī. He is my teacher. 我认识他。 Wǒ rènshi tā. I know him. 他的名字叫大卫。 Tā de míngzi jiào Dàwèi. His name is David. 他今天不来了。...
需要 (xūyào) — to need
需要 (xūyào) 需要 expresses necessity or requirement. It can precede a noun (need something) or a verb phrase (need to do something), making it extremely versatile in everyday speech. Meanings [verb] To need; to require. [noun] A need; a requirement; a demand. Example Sentences 我需要你的帮助。 Wǒ xūyào nǐ de bāngzhù. I need your help. 学习中文需要很多时间。 Xuéxí Zhōngwén xūyào hěn duō shíjiān. Learning Chinese requires a lot of time. 你还需要什么吗？ Nǐ...
性能 (xìngnéng) — performance; capability
性能 (xìngnéng) 性能 refers to the performance, capability, or functional properties of a machine, product, system, or material, describing how well it performs its intended function. Meanings [noun] performance; capability; functional properties (of a machine, product, or system) Example Sentences 这款新型电动汽车的性能非常出色，续航里程超过了五百公里。 Zhè kuǎn xīnxíng diàndòng qìchē de xìngnéng fēicháng chūsè, xùháng lǐchéng chāoguòle wǔbǎi gōnglǐ. The performance of this new electric vehicle is excellent, with a range of over five...
操场 (cāochǎng) — playground / sports ground
操场 (cāochǎng) 操场 refers to a playground, sports field, or schoolyard, typically an open outdoor area where students exercise, play sports, or do morning exercises. 操 relates to exercise or drill, and 场 means a field or open space. In Chinese schools, the 操场 is central to student life. Morning exercises (早操) are held there each day, and it is where students spend their breaks running, playing basketball, or doing...
姐姐 (jiějiě) — older sister
姐姐 (jiějiě) 姐姐 means older sister. Like 哥哥, it specifically refers to a sister who is older than the speaker. Meanings [noun] Older sister, elder sister. Example Sentences 我姐姐在上海读书。 Wǒ jiějiě zài Shànghǎi dúshū. My older sister is studying in Shanghai. 姐姐比我大三岁。 Jiějiě bǐ wǒ dà sān suì. My older sister is three years older than me. 你的姐姐漂亮吗？ Nǐ de jiějiě piàoliang ma? Is your older sister beautiful? 姐姐每天都打电话给我。 Jiějiě...
碳中和 (tàn zhōnghé) — carbon neutrality
碳中和 (tàn zhōnghé) 碳中和 refers to achieving a net-zero balance between carbon dioxide emitted and carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere, a central goal of global climate policy. Meanings [noun] carbon neutrality; net-zero carbon emissions Example Sentences 中国承诺在2060年前实现碳中和目标。 Zhōngguó chéngnuò zài 2060 nián qián shíxiàn tàn zhōnghé mùbiāo. China has pledged to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. 实现碳中和需要能源结构的根本性转变。 Shíxiàn tàn zhōnghé xūyào néngyuán jiégòu de gēnběnxìng zhuǎnbiàn. Achieving carbon neutrality...
开创 (kāichuàng) — to pioneer; to create; to open up
开创 (kāichuàng) To pioneer or create something new means to be the first to establish it, breaking new ground and bringing something previously nonexistent into being. Meanings [verb] to pioneer; to found; to create; to open up (a new era, field, or path) Example Sentences 他开创了现代中国画的新风格。 Tā kāichuàngle xiàndài Zhōngguó huà de xīn fēnggé. He pioneered a new style of modern Chinese painting. 改革开放开创了中国历史上的新局面。 Gǎigé kāifàng kāichuàngle Zhōngguó lìshǐ shàng...
除非 (chúfēi) — unless; only if; except when
除非 (chúfēi) 除非 is a conjunction meaning "unless" or "only if," used to introduce the one and only condition that would change an outcome or serve as an exception to an otherwise absolute statement. Meanings [conjunction] unless; only if; except when (introduces the single exception or the only condition under which the main clause does not apply, or under which an otherwise impossible outcome becomes possible) Usage Note 除非 introduces...
悲观 (bēiguān) — pessimistic
悲观 (bēiguān) 悲观 describes a pessimistic outlook -- tending to see the worst in situations or expect negative outcomes. Meanings [adjective] pessimistic [noun] pessimism Example Sentences 他对未来很悲观。 Tā duì wèilái hěn bēiguān. He is very pessimistic about the future. 不要悲观，要相信自己。 Bùyào bēiguān, yào xiāngxìn zìjǐ. Don't be pessimistic; believe in yourself. 她的悲观态度影响了整个团队。 Tā de bēiguān tàidù yǐngxiǎngle zhěnggè tuánduì. Her pessimistic attitude affected the whole team. 悲观的人很难感到幸福。 Bēiguān de rén...
风险 (fēngxiǎn) — risk
风险 (fēngxiǎn) 风险 refers to risk or the possibility of something going wrong, particularly in business, health, or decision-making. Meanings [noun] risk; danger; hazard; potential loss Example Sentences 投资有风险，决策需谨慎。 Tóuzī yǒu fēngxiǎn, juécè xū jǐnshèn. Investment involves risks; decisions must be made carefully. 医生提醒病人手术存在一定的风险。 Yīshēng tíxǐng bìngrén shǒushù cúnzài yīdìng de fēngxiǎn. The doctor reminded the patient that surgery carries certain risks. 创业者要学会承担风险。 Chuàngyèzhě yào xuéhuì chéngdān fēngxiǎn. Entrepreneurs need...
权威 (quánwēi) — authority; authoritative
权威 (quánwēi) 权威 refers to authority, either as an abstract quality (the power to be believed or obeyed) or as a concrete noun (an authoritative person or institution). Used as an adjective before a noun, it means "authoritative." It appears in academic, journalistic, and institutional discourse where the credibility of a source or expert is at issue. Meanings [n] authority (the power to command belief or obedience) [n] authority, expert...
彻底 (chèdǐ) — thorough; completely; thoroughly
彻底 (chèdǐ) Thorough or complete means going all the way through something without leaving any part unfinished, unexamined, or unchanged. Meanings [adjective] thorough; complete; radical; without reservation [adverb] thoroughly; completely; to the bottom; utterly Example Sentences 这次改革必须彻底，不能半途而废。 Zhè cì gǎigé bìxū chèdǐ, bù néng bàntú ér fèi. This reform must be thorough and cannot be left halfway done. 医生建议他彻底休息两周，不要工作。 Yīshēng jiànyì tā chèdǐ xiūxi liǎng zhōu, bùyào gōngzuò. The doctor...
向 (xiàng) — toward / facing
向 (xiàng) 向 is a preposition meaning toward or in the direction of. It introduces the target of movement or orientation. It is also used to indicate asking, reporting, or learning from someone. It can precede a person or place. Meanings [preposition] Toward; in the direction of. [preposition] To (a person); from (expressing who an action is directed at). Example Sentences 向左转。 Xiàng zuǒ zhuǎn. Turn left (toward the left)....
获得 (huòdé) — to obtain; to gain
获得 (huòdé) 获得 means to obtain, gain, or acquire something, often through effort, competition, or a process. Meanings [verb] to obtain; to acquire; to get [verb] to achieve; to win; to earn Example Sentences 他在比赛中获得了第一名。 Tā zài bǐsài zhōng huòdéle dì yī míng. He won first place in the competition. 通过努力，她获得了奖学金。 Tōngguò nǔlì, tā huòdéle jiǎngxuéjīn. Through hard work, she obtained a scholarship. 这部电影获得了很多奖项。 Zhè bù diànyǐng huòdéle hěn duō...
万 (wàn) — ten thousand
万 (wàn) The word for ten thousand; Chinese groups numbers in units of 10,000 (万) rather than 1,000 (thousand), so learning to think in 万 is essential for large numbers: 一万 = 10,000, 十万 = 100,000, 一百万 = 1,000,000. Meanings [number] Ten thousand (10,000). [adverb] Absolutely, by all means (in compounds: 万一, just in case; 千万, whatever you do). Example Sentences 这套房子卖一百万。 Zhè tào fángzi mài yī bǎi wàn. This...
杂志 (zázhì) — magazine
杂志 (zázhì) 杂志 means magazine or periodical. 杂 means miscellaneous or varied, and 志 means record or publication. A magazine is a varied collection of articles and records published regularly. Chinese magazines cover every topic from science (科学杂志) to fashion (时尚杂志) to travel. Reading a Chinese magazine is a great way to build vocabulary because the articles are shorter than books but richer in everyday vocabulary than textbooks. Meanings [noun]...
中间 (zhōngjiān) — middle; between; among
中间 (zhōngjiān) 中间 describes the position in the center of a space or the interval between two points in time, people, or things. Meanings [noun] the middle; the center point of a space or object [noun] between; in the interval separating two things or people [noun] among; within a group Example Sentences 书在桌子中间。 Shū zài zhuōzi zhōngjiān. The book is in the middle of the table. 他坐在两个朋友中间。 Tā zuò zài...
适应 (shìyìng) — to adapt; to adjust to
适应 (shìyìng) 适应 means to adapt or adjust to new circumstances, environments, or demands, and is used across biological, psychological, social, and professional contexts at B2 level. Meanings [verb] to adapt to; to adjust to; to become accustomed to [verb] to suit; to be adapted for (of a thing fitting a condition) Example Sentences 刚来到新城市时，他花了几个月才适应当地的生活方式。 Gāng láidào xīn chéngshì shí, tā huāle jǐ gè yuè cái shìyìng dāngdì de shēnghuó...
气候变化 (qìhòu biànhuà) — Climate change
气候变化 (qìhòu biànhuà) 气候变化 refers to significant, long-term changes in global or regional climate patterns, particularly those driven by human activity and the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Meanings [noun phrase] climate change; climate variation Example Sentences 气候变化已经成为全球最紧迫的环境挑战之一。 Qìhòu biànhuà yǐjīng chéngwéi quánqiú zuì jǐnpò de huánjìng tiǎozhàn zhī yī. Climate change has become one of the most urgent environmental challenges in the world. 科学家警告说，气候变化将导致更频繁的极端天气事件。 Kēxuéjiā jǐnggào shuō,...
白 (bái) — white; in vain
白 (bái) 白 primarily means the color white. In everyday speech it also carries the extended meaning of "in vain," "for nothing," or "free of charge," which gives it more range than a simple color word. Meanings [adjective] White (color). Describes the appearance of objects. [adverb] In vain; without result; for nothing. Used before a verb to say the action produced no useful outcome. Example Sentences 她穿着一件白衬衫。 Tā chuānzhe yī...
启发 (qǐfā) — to inspire; inspiration
启发 (qǐfā) 启发 means to inspire, enlighten, or stimulate someone's thinking, and as a noun it refers to the inspiration or insight gained, often used in educational and intellectual contexts. Meanings [verb] to inspire; to enlighten; to stimulate thinking [noun] inspiration; enlightenment; insight Example Sentences 老师的一番话深深启发了他。 Lǎoshī de yī fān huà shēnshēn qǐfā le tā. The teacher's words deeply inspired him. 这本书给了我很大的启发。 Zhè běn shū gěi le wǒ hěn dà...
普遍 (pǔbiàn) — universal, widespread, common
普遍 (pǔbiàn) Describes something that exists or applies broadly across a population or in most situations -- universally true, common, or widespread as a state of affairs. Meanings [adjective] universal, widespread, common, general [adverb] generally, universally, widely Example Sentences 焦虑是现代社会中普遍存在的心理问题。 Jiāolǜ shì xiàndài shèhuì zhōng pǔbiàn cúnzài de xīnlǐ wèntí. Anxiety is a psychological problem that is universally present in modern society. 这种观点在年轻一代中非常普遍。 Zhè zhǒng guāndiǎn zài niánqīng yīdài zhōng...
另外 (lìngwài) — in addition; besides; additionally
另外 (lìngwài) 另外 is used to introduce additional information or a separate item, similar to "in addition," "besides," or "additionally" in English. Meanings [adverb/conjunction] in addition, besides, additionally, or another/separate one Example Sentences 我买了一本书，另外还买了一支笔。 Wǒ mǎi le yī běn shū, lìngwài hái mǎi le yī zhī bǐ. I bought a book and also bought a pen in addition. 另外，我还有一个问题想问你。 Lìngwài, wǒ hái yǒu yīgè wèntí xiǎng wèn nǐ. In addition,...
双 (shuāng) — pair; both; double (measure word)
双 (shuāng) 双 is the measure word for things that come in pairs: shoes, socks, gloves, chopsticks, eyes, and hands. It can also function as an adjective meaning "double" or "both." Compare it with 对 (duì), which is used for couples of people or matched sets like earrings. Meanings [mw] Pair — counts objects that naturally come in twos (shoes, socks, chopsticks). [adj] Double; both; twin — describes something that...
飞机 (fēijī) — airplane
飞机 (fēijī) An airplane or aircraft. 飞 means "to fly" and 机 means "machine," making 飞机 literally a "flying machine." Meanings [noun] Airplane, aircraft. A powered fixed-wing aircraft used for air travel. Example Sentences 我明天坐飞机去北京。 Wǒ míngtiān zuò fēijī qù Běijīng. I am flying to Beijing tomorrow. 飞机几点起飞？ Fēijī jǐ diǎn qǐfēi? What time does the airplane take off? 坐飞机比坐火车快。 Zuò fēijī bǐ zuò huǒchē kuài. Taking the airplane is...
有效 (yǒuxiào) — effective; valid; efficacious
有效 (yǒuxiào) 有效 describes something that produces the desired result or is legally in force. Meanings [adjective] Effective; producing the intended result. [adjective] Valid; legally or officially in force. Example Sentences 这种方法非常有效。 Zhè zhǒng fāngfǎ fēicháng yǒuxiào. This method is very effective. 你的护照还有效吗？ Nǐ de hùzhào hái yǒuxiào ma? Is your passport still valid? 这个药对感冒很有效。 Zhège yào duì gǎnmào hěn yǒuxiào. This medicine is very effective against colds. 签证的有效期是三个月。 Qiānzhèng...
承认 (chéngrèn) — to admit; to acknowledge
承认 (chéngrèn) 承认 means to admit or acknowledge something, whether a fact, a mistake, or another person's status. Meanings [verb] to admit; to acknowledge; to recognize; to confess Example Sentences 他终于承认了自己的错误。 Tā zhōngyú chéngrèn le zìjǐ de cuòwù. He finally admitted his mistake. 你要勇敢地承认问题才能解决它。 Nǐ yào yǒnggǎn de chéngrèn wèntí cái néng jiějué tā. You must bravely acknowledge the problem before you can solve it. 这个国家正式承认了他们的政府。 Zhège guójiā zhèngshì chéngrèn...
权衡 (quánhéng) — to weigh, to balance
权衡 (quánhéng) 权衡 means to weigh or balance competing options, interests, or factors carefully before making a decision. It comes from the image of a balance scale (权 is a unit of weight, 衡 is the beam of a scale), and implies careful, rational deliberation. It is used in decision-making contexts ranging from personal choices to policy analysis. Meanings [v] to weigh; to balance; to carefully consider multiple factors [v]...
呈现 (chéngxiàn) — to present; to appear
呈现 (chéngxiàn) 呈现 means to take on or display a certain state, appearance, or quality, often emphasizing that something comes into view or becomes apparent before observers. Meanings [verb] to present; to exhibit; to appear as; to take on (a state or quality) [verb] to emerge; to come into view; to manifest visually Example Sentences 夕阳下，整座城市呈现出金色的光芒。 Xīyáng xià, zhěng zuò chéngshì chéngxiàn chū jīnsè de guāngmáng. Under the setting sun,...
因此 (yīncǐ) — therefore
因此 (yīncǐ) 因此 means therefore or as a result. It introduces the logical consequence of a stated cause, and is slightly more formal than 所以 (suǒyǐ). It can begin a sentence on its own. Meanings [conjunction] Therefore; as a result; for this reason; consequently. Example Sentences 他非常努力，因此成绩很好。 Tā fēicháng nǔlì, yīncǐ chéngjì hěn hǎo. He worked very hard; therefore his grades are very good. 外面下雨了，因此我们取消了活动。 Wàimiàn xià yǔ le, yīncǐ...
感冒 (gǎnmào) — to have a cold
感冒 (gǎnmào) 感冒 means to have a cold or the common cold. It is used as both a verb (to catch a cold) and a noun (a cold). It is one of the most common health-related words in everyday Chinese and often appears alongside 发烧 (to have a fever) and 头疼 (headache). Meanings [verb] To have a cold; to catch a cold. [noun] A cold; the common cold. Example Sentences...
来 (lái) — to come
来 (lái) 来 means "to come," indicating movement toward the speaker or toward the place the speaker considers the reference point. It is the opposite of 去 (qù). Use 来 when someone is moving in your direction; use 去 when someone is moving away from you toward another place. Meanings [verb] To come (movement toward the speaker). Example Sentences 你什么时候来我家？ Nǐ shénme shíhou lái wǒ jiā? When are you coming...
重要 (zhòngyào) — important
重要 (zhòngyào) 重要 is one of the most common adjectives in Chinese, meaning "important" or "significant." It describes anything that carries weight or consequence — a task, a person, a date, a decision. It can modify a noun (重要的事 — an important thing) or follow a verb (很重要 — very important). Meanings [adjective] Important; significant; essential; of great consequence. Example Sentences 健康是最重要的事情。 Jiànkāng shì zuì zhòngyào de shìqíng. Health is...
系统 (xìtǒng) — system; systematic
系统 (xìtǒng) 系统 refers to an organised set of interconnected components that function as a whole. As an adjective it means systematic or comprehensive. It is one of the most productive words in formal Chinese, appearing across science, technology, medicine, education, and management. Meanings [noun] system (biological, technological, social, administrative, etc.) [adjective] systematic; comprehensive; well-organised Example Sentences 人体的免疫系统是抵御疾病入侵的第一道防线。 Réntǐ de miǎnyì xìtǒng shì dǐyù jíbìng rùqīn de dì yī dào...
多样化 (duōyànghuà) — diversification, to diversify
多样化 (duōyànghuà) 多样化 describes the process of becoming or making something more diverse and varied, encompassing a broader range of forms, options, or approaches than before. Meanings [verb] to diversify, to become more varied and diverse [noun/adjective] diversification; diversified, varied Example Sentences 消费者需求的多样化促使企业不断开发新产品。 Xiāofèi zhě xūqiú de duōyàng huà cùshǐ qǐyè bùduàn kāifā xīn chǎnpǐn. The diversification of consumer demand has prompted companies to continuously develop new products. 现代社会中，人们的生活方式日趋多样化。 Xiàndài...
记忆力 (jìyìlì) — memory (ability)
记忆力 (jìyìlì) 记忆力 refers specifically to the mental capacity or faculty to retain and recall information, as opposed to 记忆 (jìyì) which can mean a specific memory or the act of memorizing. Meanings [noun] memory; the ability to remember; retentive power Example Sentences 他的记忆力非常好，能记住很多细节。 Tā de jìyìlì fēicháng hǎo, néng jìzhù hěn duō xìjié. His memory is excellent; he can remember many details. 随着年龄增长，记忆力往往会有所下降。 Suízhe niánlíng zēngzhǎng, jìyìlì wǎngwǎng huì...
生态系统 (shēngtài xìtǒng) — ecosystem
生态系统 (shēngtài xìtǒng) A 生态系统 is a complex network of living organisms and their physical environment interacting as a functional unit, a concept central to both environmental science and modern technology discourse. Meanings [noun] ecosystem; a self-sustaining system of organisms and their environment Example Sentences 珊瑚礁是地球上最脆弱的生态系统之一。 Shānhú jiāo shì dìqiú shàng zuì cuìruò de shēngtài xìtǒng zhī yī. Coral reefs are among the most fragile ecosystems on Earth. 人类活动正在严重破坏海洋生态系统。 Rénlèi...
宪法 (xiànfǎ) — constitution
宪法 (xiànfǎ) A constitution is the fundamental law of a nation that establishes the structure of government, the rights of citizens, and the principles that all other laws must follow. Meanings [noun] constitution; the fundamental/supreme law of a state Example Sentences 宪法是国家的根本大法，具有最高法律效力。 Xiànfǎ shì guójiā de gēnběn dàfǎ, jùyǒu zuìgāo fǎlǜ xiàolì. The constitution is the fundamental law of the country and has the highest legal authority. 所有公民的基本权利都受宪法的保护。 Suǒyǒu gōngmín...
哪怕 (nǎpà) — even if; no matter
哪怕 (nǎpà) 哪怕 is a concessive conjunction meaning "even if" or "no matter how," used to express that the outcome in the main clause holds regardless of the condition introduced. Meanings [conjunction] even if; even though; no matter (introduces an extreme concessive condition) Example Sentences 哪怕只有一线希望，我也要坚持下去。 Nǎpà zhǐyǒu yī xiàn xīwàng, wǒ yě yào jiānchí xiàqù. Even if there is only a sliver of hope, I will keep going. 哪怕下大雪，她也会按时来上班。...
规律 (guīlǜ) — law, pattern, regularity
规律 (guīlǜ) 规律 refers to a regular, predictable pattern or natural law that governs phenomena, implying an inherent order or recurring regularity that can be observed and understood. Meanings [noun] law, regularity, pattern (natural or social) [noun] regular rhythm, routine (of life or events) Example Sentences 科学研究的目的就是发现和掌握自然界的规律。 Kēxué yánjiū de mùdì jiùshì fāxiàn hé zhǎngwò zìrán jiè de guīlǜ. The purpose of scientific research is to discover and master the...
价值 (jiàzhí) — value; worth
价值 (jiàzhí) 价值 refers to the worth or importance of something, whether monetary, practical, or philosophical. Meanings [noun] Value; worth; importance. Example Sentences 这幅画的艺术价值很高。 Zhè fú huà de yìshù jiàzhí hěn gāo. This painting has very high artistic value. 金钱不是衡量一个人价值的唯一标准。 Jīnqián bù shì héngliàng yīgè rén jiàzhí de wéiyī biāozhǔn. Money is not the only standard for measuring a person's worth. 这份工作对我来说有很大的价值。 Zhè fèn gōngzuò duì wǒ lái shuō yǒu...
气候 (qìhòu) — climate
气候 (qìhòu) 气候 means climate. It refers to the long-term weather patterns typical of a region, as opposed to 天气 (tiānqì), which is the weather on any given day. 气 means air or atmosphere, and 候 means season or time period. A useful contrast: 今天天气怎么样 (What is the weather like today?) uses 天气, while 这里的气候很好 (The climate here is very nice) uses 气候. One is a daily snapshot; the other...
打算 (dǎsuàn) — to plan
打算 (dǎsuàn) 打算 expresses a personal plan or intention. It is followed directly by a verb phrase stating what you intend to do, and it describes plans that are not yet finalized. Meanings [verb] To plan; to intend; to have in mind to do. [noun] A plan; an intention. Example Sentences 你打算去哪儿度假？ Nǐ dǎsuàn qù nǎr dùjià? Where do you plan to go on vacation? 我打算明年去中国留学。 Wǒ dǎsuàn míngnián qù...
对 (duì) — correct; right; toward; to
对 (duì) 对 is one of the most versatile characters in Mandarin. As an adjective it means correct or right. As a preposition it means "toward" or "to" someone, introducing who an action is directed at. It also appears in the common affirmative reply 对 (correct/yes, that's right). Meanings [adjective] Correct; right. The answer or action matches what is expected. [preposition] Toward; to; regarding. Introduces the person or thing that...
屏幕 (píngmù) — screen
屏幕 (píngmù) 屏幕 refers to the screen or display of any electronic device, including smartphones, computers, tablets, and televisions. It is used in both technical descriptions and casual speech. Meanings [noun] screen; the display surface of an electronic device Example Sentences 手机屏幕碎了，需要换一块。 Shǒujī píngmù suì le, xūyào huàn yī kuài. The phone screen is cracked; it needs to be replaced. 这台电视的屏幕非常清晰。 Zhè tái diànshì de píngmù fēicháng qīngxī. The screen...
比较 (bǐjiào) — relatively / to compare
比较 (bǐjiào) 比较 works both as an adverb meaning "relatively" or "comparatively" and as a verb meaning "to compare." As an adverb it softens or qualifies a description without an explicit comparison partner. Meanings [adverb] Relatively; comparatively; rather; fairly. [verb] To compare; to contrast. Example Sentences 今天天气比较冷。 Jīntiān tiānqì bǐjiào lěng. Today's weather is relatively cold. 我比较喜欢吃中餐。 Wǒ bǐjiào xǐhuān chī Zhōngcān. I rather prefer eating Chinese food. 请比较这两种方法。 Qǐng...
文件 (wénjiàn) — document; file; official paper
文件 (wénjiàn) 文件 refers to a document, file, or official paper, whether physical or digital, containing written information that serves as a record or official communication. Meanings [noun] a document; a file; an official paper; a record Example Sentences 请把这份文件发给所有部门的负责人。 Qǐng bǎ zhè fèn wénjiàn fāgěi suǒyǒu bùmén de fùzérén. Please send this document to the heads of all departments. 我需要打印几份重要文件。 Wǒ xūyào dǎyìn jǐ fèn zhòngyào wénjiàn. I need...
相反 (xiāngfǎn) — opposite; on the contrary
相反 (xiāngfǎn) 相反 is used to express opposition or contradiction between two things, either as an adjective describing opposite states or as a discourse marker introducing a contrasting statement. Meanings [adjective] opposite; contrary; reverse [adverb/conjunction] on the contrary; conversely Example Sentences 他们两人的性格截然相反，一个内敛，一个开朗。 Tāmen liǎng rén de xìnggé jiérán xiāngfǎn, yī gè nèilǎn, yī gè kāilǎng. The two of them have completely opposite personalities -- one introverted, one outgoing. 我以为他会反对，相反，他非常支持这个计划。 Wǒ...
观点 (guāndiǎn) — viewpoint; standpoint; perspective
观点 (guāndiǎn) 观点 refers to a person's particular position or perspective on an issue. Meanings [noun] viewpoint; standpoint; perspective; point of view Example Sentences 我同意你的观点，这个计划很好。 Wǒ tóngyì nǐ de guāndiǎn, zhège jìhuà hěn hǎo. I agree with your viewpoint; this plan is very good. 每个人对这件事都有不同的观点。 Měi gè rén duì zhè jiàn shì dōu yǒu bùtóng de guāndiǎn. Everyone has a different perspective on this matter. 你能说明一下你的观点吗？ Nǐ néng shuōmíng yīxià...
曾经 (céngjīng) — once / at one time
曾经 (céngjīng) 曾经 means once or at one time, always referring to something that happened in the past. It emphasizes that an experience existed at some previous point, often contrasting with the present. It frequently appears with 过 to mark completed past experience. An important usage note: 曾经 always looks backward. You cannot use it for the future or present. If you want to say "I have been to Beijing,"...
走 (zǒu) — to walk / to leave
走 (zǒu) A common verb meaning "to walk" when describing the manner of movement, and "to leave" or "to go" when describing departure. Context determines which meaning is intended. Meanings [verb] To walk, to go on foot. [verb] To leave, to depart, to go away. Example Sentences 我每天走路上学。 Wǒ měitiān zǒulù shàngxué. I walk to school every day. 他走了，你来晚了。 Tā zǒu le, nǐ lái wǎn le. He has left, you...
下载 (xiàzài) — to download
下载 (xiàzài) 下载 means to download, referring to transferring files, apps, or data from the internet or a server to a local device. It is one of the most commonly used tech verbs in everyday Chinese. Meanings [verb] to download; to transfer data from a remote source to a local device Example Sentences 我需要下载这个应用程序。 Wǒ xūyào xiàzài zhège yìngyòng chéngxù. I need to download this application. 文件太大，下载需要一点时间。 Wénjiàn tài dà,...
总结 (zǒngjié) — to summarize; conclusion
总结 (zǒngjié) 总结 means to review and draw conclusions from a completed process or period of work, and is one of the most commonly used words in Chinese professional, academic, and organizational life. Meanings [verb] to summarize; to review and draw conclusions; to wrap up [noun] a summary; a review; a concluding assessment Example Sentences 每学期结束时，老师都会对学生的表现作出总结。 Měi xuéqī jiéshù shí, lǎoshī dōu huì duì xuésheng de biǎoxiàn zuòchū zǒngjié. At...
落后 (luòhòu) — to fall behind; backward
落后 (luòhòu) To fall behind in development, progress, or competition is the core sense of 落后, a word used widely in economic, educational, and social contexts. Meanings [verb] to fall behind; to lag behind [adjective] backward; underdeveloped; outdated Example Sentences 他在比赛中落后了五分钟。 Tā zài bǐsài zhōng luòhòu le wǔ fēnzhōng. He fell five minutes behind in the race. 这个地区的经济发展相对落后。 Zhège dìqū de jīngjì fāzhǎn xiāngduì luòhòu. The economic development of this...
课程 (kèchéng) — course; curriculum
课程 (kèchéng) 课程 refers to a structured course of study, a curriculum, or a program of classes, and is essential vocabulary for discussing education, training, and academic planning in Chinese. Meanings [noun] course; class; curriculum; program of study Example Sentences 这门课程每周上三次课。 Zhè mén kèchéng měi zhōu shàng sān cì kè. This course meets three times a week. 学校为学生提供了丰富多样的选修课程。 Xuéxiào wèi xuéshēng tígōng le fēngfù duōyàng de xuǎnxiū kèchéng. The school...
哭 (kū) — to cry
哭 (kū) 哭 means to cry or weep, expressing sadness, pain, or strong emotion through tears and often sound. Meanings [verb] to cry; to weep; to shed tears from emotion or pain Example Sentences 她看完那部电影就哭了。 Tā kàn wán nà bù diànyǐng jiù kū le. She cried after finishing that movie. 小孩子摔倒了，开始大声哭。 Xiǎo háizi shuāi dǎo le, kāishǐ dàshēng kū. The little child fell down and started crying loudly. 别哭了，一切都会好的。 Bié...
认真 (rènzhēn) — serious / earnest
认真 (rènzhēn) 认真 describes a serious, careful, and conscientious attitude toward work or study. Meanings [adjective] serious; earnest; conscientious; diligent; careful Example Sentences 她学习非常认真，每天都复习。 Tā xuéxí fēicháng rènzhēn, měitiān dōu fùxí. She studies very earnestly and reviews every day. 请认真听讲，不要走神。 Qǐng rènzhēn tīngjiǎng, bùyào zǒushén. Please listen carefully and do not let your mind wander. 认真工作的人更容易成功。 Rènzhēn gōngzuò de rén gèng róngyì chénggōng. People who work conscientiously are more likely...
部门 (bùmén) — department; section; division
部门 (bùmén) 部门 refers to a distinct unit or division within an organization, government, or company. Meanings [noun] Department; section; division; unit (within an organization). Example Sentences 你在哪个部门工作？ Nǐ zài nǎge bùmén gōngzuò? Which department do you work in? 这件事需要各个部门合作完成。 Zhè jiàn shì xūyào gège bùmén hézuò wánchéng. This matter requires cooperation from every department to complete. 销售部门本季度超额完成了任务。 Xiāoshòu bùmén běn jìdù chāo'é wánchéngle rènwù. The sales department exceeded its...
互联网 (hùliánwǎng) — internet; web
互联网 (hùliánwǎng) 互联网 is the Chinese term for the internet, referring to the global network that connects computers and devices worldwide. Meanings [noun] the internet, the worldwide computer network Example Sentences 互联网改变了我们的生活方式。 Hùliánwǎng gǎibiàn le wǒmen de shēnghuó fāngshì. The internet has changed our way of life. 现在很多人通过互联网购物。 Xiànzài hěn duō rén tōngguò hùliánwǎng gòuwù. Many people now shop through the internet. 互联网让全世界的人可以互相交流。 Hùliánwǎng ràng quán shìjiè de rén kěyǐ...
短信 (duǎnxìn) — text message
短信 (duǎnxìn) 短信 means text message or SMS. 短 means short and 信 means message or letter. Together they describe the brief electronic messages sent between mobile phones. Meanings [noun] Text message; SMS; short message. Example Sentences 我给他发了一条短信。 Wǒ gěi tā fā le yī tiáo duǎnxìn. I sent him a text message. 他还没有回我的短信。 Tā hái méiyǒu huí wǒ de duǎnxìn. He hasn't replied to my text message yet. 你看到我发的短信了吗？ Nǐ...
有 (yǒu) — to have; there is/are
有 (yǒu) 有 expresses two related ideas: possession ("I have") and existence ("there is/are"). It is the word to use when English says "have." Do not use 是 (shì) for possession. 是 links identities; 有 indicates possession or existence. Meanings [verb] To have (possession). [verb] There is, there are (existence). Example Sentences 我有一个弟弟。 Wǒ yǒu yī gè dìdi. I have a younger brother. 桌子上有一本书。 Zhuōzi shang yǒu yī běn shū....
机会 (jīhuì) — opportunity, chance
机会 (jīhuì) 机会 means opportunity or chance. 机 here carries the sense of "a critical moment" and 会 means "occasion." Together they describe a favorable window of time to act. Meanings [noun] Opportunity, chance. Example Sentences 这是一个很好的机会。 Zhè shì yīgè hěn hǎo de jīhuì. This is a great opportunity. 我没有机会去中国。 Wǒ méiyǒu jīhuì qù Zhōngguó. I haven't had the chance to go to China. 希望你抓住这个机会。 Xīwàng nǐ zhuā zhù zhège...
感激 (gǎnjī) — to be grateful
感激 (gǎnjī) 感激 expresses a deep sense of gratitude, stronger and more formal than simply saying thank you. Meanings [verb] to be grateful; to feel gratitude; to appreciate deeply Example Sentences 我非常感激您对我的帮助。 Wǒ fēicháng gǎnjī nín duì wǒ de bāngzhù. I am deeply grateful for your help. 她感激地看着老师，说不出话来。 Tā gǎnjī de kànzhe lǎoshī, shuō bù chū huà lái. She looked at the teacher with gratitude, unable to say a word....
克制 (kèzhì) — to restrain, self-control
克制 (kèzhì) 克制 refers to the act of consciously suppressing or restraining one's emotions, desires, or impulses through willpower and discipline. Meanings [verb] to restrain, to suppress, to hold back (emotions or impulses) [adjective] restrained, self-controlled, measured Example Sentences 面对挑衅，他努力克制住自己的愤怒。 Miànduì tiǎoxìn, tā nǔlì kèzhì zhù zìjǐ de fènnù. Facing provocation, he worked hard to restrain his anger. 谈判代表在整个过程中保持了高度克制。 Tánpàn dàibiǎo zài zhěnggè guòchéng zhōng bǎochí le gāodù kèzhì. The...
题目 (títu) — title / topic / question
题目 (títu) 题目 covers the title of an essay, book, or speech, the topic or subject of a discussion, and an exam or exercise question. It is closely related to 题 (tí) alone, but 题目 is the full form used in most formal and everyday contexts. Meanings [noun] Title; heading (of an essay, article, or work). [noun] Topic; subject (of a speech or discussion). [noun] Question; exercise problem (in a...
拿出去 (ná chūqu) — take out (away)
拿出去 (ná chūqu) 拿出去 is a verb with a compound directional complement. 拿 (to take / hold) is the base verb; 出去 (go out / exit, away from the speaker) shows that the object moves from inside to outside and away from the current location. Compare 拿出来 (take out here, toward the speaker). Structure 拿 (take / hold) + 出去 (directional complement: out and away) = take something out (away...
你好 (nǐ hǎo) — hello; hi
你好 (nǐ hǎo) 你好 is the standard everyday greeting in Mandarin, equivalent to "hello" or "hi." It is used when greeting one person in an informal or neutral setting. Meanings [phrase] Hello; hi. A general greeting directed at one person. Example Sentences 你好！很高兴认识你。 Nǐ hǎo! Hěn gāoxìng rènshí nǐ. Hello! Nice to meet you. 你好，请问你叫什么名字？ Nǐ hǎo, qǐngwèn nǐ jiào shénme míngzì? Hello, may I ask your name? A: 你好！...
通知 (tōngzhī) — to notify
通知 (tōngzhī) 通知 means to inform or notify someone about something, especially an official or important matter. As a noun it refers to a notice, announcement, or circular. Meanings [verb] To notify; to inform; to let know. [noun] A notice; an announcement; a notification. Example Sentences 老师通知我们明天考试。 Lǎoshī tōngzhī wǒmen míngtiān kǎoshì. The teacher notified us that there is an exam tomorrow. 请把这个通知发给所有人。 Qǐng bǎ zhège tōngzhī fāgěi suǒyǒu rén....
信息茧房 (xìnxī jiǎnfáng) — information cocoon; filter bubble
信息茧房 (xìnxī jiǎnfáng) 信息茧房 refers to the phenomenon where individuals become enclosed in a self-reinforcing information environment due to algorithmic filtering and selective exposure, limiting their access to diverse viewpoints and creating an "echo chamber" effect. Meanings [noun] information cocoon; filter bubble; echo chamber (the phenomenon of individuals being enclosed in a self-reinforcing, algorithmically curated information environment) Example Sentences 算法推荐系统在提高用户体验的同时，也加剧了信息茧房现象，让人们只看到与自己观点相符的内容。 Suànfǎ tuījiàn xìtǒng zài tígāo yònghù tǐyàn de tóngshí, yě...
能力 (nénglì) — ability
能力 (nénglì) 能力 means ability, capability, or capacity. It refers to the power or skill to do something, whether innate or developed through practice. Meanings [noun] Ability; capability; capacity; competence; skill. Example Sentences 他有很强的学习能力。 Tā yǒu hěn qiáng de xuéxí nénglì. He has very strong learning ability. 这份工作需要很高的能力。 Zhè fèn gōngzuò xūyào hěn gāo de nénglì. This job requires a high level of ability. 她的语言能力非常突出。 Tā de yǔyán nénglì fēicháng...
网络 (wǎngluò) — network; online
网络 (wǎngluò) 网络 literally means a net-like structure. In modern Chinese it refers to computer networks, the internet, and the online world in general. It is a broader and more versatile term than 互联网 (the global Internet) and can refer to any type of network. Meanings [noun] network (computer, social, transport, etc.) [noun] the internet; the online world (colloquially) [adjective] online; internet-based; cyber Example Sentences 网络谣言传播速度极快，往往在核实之前已造成严重社会影响。 Wǎngluò yáoyán chuánbō sùdù...
诠释 (quánshì) — to interpret; to explain
诠释 (quánshì) 诠释 means to interpret or explain something in a thorough, often definitive way, and is used for interpreting texts, concepts, performances, or the meaning of experiences. Meanings [verb] to interpret; to explain thoroughly; to give an interpretation of [noun] interpretation; explanation Example Sentences 这位演员用精湛的表演诠释了这个角色。 Zhè wèi yǎnyuán yòng jīngzhàn de biǎoyǎn quánshì le zhège juésè. This actor gave a superb interpretation of the character through his brilliant performance....
有趣 (yǒuqù) — interesting / fun
有趣 (yǒuqù) 有趣 means interesting, fun, or amusing. It describes something that captures your attention and makes you want to learn more or engage with it. 有 means to have, and 趣 means interest or charm. A related word is 有意思 (yǒu yìsi), which also means interesting or meaningful. Both are common, but 有趣 leans more toward fun and amusing, while 有意思 leans more toward thought-provoking or meaningful. Meanings [adjective]...
长 (cháng) — long
长 (cháng) An adjective meaning "long," referring to physical length (a long road) or duration (a long time). Its antonym is 短 (duǎn), meaning "short." Note: 长 has a second reading, zhǎng, meaning "to grow" or "elder," but the HSK 1 meaning is cháng (long). Meanings [adjective] Long (in physical length or time duration). Example Sentences 这条路很长。 Zhè tiáo lù hěn cháng. This road is very long. 她的头发很长。 Tā de...
时代 (shídài) — era; age; times
时代 (shídài) 时代 describes a broad period of time defined by particular social, cultural, or technological characteristics, larger in scope than 时间 (shíjiān). Meanings [noun] era; age; period; times Example Sentences 我们生活在一个信息时代。 Wǒmen shēnghuó zài yīgè xìnxī shídài. We live in an information age. 那是一个非常重要的历史时代。 Nà shì yīgè fēicháng zhòngyào de lìshǐ shídài. That was a very important era in history. 时代变了，年轻人的想法也不一样了。 Shídài biàn le, niánqīngrén de xiǎngfǎ yě bù...
输 (shū) — to lose (a competition)
输 (shū) 输 is the opposite of 赢 (yíng), and refers to losing a competition, game, bet, or argument. Meanings [verb] to lose; to be defeated in a competition or game Example Sentences 我们队昨天输了比赛。 Wǒmen duì zuótiān shū le bǐsài. Our team lost the match yesterday. 他下棋从来不愿意输。 Tā xià qí cónglái bù yuànyì shū. He never wants to lose at chess. 输了没关系，重要的是参与。 Shū le méi guānxi, zhòngyào de shì cānyù....
从众 (cóngzhòng) — conformity; to conform
从众 (cóngzhòng) 从众 describes the social phenomenon where individuals change their behavior, opinions, or actions to match the majority or the group. It is a core concept in social psychology, closely related to peer pressure and groupthink. While 从众 can promote social harmony, excessive conformity may suppress individuality and independent thinking. Meanings noun/verb conformity; to conform, to follow the crowd, to go along with the majority Example Sentences 从众心理是人类社会中普遍存在的现象。 Cóngzhòng...
商店 (shāngdiàn) — shop, store
商店 (shāngdiàn) A shop or store where goods are sold to customers. This word refers to any general retail establishment. Meanings [noun] Shop, store. A place where goods are sold commercially. Example Sentences 商店几点开门？ Shāngdiàn jǐ diǎn kāimén? What time does the shop open? 这个商店很大。 Zhège shāngdiàn hěn dà. This store is very large. 我在商店买了水。 Wǒ zài shāngdiàn mǎile shuǐ. I bought water at the store. 商店里有很多东西。 Shāngdiàn lǐ yǒu...
交流 (jiāoliú) — to exchange; to communicate; exchange
交流 (jiāoliú) 交流 describes the two-way sharing of ideas, information, or experiences, emphasizing the mutual and interactive nature of the exchange. Meanings [verb] To exchange, to communicate, to share (ideas, experiences, views). [noun] An exchange, communication, interaction. Example Sentences 这次国际学术会议为来自不同国家的研究人员提供了交流的平台。 Zhè cì guójì xuéshù huìyì wèi láizì bùtóng guójiā de yánjiū rényuán tígōng le jiāoliú de píngtái. This international academic conference provided a platform for researchers from different countries to...
医生 (yīshēng) — Doctor
医生 (yīshēng) 医生 is the general term for a medical doctor or physician in Chinese. Meanings [noun] doctor; physician; medical practitioner Example Sentences 医生建议我多休息，少工作。 Yīshēng jiànyì wǒ duō xiūxi, shǎo gōngzuò. The doctor advised me to rest more and work less. 她从小就想成为一名医生。 Tā cóng xiǎo jiù xiǎng chéngwéi yī míng yīshēng. She has wanted to become a doctor since she was young. 请问，这里有没有会说英语的医生？ Qǐngwèn, zhèlǐ yǒu méiyǒu huì shuō Yīngyǔ...
中心 (zhōngxīn) — center / core
中心 (zhōngxīn) Refers to the center point of a place or the core focus of a topic or activity. Meanings [noun] Center, the middle point of a space or area. [noun] Core, the main focus or hub of something. Example Sentences 购物中心在城市的中心。 Gòuwù zhōngxīn zài chéngshì de zhōngxīn. The shopping center is in the center of the city. 北京是中国的政治中心。 Běijīng shì Zhōngguó de zhèngzhì zhōngxīn. Beijing is the political center...
不客气 (bù kèqi) — you're welcome
不客气 (bù kèqi) 不客气 means "you're welcome." It is the standard response to 谢谢 (thank you) and signals that no formality or debt is needed. Meanings [phrase] You're welcome; don't mention it; no need to be polite. Example Sentences A: 谢谢你！ B: 不客气！ A: Xièxiè nǐ! B: Bù kèqi! A: Thank you! B: You're welcome! 不客气，这是我应该做的。 Bù kèqi, zhè shì wǒ yīnggāi zuò de. You're welcome, this is what I...
完全 (wánquán) — completely; entirely; total; perfect
完全 (wánquán) 完全 is used to indicate that something is total, absolute, or without exception, functioning most often as an adverb. Meanings [adverb] completely; entirely — to an absolute or total degree, leaving nothing out [adjective] total; perfect; complete — having all necessary parts or qualities Example Sentences 我完全同意你的看法。 Wǒ wánquán tóngyì nǐ de kànfǎ. I completely agree with your view. 这件事完全是误会。 Zhè jiàn shì wánquán shì wùhuì. This matter...
历程 (lìchéng) — course; journey; process
历程 (lìchéng) 历程 refers to the course or journey that something or someone goes through over time, emphasizing the process of development or change. Meanings [noun] course, process, or journey of development through a period of time Example Sentences 这本书记录了他的成长历程。 Zhè běn shū jìlù le tā de chéngzhǎng lìchéng. This book records his journey of growing up. 中国的现代化历程令世界瞩目。 Zhōngguó de xiàndàihuà lìchéng lìng shìjiè zhǔmù. China's modernization process has attracted...
耐心 (nàixīn) — patient; patience
耐心 (nàixīn) 耐心 describes the ability to remain calm and composed while waiting or dealing with something slow or difficult. Meanings [adj/noun] patient; patience; the ability to endure delay or difficulty without losing composure Example Sentences 老师很耐心地给我们解释每一道题。 Lǎoshī hěn nàixīn de gěi wǒmen jiěshì měi yī dào tí. The teacher patiently explained every question to us. 做这份工作需要很大的耐心。 Zuò zhè fèn gōngzuò xūyào hěn dà de nàixīn. This job requires a...
窗户 (chuānghù) — window
窗户 (chuānghù) A noun meaning window. The full form 窗户 is used in speech, while the single character 窗 (chuāng) appears more in written and compound forms. A window is a frame in a wall that lets in light and air. Meanings [noun] Window. Example Sentences 请打开窗户，空气不好。 Qǐng dǎkāi chuānghù, kōngqì bù hǎo. Please open the window, the air is bad. 窗户外面有一棵大树。 Chuānghù wàimiàn yǒu yī kē dà shù. There...
需求 (xūqiú) — demand; need; requirement
需求 (xūqiú) 需求 refers to a requirement, need, or demand, whether personal, commercial, or economic. Meanings [noun] Demand; need; requirement; want. Example Sentences 市场对高技能人才的需求越来越大。 Shìchǎng duì gāo jìnéng réncái de xūqiú yuè lái yuè dà. The market's demand for highly skilled talent is growing. 这款产品满足了消费者的需求。 Zhè kuǎn chǎnpǐn mǎnzúle xiāofèizhě de xūqiú. This product meets the needs of consumers. 了解客户需求是服务的第一步。 Liǎojiě kèhù xūqiú shì fúwù de dì yī bù. Understanding...
搬 (bān) — to move (objects or residence)
搬 (bān) 搬 means to move something from one place to another, usually by carrying it. It is used both for moving objects and for moving house or residence. 搬家 (to move house) is one of the most common compounds. Meanings [verb] To move an object by carrying it from one place to another. [verb] To move house; to relocate one's residence. Example Sentences 帮我搬一下这张桌子。 Bāng wǒ bān yīxià zhè...
先进 (xiānjìn) — advanced, progressive
先进 (xiānjìn) 先进 describes something that is at the forefront of development, ahead of current standards, and worthy of being learned from or emulated. Meanings [adjective] advanced, progressive, cutting-edge [noun] an advanced individual or model worker (used in socialist contexts to praise exemplary people) Example Sentences 我们应该积极学习和引进先进的技术。 Wǒmen yīnggāi jījí xuéxí hé yǐnjìn xiānjìn de jìshù. We should actively learn from and introduce advanced technology. 这家工厂采用了最先进的生产设备。 Zhè jiā gōngchǎng cǎiyòng...
领导 (lǐngdǎo) — to lead; leader; leadership
领导 (lǐngdǎo) 领导 functions as both a verb meaning to lead or guide an organisation, and as a noun referring to a leader or the leadership of an organisation, and is one of the most common words in Chinese organisational and political vocabulary. Meanings [verb] to lead; to guide; to head (an organisation or group) [noun] leader; leaders; leadership; those in charge Example Sentences 她被任命为新部门的负责人，领导一支由三十人组成的团队。 Tā bèi rènmìng wéi xīn...
立刻 (lìkè) — immediately; at once; right away
立刻 (lìkè) 立刻 describes an action happening immediately, without any delay, equivalent to "at once," "right away," or "immediately." Meanings [adverb] Immediately; at once; right away (no delay between trigger and action). Example Sentences 听到消息后，他立刻给家人打了电话。 Tīng dào xiāoxi hòu, tā lìkè gěi jiārén dǎ le diànhuà. After hearing the news, he immediately called his family. 老师一说开始，学生们立刻安静下来。 Lǎoshī yī shuō kāishǐ, xuéshengmen lìkè ānjìng xiàlái. As soon as the teacher said...
营养 (yíngyǎng) — nutrition, nourishment
营养 (yíngyǎng) 营养 refers to the nutrients a body needs and the concept of eating well for health. It is widely used in discussions about food, diet, and healthy living. Meanings [noun] nutrition; nourishment; the nutritional value of food Example Sentences 这道菜营养很丰富，对身体很好。 Zhè dào cài yíngyǎng hěn fēngfù, duì shēntǐ hěn hǎo. This dish is very nutritious and good for the body. 孩子在成长期需要充足的营养。 Háizi zài chéngzhǎng qī xūyào chōngzú de...
思考 (sīkǎo) — to think; to ponder
思考 (sīkǎo) 思考 means to think carefully or reflect on something -- it implies a deliberate, focused mental effort rather than casual thought. Meanings [verb] to think (carefully); to ponder; to reflect on [noun] thought; reflection; consideration Example Sentences 请认真思考这个问题。 Qǐng rènzhēn sīkǎo zhège wèntí. Please think carefully about this question. 他深思考了很久才做出决定。 Tā shēn sīkǎole hěn jiǔ cái zuòchū juédìng. He pondered for a long time before making a decision....
动作 (dòngzuò) — action; movement
动作 (dòngzuò) 动作 refers to a physical action or body movement, used in contexts from daily life to sports and performance. Meanings [noun] action; movement; motion; gesture Example Sentences 她的舞蹈动作非常优美。 Tā de wǔdǎo dòngzuò fēicháng yōuměi. Her dance movements are extremely graceful. 请跟我做这个动作。 Qǐng gēn wǒ zuò zhège dòngzuò. Please follow me and do this movement. 他的动作很快，比赛结束前就完成了任务。 Tā de dòngzuò hěn kuài, bǐsài jiéshù qián jiù wánchéng le rènwù. His...
明显 (míngxiǎn) — obvious; evident; clear; marked
明显 (míngxiǎn) 明显 describes something that is easy to notice, clearly visible, or unmistakably apparent. Meanings [adjective] obvious; evident; clear; marked — readily apparent or noticeably distinguishable Example Sentences 他的进步非常明显。 Tā de jìnbù fēicháng míngxiǎn. His progress is very obvious. 这两个方案有明显的区别。 Zhè liǎng gè fāng'àn yǒu míngxiǎn de qūbié. There is a clear difference between these two plans. 她明显不高兴。 Tā míngxiǎn bù gāoxìng. She is obviously unhappy. 质量有了明显的提高。 Zhìliàng yǒu...
跑回去 (pǎo huíqu) — run back
跑回去 (pǎo huíqu) 跑回去 is a verb with a compound directional complement. 跑 (to run) is the base verb; 回去 (go back, away from the speaker) is the directional complement indicating a return movement directed away from the current location. Compare 跑回来 (run back here, toward the speaker). Structure 跑 (run) + 回去 (directional complement: go back away from speaker) = run back (away). Other base verbs with 回去: 走回去...
洪水 (hóngshuǐ) — Flood, floodwater
洪水 (hóngshuǐ) 洪水 refers to an overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal confines, especially onto dry land -- a natural disaster that can cause widespread damage to communities and ecosystems. Meanings [noun] flood; floodwater; inundation Example Sentences 连日暴雨导致河流决堤，洪水淹没了整个村庄。 Lián rì bàoyǔ dǎozhì héliú juédī, hóngshuǐ yānmòle zhěnggè cūnzhuāng. Continuous heavy rain caused the river to burst its banks, and the flood submerged the entire village. 气候变化使洪水发生的频率和强度都在增加。...
正确 (zhèngquè) — correct / right
正确 (zhèngquè) 正确 means correct, right, or accurate, used to evaluate answers, methods, attitudes, and decisions. Meanings [adjective] correct; right; accurate; proper Example Sentences 你的答案是正确的。 Nǐ de dá'àn shì zhèngquè de. Your answer is correct. 我们需要用正确的方法解决问题。 Wǒmen xūyào yòng zhèngquè de fāngfǎ jiějué wèntí. We need to use the correct method to solve the problem. 他的判断非常正确。 Tā de pànduàn fēicháng zhèngquè. His judgment was very accurate. 保持正确的态度很重要。 Bǎochí zhèngquè de...
专业 (zhuānyè) — major; professional; specialized
专业 (zhuānyè) 专业 refers to a field of specialized study or professional expertise, and as an adjective it describes something done with high skill and expertise at a professional level. Meanings [noun] major; academic discipline; field of study or work [adjective] professional; specialized; expert-level Example Sentences 她大学选择了计算机科学专业，毕业后进入了一家知名科技公司。 Tā dàxué xuǎnzéle jìsuànjī kēxué zhuānyè, bìyè hòu jìnrùle yī jiā zhīmíng kējì gōngsī. She chose computer science as her major in college...
顺序 (shùnxù) — order / sequence
顺序 (shùnxù) 顺序 refers to the order or sequence of things — the arrangement in which steps, people, or events follow each other. It implies a proper or intended flow, often used when giving instructions, describing procedures, or talking about queues and rankings. Meanings [noun] Order; sequence; arrangement; the correct or logical order of steps or items. Example Sentences 请按顺序回答问题。 Qǐng àn shùnxù huídá wèntí. Please answer the questions in...
社会 (shèhuì) — society
社会 (shèhuì) 社会 refers to human beings collectively living in organized communities with shared laws, traditions, and values, and is one of the most fundamental concepts in Chinese social science discourse. Meanings [noun] society; community; the social world Example Sentences 每个公民都有责任为社会的发展做出贡献。 Měi gè gōngmín dōu yǒu zérèn wèi shèhuì de fāzhǎn zuò chū gòngxiàn. Every citizen has a responsibility to contribute to the development of society. 信息技术的发展深刻地改变了现代社会的面貌。 Xìnxī jìshù de...
礼物 (lǐwù) — gift
礼物 (lǐwù) 礼物 is the standard word for a gift or present — something given to someone as a gesture of affection, celebration, or gratitude. Meanings [noun] Gift; present. Example Sentences 我给她买了一件生日礼物。 Wǒ gěi tā mǎi le yī jiàn shēngrì lǐwù. I bought her a birthday gift. 谢谢你的礼物，我非常喜欢！ Xièxiè nǐ de lǐwù, wǒ fēicháng xǐhuān! Thank you for your gift; I like it very much! 他从中国带回来了很多礼物。 Tā cóng Zhōngguó dài...
公关 (gōngguān) — public relations, PR
公关 (gōngguān) 公关 is the abbreviated form of 公共关系 (public relations) and refers to the strategic communication between an organization and its public, as well as the professionals who manage it. Meanings [noun] public relations (PR); a PR professional [verb] to do PR work, to manage public image through strategic communication Example Sentences 这次丑闻对公司造成了严重的公关危机。 Zhè cì chǒuwén duì gōngsī zàochéng le yánzhòng de gōngguān wēijī. This scandal caused a serious...
推广 (tuīguǎng) — to promote; to spread; to popularize
推广 (tuīguǎng) 推广 means to promote something so that it reaches a wider audience or is adopted more broadly, whether it is a technology, practice, language, product, or policy. Meanings [verb] to promote; to popularize; to spread; to roll out (to a wider audience or larger scale) Example Sentences 政府积极推广普通话教育，使不同方言地区的人们能够顺畅交流。 Zhèngfǔ jījí tuīguǎng pǔtōnghuà jiàoyù, shǐ bùtóng fāngyán dìqū de rénmen néng gòu shùnchàng jiāoliú. The government has actively promoted...
利用 (lìyòng) — to use; to make use of; to utilize
利用 (lìyòng) 利用 means to make use of or utilize something, taking advantage of available resources, opportunities, or situations to achieve a goal. Meanings [verb] to use, make use of, or utilize something for a specific purpose Example Sentences 我们应该充分利用有限的资源。 Wǒmen yīnggāi chōngfèn lìyòng yǒuxiàn de zīyuán. We should make full use of limited resources. 他利用空闲时间学习外语。 Tā lìyòng kòngxián shíjiān xuéxí wàiyǔ. He uses his free time to study foreign...
大数据 (dà shùjù) — big data
大数据 (dà shùjù) Big data refers to extremely large data sets that are analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations, especially relating to human behavior and interactions. Meanings [noun] big data; massive collections of digital information processed for insight Example Sentences 大数据正在改变我们的生活方式。 Dà shùjù zhèngzài gǎibiàn wǒmen de shēnghuó fāngshì. Big data is changing the way we live. 政府利用大数据来预测交通拥堵。 Zhèngfǔ lìyòng dà shùjù lái yùcè jiāotōng yōngdǔ. The government...
走过来 (zǒu guòlái) — walk over here
走过来 (zǒu guòlái) 走过来 is a verb with a compound directional complement. 走 (to walk) is the base verb; 过来 (come over / toward the speaker) is the directional complement indicating movement toward the person speaking. Contrast with 走过去 (walk over there, away from the speaker). Structure 走 (walk) + 过来 (directional complement: come this way) = walk toward the speaker. Other base verbs with 过来: 跑过来 (run over here),...
爬 (pá) — to climb
爬 (pá) 爬 means to climb or to crawl. It describes the action of moving upward using hands and feet, or moving on all fours along a surface. Meanings [verb] To climb; to scale (a mountain, wall, tree). [verb] To crawl; to move on hands and knees. Example Sentences 他们爬到了山顶。 Tāmen pá dào le shāndǐng. They climbed to the top of the mountain. 小孩子在地上爬来爬去。 Xiǎo háizi zài dìshang pá lái...
税收 (shuìshōu) — tax revenue, taxation
税收 (shuìshōu) 税收 refers to tax revenue — the income that a government collects from taxes. It can also refer to the system of taxation in general. Meanings n tax revenue, taxation, tax income Example Sentences 政府依靠税收来资助公共服务。 Zhèngfǔ yīkào shuìshōu lái zīzhù gōnggòng fúwù. The government relies on tax revenue to fund public services. 今年全国税收总额创下了历史新高。 Jīnnián quánguó shuìshōu zǒng'é chuàngxià le lìshǐ xīngāo. This year's total national tax revenue hit...
条 (tiáo) — measure word for long, flexible things
条 (tiáo) A measure word used for long, narrow, or flexible objects and for certain categories of things like trousers, fish, rivers, and roads. 条 captures the idea of something elongated or strip-like. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for long, narrow, or flexible objects. [noun] Strip, piece, item. Used in compound words like 面条 (noodles). What 条 counts 条 is used with: 鱼 (yú): fish — 一条鱼 (one fish) 裤子 (kùzi):...
效率 (xiàolǜ) — efficiency; effectiveness
效率 (xiàolǜ) 效率 refers to efficiency, describing how well resources such as time and energy are used to achieve results, with minimal waste. Meanings [noun] efficiency; effectiveness; productivity Example Sentences 提高工作效率是每个员工的目标。 Tígāo gōngzuò xiàolǜ shì měi gè yuángōng de mùbiāo. Improving work efficiency is the goal of every employee. 这个新软件大大提高了数据处理的效率。 Zhège xīn ruǎnjiàn dàdà tígāole shùjù chǔlǐ de xiàolǜ. This new software greatly improved data processing efficiency. 开会太多会降低团队的工作效率。 Kāihuì tài...
疫苗 (yìmiáo) — vaccine
疫苗 (yìmiáo) 疫苗 refers to a medical preparation introduced into the body to stimulate immunity against a specific disease, a term that became widely used in everyday Chinese during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanings [noun] vaccine; a preparation that provides immunity against a disease Example Sentences 科学家用不到一年的时间就研发出了新冠疫苗。 Kēxuéjiā yòng bù dào yī nián de shíjiān jiù yánfā chū le xīnguān yìmiáo. Scientists developed a COVID-19 vaccine in less than a year....
贸易 (màoyì) — trade; commerce
贸易 (màoyì) 贸易 refers to organized commercial exchange, particularly trade between countries or regions, and is one of the most important economic terms in Chinese. Meanings [noun] trade; commerce (especially international trade) Example Sentences 中美贸易关系近年来经历了很大变化。 Zhōng Měi màoyì guānxi jìnnián lái jīnglì le hěn dà biànhuà. Sino-American trade relations have undergone significant changes in recent years. 自由贸易协定有助于降低关税壁垒。 Zìyóu màoyì xiédìng yǒuzhù yú jiàngdī guānshuì bìlěi. Free trade agreements help reduce...
真 (zhēn) — really; truly
真 (zhēn) 真 is an intensifying adverb meaning "really" or "truly." It expresses genuine emotion or strong emphasis, and also serves as an adjective meaning "real" or "true." Meanings [adverb] Really; truly; genuinely (intensifier before adjectives or verbs). [adjective] Real; authentic; true. Example Sentences 这个菜真好吃！ Zhège cài zhēn hǎo chī! This dish is really delicious! 你真漂亮。 Nǐ zhēn piàoliang. You are truly beautiful. 这是真的吗？ Zhè shì zhēn de ma? Is...
巩固 (gǒnggù) — to consolidate; to strengthen
巩固 (gǒnggù) To consolidate or strengthen means to make something more solid, stable, and secure, preventing it from weakening or being lost. Meanings [verb] to consolidate; to strengthen; to reinforce; to solidify; to make secure Example Sentences 学生需要通过反复练习来巩固所学的知识。 Xuéshēng xūyào tōngguò fǎnfù liànxí lái gǒnggù suǒ xué de zhīshi. Students need to consolidate what they have learned through repeated practice. 这次改革旨在巩固市场经济体制。 Zhè cì gǎigé zhǐ zài gǒnggù shìchǎng jīngjì tǐzhì....
苦 (kǔ) — bitter
苦 (kǔ) 苦 describes a bitter taste, as found in certain vegetables, medicines, or coffee. It is also widely used figuratively to mean hardship, suffering, or a difficult life. Meanings adjective bitter (having an unpleasant sharp taste; also difficult, painful, or hard in figurative use) Example Sentences 这种草药很苦，但对身体有益。 Zhè zhǒng cǎoyào hěn kǔ, dàn duì shēntǐ yǒuyì. This herbal medicine is very bitter, but it is good for your health....
谦虚 (qiānxū) — humble / modest
谦虚 (qiānxū) 谦虚 describes the quality of being humble or modest, not boasting about one's achievements or abilities. Meanings [adjective] humble; modest; unassuming Example Sentences 他虽然很有才华，但总是非常谦虚。 Tā suīrán hěn yǒu cáihuá, dàn zǒng shì fēicháng qiānxū. Although he is very talented, he is always very humble. 谦虚的人更容易受到大家的尊重。 Qiānxū de rén gèng róngyì shòudào dàjiā de zūnzhòng. Humble people are more likely to earn everyone's respect. 面对赞美，她谦虚地说自己还需要进步。 Miànduì zànměi, tā qiānxū...
兴趣 (xìngqù) — interest
兴趣 (xìngqù) 兴趣 describes the interest or enthusiasm one feels toward an activity, subject, or person. Meanings [noun] interest; hobby; enthusiasm for something Example Sentences 他对历史很有兴趣。 Tā duì lìshǐ hěn yǒu xìngqù. He has great interest in history. 你有什么兴趣爱好？ Nǐ yǒu shénme xìngqù àihào? What interests and hobbies do you have? 孩子们对这个游戏产生了浓厚的兴趣。 Háizimen duì zhège yóuxì chǎnshēng le nónghòu de xìngqù. The children developed a strong interest in this game....
版权 (bǎnquán) — Copyright
版权 (bǎnquán) 版权 refers to the legal right that protects creators from having their original works reproduced, distributed, or adapted without permission -- encompassing books, music, software, films, and other creative content. Meanings [noun] copyright; intellectual property rights over creative works Example Sentences 未经授权转载他人的文章是侵犯版权的行为。 Wèi jīng shòuquán zhuǎnzǎi tārén de wénzhāng shì qīnfàn bǎnquán de xíngwéi. Reprinting someone else's article without authorization is a copyright infringement. 这首歌曲的版权归唱片公司所有。 Zhè shǒu gēqǔ...
漂亮 (piàoliang) — beautiful
漂亮 (piàoliang) An adjective meaning beautiful or pretty, most naturally used to describe people, especially women. Compare with 好看 (hǎokàn), which means "pleasant to look at" and applies more broadly to objects and scenery. 漂亮 carries a stronger sense of striking beauty and is more personal. Meanings [adjective] Beautiful, pretty (primarily for people and their appearance). [adjective] Excellent, impressive (for actions or results, informal). Example Sentences 她长得很漂亮。 Tā zhǎng de...
玩 (wán) — to play / to have fun
玩 (wán) A verb meaning "to play," "to have fun," or "to spend time enjoying something." It is used for all kinds of leisure and recreation, from children playing to adults hanging out with friends. Meanings [verb] To play, to have fun, to engage in recreational activity. [verb] To visit and enjoy (a place). Example Sentences 孩子们在外面玩。 Háizimen zài wàimiàn wán. The children are playing outside. 周末我们去公园玩吧。 Zhōumò wǒmen qù...
归纳 (guīnà) — to summarize, to generalize
归纳 (guīnà) 归纳 means to summarize or generalize, particularly by collecting specific instances and drawing general conclusions from them. It corresponds to the logical process of inductive reasoning — moving from particular facts to general principles. It is widely used in academic, scientific, and professional contexts when synthesizing information or drawing conclusions. Meanings [v] to summarize; to compile and organize [v] to generalize; to reason inductively from specific examples Example...
心理健康 (xīnlǐ jiànkāng) — mental health
心理健康 (xīnlǐ jiànkāng) 心理健康 refers to mental and emotional wellbeing. As awareness of mental health grows in Chinese society, this term has become increasingly important in both everyday and formal contexts. Meanings [noun] mental health; psychological wellbeing; emotional health Example Sentences 我们要同样重视身体健康和心理健康。 Wǒmen yào tóngyàng zhòngshì shēntǐ jiànkāng hé xīnlǐ jiànkāng. We should pay equal attention to physical health and mental health. 长期的压力会影响一个人的心理健康。 Chángqī de yālì huì yǐngxiǎng yī gè...
智能手机 (zhìnéng shǒujī) — smartphone
智能手机 (zhìnéng shǒujī) 智能手机 refers to a smartphone, a handheld device that combines phone functions with computing power. It is the standard term used in everyday speech and writing across all age groups. Meanings [noun] smartphone; an intelligent mobile phone with apps, internet access, and advanced features Example Sentences 他每天都用智能手机查天气。 Tā měitiān dōu yòng zhìnéng shǒujī chá tiānqì. He checks the weather on his smartphone every day. 这款智能手机的电池很耐用。 Zhè kuǎn...
活动 (huódòng) — activity; event
活动 (huódòng) 活动 refers to an organized activity or event, and as a verb it means to move around or exercise. Meanings [noun] activity; event; exercise [verb] to move about; to exercise; to do physical activity Example Sentences 学校今天下午有一个活动。 Xuéxiào jīntiān xiàwǔ yǒu yī gè huódòng. The school has an event this afternoon. 多做户外活动对身体有好处。 Duō zuò hùwài huódòng duì shēntǐ yǒu hǎochù. Doing more outdoor activities is good for your...
热 (rè) — hot
热 (rè) An adjective meaning "hot" in temperature, whether describing weather, food, beverages, or how a person feels. Its antonym is 冷 (lěng), meaning "cold." Meanings [adjective] Hot (in temperature, for weather, objects, or feelings of heat). Example Sentences 今天天气很热。 Jīntiān tiānqì hěn rè. The weather today is very hot. 这碗汤很热，小心别烫到。 Zhè wǎn tāng hěn rè, xiǎoxīn bié tàng dào. This bowl of soup is very hot, be careful not...
严谨 (yánjǐn) — rigorous; meticulous; precise
严谨 (yánjǐn) 严谨 describes a careful, thorough, and precise approach to work, scholarship, or thought, often used to praise the quality of academic work, research methodology, or a person's working style. Meanings [adjective] rigorous; meticulous; precise (describing thoroughness and care in work or thinking) [adjective] well-organized; tight; logically consistent (describing writing or argumentation) Example Sentences 这位教授的学术态度非常严谨，每一个数据都经过反复核实。 Zhè wèi jiàoshòu de xuéshù tàidù fēicháng yánjǐn, měi yī gè shùjù dōu jīngguò...
提高 (tígāo) — to improve
提高 (tígāo) 提高 means to raise or improve something, particularly a skill level, quality, standard, or performance. It implies deliberate upward movement. Meanings [verb] To improve; to raise; to enhance; to elevate. Example Sentences 我想提高我的汉语水平。 Wǒ xiǎng tígāo wǒ de Hànyǔ shuǐpíng. I want to improve my Chinese level. 多练习可以提高你的口语。 Duō liànxí kěyǐ tígāo nǐ de kǒuyǔ. More practice can improve your spoken Chinese. 工厂努力提高产品质量。 Gōngchǎng nǔlì tígāo chǎnpǐn zhìliàng....
建议 (jiànyì) — to suggest; suggestion; recommendation
建议 (jiànyì) 建议 means to suggest or recommend something. It is commonly used to offer advice, make proposals in meetings, or put forward ideas for consideration. It is polite and constructive in tone, making it suitable for both professional and social contexts. Meanings [verb] To suggest; to recommend; to propose. [noun] Suggestion; recommendation; proposal. Example Sentences 我建议大家在做决定之前先充分讨论。 Wǒ jiànyì dàjiā zài zuò juédìng zhīqián xiān chōngfèn tǎolùn. I suggest everyone...
现象 (xiànxiàng) — phenomenon; appearance
现象 (xiànxiàng) 现象 refers to something observable that occurs in the world, especially an event or trend that is noteworthy or in need of explanation. Meanings [noun] Phenomenon; occurrence; appearance; observable fact. Example Sentences 这种社会现象值得我们深思。 Zhè zhǒng shèhuì xiànxiàng zhídé wǒmen shēnsī. This social phenomenon deserves our deep reflection. 打雷闪电是一种自然现象。 Dǎléi shǎndiàn shì yī zhǒng zìrán xiànxiàng. Thunder and lightning are a natural phenomenon. 科学家研究了这种奇怪的现象。 Kēxuéjiā yánjiūle zhè zhǒng qíguài...
施治 (shīzhì) — to treat, administer treatment
施治 (shīzhì) 施治 is a formal, literary verb meaning to administer or apply treatment to a patient. It carries a higher register than everyday terms like 治疗 and is commonly found in clinical documentation, traditional Chinese medicine texts, and academic medical writing. The term implies a deliberate, methodical application of therapeutic measures by a qualified practitioner. Meanings verb to treat; to administer medical treatment or therapy Example Sentences 医师须依据循证医学原则，对患者因病施治，不可滥用药物。 Yīshī...
弟弟 (dìdi) — younger brother
弟弟 (dìdi) 弟弟 means younger brother. It refers specifically to a male sibling who is younger than the speaker. Meanings [noun] Younger brother, little brother. Example Sentences 我弟弟今年八岁。 Wǒ dìdi jīnnián bā suì. My younger brother is eight years old this year. 弟弟喜欢玩游戏。 Dìdi xǐhuān wán yóuxì. My younger brother likes to play games. 你有弟弟吗？ Nǐ yǒu dìdi ma? Do you have a younger brother? 我要照顾好我的弟弟。 Wǒ yào zhàogù hǎo...
第一 (dìyī) — first
第一 (dìyī) The ordinal number "first," formed by placing the prefix 第 (dì) before any cardinal number; this pattern applies to all ordinals (第二 = second, 第三 = third, etc.) and is used in sequences, rankings, and lists. Meanings [ordinal number] First, number one in a sequence or ranking. [adjective] Primary, most important (第一重要 = of primary importance). Example Sentences 她是我们班第一名。 Tā shì wǒmen bān dìyī míng. She is first...
形成 (xíngchéng) — to form; to take shape
形成 (xíngchéng) 形成 means to come into being or take shape gradually, often through a natural or long-term process, and is one of the most commonly used formal verbs in Chinese. Meanings [verb] to form; to take shape; to come into being [verb] to develop into; to result in (a pattern, habit, or situation) Example Sentences 经过长期的历史发展，这一地区形成了独特的文化传统。 Jīngguò chángqī de lìshǐ fāzhǎn, zhè yī dìqū xíngchéngle dútè de wénhuà chuántǒng....
各 (gè) — each / various
各 (gè) 各 means each, every, or various. It refers to each individual member of a group, stressing that all are included. It is usually followed directly by a noun without a measure word, unlike 每 which uses measure words. Meanings [pronoun] Each; every; various; all (of a group individually). Example Sentences 各国代表都参加了会议。 Gè guó dàibiǎo dōu cānjiā le huìyì. Representatives from each country attended the meeting. 请各位同学注意。 Qǐng gè...
逻辑 (luójí) — logic; logical reasoning
逻辑 (luójí) 逻辑 refers to logical reasoning, the science of valid argument, or the internal consistency and rational structure of any set of ideas, and is widely used in academic, philosophical, and everyday intellectual discourse. Meanings [noun] logic; logical reasoning [noun] the internal logic; the rationale (of a situation or argument) Example Sentences 他的论文论证严密，逻辑清晰，令评审委员会印象深刻。 Tā de lùnwén lùnzhèng yánmì, luójí qīngxī, lìng píngshěn wěiyuánhuì yìnxiàng shēnkè. His thesis was rigorously...
一方面…另一方面 (yī fāngmiàn… lìng yī fāngmiàn) — On one hand… on the other hand
一方面…另一方面 (yī fāngmiàn… lìng yī fāngmiàn) This is a paired grammar pattern used to present two sides, aspects, or reasons of a situation, similar to "on one hand… on the other hand" in English. Meanings [conjunction pattern] on one hand… on the other hand; used to balance or contrast two points Example Sentences 一方面，工作很有意思；另一方面，压力也很大。 Yī fāngmiàn, gōngzuò hěn yǒu yìsi; lìng yī fāngmiàn, yālì yě hěn dà. On one hand,...
哥哥 (gēge) — older brother
哥哥 (gēge) 哥哥 means older brother. In Chinese culture, age order among siblings is built into the vocabulary itself, with distinct words for older and younger siblings of each gender. Meanings [noun] Older brother, elder brother. Example Sentences 我哥哥在北京工作。 Wǒ gēge zài Běijīng gōngzuò. My older brother works in Beijing. 哥哥比我高。 Gēge bǐ wǒ gāo. My older brother is taller than me. 你有哥哥吗？ Nǐ yǒu gēge ma? Do you have...
治理 (zhìlǐ) — Govern, governance, manage
治理 (zhìlǐ) 治理 means to govern, administer, or manage in a systematic and controlled way. It is used both for political governance and for the management of complex issues such as environmental problems. Meanings [verb] to govern; to administer; to manage; to bring under control [noun] governance; administration; management Example Sentences 良好的国家治理是社会稳定的基础。 Liánghǎo de guójiā zhìlǐ shì shèhuì wěndìng de jīchǔ. Good national governance is the foundation of social stability....
年 (nián) — year
年 (nián) The word for year, used in dates, durations, and ages; it functions as both a noun and a time measure word, so no additional measure word is needed (三年 = three years, not 三个年). Meanings [noun] Year (calendar year or a period of 12 months). [noun] Age (in the sense of years of life, though 岁 is more common for age). [noun] New Year (in compounds: 新年, 过年)....
辩证 (biànzhèng) — to analyze dialectically; dialectical
辩证 (biànzhèng) 辩证 refers to dialectical reasoning or analysis, examining things by considering contradictions, opposing forces, and their dynamic interplay. As an adjective, it describes a way of thinking that acknowledges both sides of an issue and the process of change. It is deeply rooted in Marxist philosophy in Chinese academia and is central to academic and political discourse. Meanings [adj] dialectical; relating to dialectics [v] to analyze dialectically; to...
粗略 (cūlüè) — rough, approximate
粗略 (cūlüè) 粗略 describes something done or given in a rough, approximate, or cursory manner, without attention to detail or precision. Meanings [adjective] rough, approximate, cursory, not thorough Example Sentences 我只是粗略地看了一下这份报告。 Wǒ zhǐshì cūlüè de kàn le yīxià zhè fèn bàogào. I only skimmed through this report roughly. 他做了一个粗略的估计，认为需要三天完成。 Tā zuò le yīgè cūlüè de gūjì, rènwéi xūyào sān tiān wánchéng. He made a rough estimate that it would take...
市场 (shìchǎng) — market; marketplace
市场 (shìchǎng) 市场 refers to a market in both the physical sense (a marketplace) and the economic sense (a market for goods, services, or ideas). Meanings [noun] a market; a marketplace (physical or economic) [noun] the market (economic context, such as demand and supply) Example Sentences 这家公司正在开拓海外市场。 Zhè jiā gōngsī zhèngzài kāituò hǎiwài shìchǎng. This company is expanding into overseas markets. 市场竞争越来越激烈。 Shìchǎng jìngzhēng yuèlái yuè jīliè. Market competition is...
旁边 (pángbiān) — beside, next to
旁边 (pángbiān) 旁边 means beside or next to. It is a location word (localizer) placed after a noun to indicate the space immediately adjacent to something. Structure: Noun + 旁边. Meanings [noun / localizer] The side, beside, next to. Example Sentences 银行旁边有一家咖啡店。 Yínháng pángbiān yǒu yī jiā kāfēi diàn. There is a café next to the bank. 请坐在我旁边。 Qǐng zuò zài wǒ pángbiān. Please sit beside me. 书包在椅子旁边。 Shūbāo zài...
什么 (shénme) — what
什么 (shénme) The most versatile interrogative word in Chinese, used to ask "what" about anything: things, names, types, reasons, and more; it occupies the same sentence position as the noun it replaces. Meanings [pronoun] What (asking about identity or type of a thing). [determiner] What kind of (before a noun: 什么 + noun). [pronoun] Anything, whatever (in a negative or open-ended context). Example Sentences 你叫什么名字？ Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? What...
怎么样 (zěnmeyàng) — how is it, what do you think
怎么样 (zěnmeyàng) An interrogative used to ask about the condition, quality, or state of something ("how is it?") or to solicit an opinion ("what do you think?"); unlike 怎么, which asks about the manner of an action, 怎么样 asks about a state or seeks feedback. Meanings [adjective/pronoun] How is it, how are things (asking about condition or state). [phrase] What do you think, how about it (seeking an opinion or...
除了 (chúle) — except / besides / in addition to
除了 (chúle) 除了 is a preposition with two contrasting functions. With 以外/之外 and a negative, it means "except" (excluding something from a group). With 以外/之外 and 还/也, it means "besides / in addition to" (adding something extra). Recognizing which pattern is used is key to understanding the meaning. Meanings [preposition] Except; apart from; excluding (paired with negatives like 不/没). [preposition] Besides; in addition to; other than (paired with 还 or...
是 (shì) — to be (is, am, are)
是 (shì) 是 is the main linking verb in Chinese, equivalent to "is," "am," or "are." It connects a subject to a noun or noun phrase. Important: 是 does NOT mean "to have." Use 有 (yǒu) for possession. Also note that 是 is not used before adjectives. Say 他很高 (he is tall), not 他是高. Meanings [verb] To be (is, am, are). Links subject to an identity or classification. Example Sentences...
内在 (nèizài) — intrinsic, internal
内在 (nèizài) 内在 describes qualities, forces, or characteristics that exist within something inherently, as opposed to those imposed or visible from the outside. Meanings [adjective] intrinsic, internal, inherent, inner Example Sentences 真正的美来自内在，而不仅仅是外表。 Zhēnzhèng de měi láizì nèizài, ér bù jǐnjǐn shì wàibiǎo. True beauty comes from within, not just from appearance. 我们需要理解事物发展的内在规律。 Wǒmen xūyào lǐjiě shìwù fāzhǎn de nèizài guīlǜ. We need to understand the intrinsic laws governing the development...
根基 (gēnjī) — foundation, basis
根基 (gēnjī) 根基 combines the ideas of roots (根) and foundation (基) to refer to the deep, fundamental base upon which something rests. It is used both concretely (the structural foundation of a building) and metaphorically (the intellectual, moral, or social foundation of a system or person). It implies something deeply embedded and difficult to shake. Meanings [n] foundation, basis (the underlying support on which something depends) [n] roots, grounding...
社会影响 (shèhuì yǐngxiǎng) — social influence
社会影响 (shèhuì yǐngxiǎng) 社会影响 refers to the ways in which the presence, behavior, or attitudes of other people affect an individual's own thoughts, feelings, and actions. It is a fundamental concept in social psychology and sociology. 社会影响 can be direct, such as peer pressure, or indirect, such as cultural norms. Meanings noun social influence, the impact of society or social groups on individual behavior Example Sentences 社会影响对青少年的行为有重要作用。 Shèhuì yǐngxiǎng duì...
容易 (róngyì) — easy
容易 (róngyì) An adjective meaning easy or simple to do. It is the direct antonym of 难 (nán), which means difficult. 容易 can also mean "likely to happen" or "prone to" in some contexts. Meanings [adjective] Easy, simple, not difficult. [adjective] Likely, prone to (as in something that tends to happen). Example Sentences 这道题很容易，我一分钟就做完了。 Zhè dào tí hěn róngyì, wǒ yī fēnzhōng jiù zuò wán le. This problem is very...
羡慕 (xiànmù) — to envy; to admire
羡慕 (xiànmù) 羡慕 describes the feeling of admiring someone else's qualities, situation, or possessions and wishing you had the same. It combines admiration with a gentle longing, and unlike the English word "envy," it does not necessarily carry a negative or resentful connotation in Chinese. Meanings [verb] to envy; to admire with longing; to look up to and wish you had the same Example Sentences 她羡慕同事能流利地说三门外语，决心也开始认真学习语言。 Tā xiànmù tóngshì néng...
消失 (xiāoshī) — to disappear; to vanish
消失 (xiāoshī) 消失 means to disappear or vanish, referring to something that ceases to be visible or no longer exists. Meanings [verb] to disappear; to vanish; to cease to exist or be seen Example Sentences 他的身影慢慢消失在人群中。 Tā de shēnyǐng mànmàn xiāoshī zài rénqún zhōng. His figure slowly disappeared into the crowd. 这种珍稀动物正在慢慢消失。 Zhè zhǒng zhēnxī dòngwù zhèngzài mànmàn xiāoshī. This rare animal is gradually disappearing. 疼痛感在吃了药之后消失了。 Téngtòng gǎn zài chī...
简化 (jiǎnhuà) — to simplify, to streamline
简化 (jiǎnhuà) 简化 means to simplify or streamline something by reducing unnecessary complexity while retaining its essential function or meaning. Meanings [verb] to simplify, to streamline, to reduce complexity [noun] simplification (often as a modifier: 简化字 simplified characters) Example Sentences 政府出台措施简化行政审批程序，提高办事效率。 Zhèngfǔ chūtái cuòshī jiǎnhuà xíngzhèng shěnpī chéngxù, tígāo bànshì xiàolǜ. The government has introduced measures to simplify administrative approval procedures and improve efficiency. 汉字简化是中国在上世纪五十年代推行的文字改革。 Hànzì jiǎnhuà shì Zhōngguó zài...
条款 (tiáokuǎn) — clause, provision, term
条款 (tiáokuǎn) A specific, individually numbered provision or clause within a legal document, contract, agreement, or regulation -- the building blocks of formal written agreements. Meanings [noun] clause, provision, term, article (in a contract or legal document) Example Sentences 合同中有一条款规定，任何一方都不得擅自转让权利。 Hétong zhōng yǒu yī tiáokuǎn guīdìng, rènhé yī fāng dōu bù dé shànzì zhuǎnràng quánlì. One clause in the contract stipulates that neither party may transfer rights without authorization. 请仔细阅读服务协议中的所有条款后再签字。...
呢 (ne) — continuation question particle
呢 (ne) 呢 is a sentence-final particle used to ask a follow-up question ("and what about you/it?"), to soften a statement, or to indicate that a situation is ongoing. Meanings [particle] Continuation question: "And what about...?" — bounces the topic back to the listener. [particle] Softener: makes a statement or question sound less abrupt. [particle] Ongoing state: indicates that a situation is still in progress (e.g., 他睡觉呢, He is sleeping)....
整合 (zhěnghé) — to integrate, to consolidate
整合 (zhěnghé) To take disparate resources, systems, or organizations and merge or coordinate them into a coherent, efficient whole -- a key concept in business, policy, and technology. Meanings [verb] to integrate, to consolidate, to restructure and unify Example Sentences 公司计划整合旗下三个子品牌以提升市场竞争力。 Gōngsī jìhuà zhěnghé qíxià sān gè zǐ pínpái yǐ tíshēng shìchǎng jìngzhēng lì. The company plans to consolidate its three sub-brands to boost market competitiveness. 政府正在整合各部门的数据资源，建立统一平台。 Zhèngfǔ zhèngzài zhěnghé...
西瓜 (xīguā) — watermelon
西瓜 (xīguā) Watermelon, one of the most beloved summer fruits in China. 西 means "west" and 瓜 means "melon" or "gourd." Watermelons were introduced to China from the west along the Silk Road, giving the fruit its name. Meanings [noun] Watermelon. A large round fruit with green skin, red flesh, and high water content. Example Sentences 夏天我喜欢吃西瓜。 Xiàtiān wǒ xǐhuān chī xīguā. I like to eat watermelon in summer. 这个西瓜很甜。...
他们 (tāmen) — they, them
他们 (tāmen) The third-person plural pronoun used for groups of males or mixed-gender groups; for all-female groups, 她们 is preferred in writing, though both are spoken identically as tāmen. Meanings [pronoun] They (subject, masculine or mixed group). [pronoun] Them (object). [pronoun] Their (before 的: 他们的). Example Sentences 他们都是我的朋友。 Tāmen dōu shì wǒ de péngyou. They are all my friends. 我不认识他们。 Wǒ bú rènshi tāmen. I do not know them. 他们的学校在哪里？...
茶 (chá) — tea
茶 (chá) Tea, the most culturally significant beverage in China. 茶 refers to both the drink and the tea leaves themselves. The word "tea" in most world languages originates from Chinese. Meanings [noun] Tea. A hot or cold drink made by infusing dried tea leaves in water. [noun] Tea leaves. The dried plant material used to brew the drink. Example Sentences 你喝茶吗？ Nǐ hē chá ma? Do you drink tea?...
机会 (jīhuì) — opportunity; chance
机会 (jīhuì) 机会 refers to a favorable situation or moment that allows something to happen, equivalent to "opportunity" or "chance" in English. Meanings [noun] Opportunity; chance (a favorable moment or occasion for action). Example Sentences 这是一个很好的学习机会，不要错过。 Zhè shì yī gè hěn hǎo de xuéxí jīhuì, bùyào cuòguò. This is a great learning opportunity; do not miss it. 我终于有机会去中国旅行了。 Wǒ zhōngyú yǒu jīhuì qù Zhōngguó lǚxíng le. I finally have the...
互联网 (hùliánwǎng) — internet; the web
互联网 (hùliánwǎng) 互联网 is the standard Chinese term for the internet, emphasizing its nature as an interconnected global network. Meanings [noun] internet; the web — the worldwide network connecting computers and people across the globe Example Sentences 我每天都用互联网工作。 Wǒ měi tiān dōu yòng hùliánwǎng gōngzuò. I use the internet every day for work. 互联网改变了我们的生活。 Hùliánwǎng gǎibiàn le wǒmen de shēnghuó. The internet has changed our lives. 没有互联网，我什么都做不了。 Méiyǒu hùliánwǎng, wǒ...
汤 (tāng) — soup
汤 (tāng) 汤 means soup or broth. It refers to any hot liquid dish made by simmering ingredients. Soup is a fundamental part of Chinese meals. The character has the water radical (氵) on the left, reflecting its liquid nature. Meanings [noun] Soup; broth; a hot liquid dish. Example Sentences 妈妈今天做了一锅鸡汤。 Māma jīntiān zuò le yī guō jītāng. Mom made a pot of chicken soup today. 天冷的时候喝汤很暖和。 Tiān lěng de...
研讨 (yántǎo) — to discuss; to deliberate
研讨 (yántǎo) 研讨 means to conduct research-based discussion or deliberation on a topic, and is most associated with formal academic, professional, or policy-making contexts like seminars and workshops. Meanings [verb] to research and discuss; to deliberate; to examine through seminar-style discourse [verb] to workshop; to collectively analyze and debate (a problem or topic) Example Sentences 各国代表聚集一堂，研讨气候变化的应对策略。 Gèguó dàibiǎo jùjí yītáng, yántǎo qìhòu biànhuà de yìngduì cèlüè. Representatives from various countries...
维护 (wéihù) — to maintain; to uphold; to defend
维护 (wéihù) 维护 means "to maintain," "to uphold," or "to defend" and is commonly used to describe protecting rights, interests, or relationships. Meanings [verb] to maintain; to keep in good condition [verb] to uphold; to defend; to protect (rights, interests, order) Example Sentences 我们要维护社会的稳定。 Wǒmen yào wéihù shèhuì de wěndìng. We must maintain social stability. 他努力维护自己的权利。 Tā nǔlì wéihù zìjǐ de quánlì. He works hard to defend his own rights....
火车 (huǒchē) — train
火车 (huǒchē) A train. 火 means "fire" and 车 means "vehicle," a reference to the steam-powered locomotives of early railway history. Today it refers to any train. Meanings [noun] Train. A series of connected railway cars pulled by a locomotive. Example Sentences 我坐火车去上海。 Wǒ zuò huǒchē qù Shànghǎi. I am taking the train to Shanghai. 火车几点到？ Huǒchē jǐ diǎn dào? What time does the train arrive? 火车票比飞机票便宜。 Huǒchē piào bǐ...
严重 (yánzhòng) — serious; severe; grave
严重 (yánzhòng) 严重 means serious, severe, or grave, describing a problem, situation, or condition that has significant negative consequences or poses a significant threat. It is used to signal that something demands urgent attention. Meanings [adjective] Serious; severe; grave; critical; bad. Example Sentences 如果不及时处理，这个问题可能会造成严重的后果。 Rúguǒ bù jíshí chǔlǐ, zhège wèntí kěnéng huì zàochéng yánzhòng de hòuguǒ. If not dealt with promptly, this problem could cause serious consequences. 他在事故中受了严重的伤，目前正在医院接受治疗。 Tā zài...
日 (rì) — day; sun
日 (rì) The word for both "day" and "sun"; in dates, 日 is the formal written form for a day of the month (especially in official documents), while 号 (hào) is the colloquial spoken equivalent. Both mean the same thing in dates. Meanings [noun] Day (of the month, formal: 三月十日 = March 10th). [noun] Sun (the celestial body; in compounds: 日出 = sunrise, 日落 = sunset). [noun] Day, daytime (in...
已经 (yǐjīng) — already
已经 (yǐjīng) 已经 is an adverb meaning "already." It signals that something has happened or changed before the current moment. Meanings [adverb] Already; by now. Describes a completed action or a state that is in effect at the time of speaking. Example Sentences 我已经吃饭了。 Wǒ yǐjīng chīfàn le. I have already eaten. 他已经回家了。 Tā yǐjīng huí jiā le. He has already gone home. 票已经卖完了。 Piào yǐjīng mài wán le. The...
通过 (tōngguò) — through / pass
通过 (tōngguò) 通过 means to pass (a test, law, or checkpoint) or to achieve something through a certain means or method. As a preposition it means "by means of" or "through." Meanings [verb] To pass (an exam, vote, law, or inspection). [preposition] Through; by means of; via. Example Sentences 他通过了HSK三级考试。 Tā tōngguò le HSK sān jí kǎoshì. He passed the HSK Level 3 exam. 通过努力学习，她终于成功了。 Tōngguò nǔlì xuéxí, tā zhōngyú...
尤其 (yóuqí) — especially; particularly
尤其 (yóuqí) Especially or particularly is used to single out a person, thing, or situation as more notable or relevant than others in the group being discussed. Meanings [adverb] especially; particularly; most of all; above all Example Sentences 他喜欢运动，尤其喜欢篮球。 Tā xǐhuān yùndòng, yóuqí xǐhuān lánqiú. He likes sports, especially basketball. 这本书内容丰富，尤其是第三章写得非常精彩。 Zhè běn shū nèiróng fēngfù, yóuqí shì dìsān zhāng xiě de fēicháng jīngcǎi. This book is rich in content,...
或者 (huòzhě) — or (in statements)
或者 (huòzhě) 或者 means "or" in statements and declarative sentences. This is a KEY learner confusion: 或者 belongs in statements, while 还是 (háishì) belongs in questions. Using 或者 in a question sounds unnatural. Meanings [conjunction] Or (used in statements, not in questions). Example Sentences 你可以坐公共汽车或者打车去。 Nǐ kěyǐ zuò gōnggòng qìchē huòzhě dǎ chē qù. You can take the bus or take a taxi to get there. 周六或者周日我都可以。 Zhōuliù huòzhě zhōurì...
福利 (fúlì) — welfare; benefits
福利 (fúlì) 福利 refers to benefits, services, or programs designed to improve people's well-being, including both government social welfare and employee benefits provided by employers. Meanings [noun] welfare; benefits; well-being provisions Example Sentences 该公司提供了完善的员工福利，包括医疗保险和带薪假期。 Gāi gōngsī tígōng le wánshàn de yuángōng fúlì, bāokuò yīliáo bǎoxiǎn hé dài xīn jiàqī. The company offers comprehensive employee benefits including health insurance and paid leave. 政府加大了对低收入家庭的社会福利支持力度。 Zhèngfǔ jiādà le duì dīshōurù jiātíng de shèhuì...
原则 (yuánzé) — principle
原则 (yuánzé) 原则 refers to a fundamental principle, rule, or standard that guides one's behavior or decisions. Meanings [noun] principle; fundamental rule; standard Example Sentences 诚实是他做人的基本原则。 Chéngshí shì tā zuòrén de jīběn yuánzé. Honesty is his basic principle in life. 我们做事必须遵守一定的原则。 Wǒmen zuòshì bìxū zūnshǒu yīdìng de yuánzé. We must follow certain principles in what we do. 这个问题在原则上没有问题。 Zhège wèntí zài yuánzé shàng méiyǒu wèntí. In principle, there is no...
烹饪 (pēngrèn) — to cook, cooking
烹饪 (pēngrèn) 烹饪 refers to the act or art of cooking — applying techniques and heat to prepare food. It is a somewhat formal term compared to the colloquial 做饭 (zuò fàn). Meanings verb/noun to cook; cooking (the preparation of food using heat and technique) Example Sentences 她对烹饪很感兴趣。 Tā duì pēngrèn hěn gǎn xìngqù. She is very interested in cooking. 烹饪课越来越受年轻人欢迎。 Pēngrèn kè yuè lái yuè shòu niánqīngrén huānyíng. Cooking...
同事 (tóngshì) — colleague
同事 (tóngshì) 同事 means colleague or coworker, referring to someone who works at the same organization or shares the same workplace. It is the standard, polite word for a professional peer. Meanings [noun] Colleague; coworker. Example Sentences 他是我的同事，我们一起工作。 Tā shì wǒ de tóngshì, wǒmen yīqǐ gōngzuò. He is my colleague; we work together. 同事们帮我完成了任务。 Tóngshìmen bāng wǒ wánchéng le rènwu. My colleagues helped me complete the task. 我和同事的关系很好。 Wǒ hé...
成熟 (chéngshú) — mature; ripe; to mature
成熟 (chéngshú) 成熟 describes something that has reached full development, whether fruit ripening on a tree or a person's emotional and intellectual growth. Meanings [adj/verb] mature; ripe; fully developed; to ripen; to come of age emotionally Example Sentences 这些苹果已经成熟，可以摘了。 Zhèxiē píngguǒ yǐjīng chéngshú, kěyǐ zhāi le. These apples are ripe and can be picked. 经历了很多事，他变得更成熟了。 Jīnglì le hěn duō shì, tā biàn de gèng chéngshú le. Having gone through a...
分别 (fēnbié) — separately / respectively / to part
分别 (fēnbié) As an adverb: separately or respectively (each in their own way). As a verb: to part from someone, to say goodbye. Meanings [adverb] Separately, respectively, individually. [verb] To part (from someone), to separate, to say goodbye. Example Sentences 这两道题，请分别回答。 Zhè liǎng dào tí, qǐng fēnbié huídá. Please answer these two questions separately. 他们在机场分别了，都流了眼泪。 Tāmen zài jīchǎng fēnbié le, dōu liú le yǎnlèi. They parted at the airport and...
条例 (tiáolì) — regulation, ordinance
条例 (tiáolì) An official document containing a systematic set of rules or regulations issued by a government authority -- subordinate to laws but binding within a specific domain. Meanings [noun] regulation, ordinance, decree, bylaws Example Sentences 城市管理条例规定，禁止在公共场所随地吐痰。 Chéngshì guǎnlǐ tiáolì guīdìng, jìnzhǐ zài gōnggòng chǎngsuǒ suídì tǔ tán. Urban management regulations stipulate that spitting in public places is prohibited. 该企业因违反劳动保护条例而被罚款。 Gāi qǐyè yīn wéifǎn láodòng bǎohù tiáolì ér bèi fákuǎn....
记者 (jìzhě) — journalist / reporter
记者 (jìzhě) 记者 refers to a journalist or reporter who gathers and writes news for media outlets. Meanings [noun] journalist; reporter; news correspondent Example Sentences 这位记者报道了很多重要新闻。 Zhè wèi jìzhě bàodào le hěn duō zhòngyào xīnwén. This journalist has reported many important news stories. 记者在现场采访了事故目击者。 Jìzhě zài xiànchǎng cǎifǎng le shìgù mùjīzhě. The reporter interviewed eyewitnesses at the scene of the accident. 她从大学毕业后就成为了一名记者。 Tā cóng dàxué bìyè hòu jiù chéngwéi le...
然而 (rán'ér) — however; but; nevertheless
然而 (rán'ér) 然而 is a formal conjunction meaning however, but, or nevertheless, used to introduce a contrasting statement. Meanings [conjunction] however; but; nevertheless; used to introduce a contrast or unexpected turn Example Sentences 他努力工作，然而结果并不理想。 Tā nǔlì gōngzuò, rán'ér jiéguǒ bìng bù lǐxiǎng. He worked hard; however, the result was not ideal. 计划听起来不错，然而实施起来并不容易。 Jìhuà tīng qǐlái búcuò, rán'ér shíshī qǐlái bìng bù róngyì. The plan sounds good; however, it is not...
顾客 (gùkè) — customer / client
顾客 (gùkè) 顾客 refers to a customer or client — a person who buys goods or services from a business. 顾 means "to look after / attend to" and 客 means "guest / visitor." Together they capture the service-oriented mindset: a customer is a guest you attend to. Meanings [noun] Customer; client; patron; shopper. Example Sentences 这家餐厅的顾客很多，总是要排队。 Zhè jiā cāntīng de gùkè hěn duō, zǒngshì yào páiduì. This restaurant has...
发展 (fāzhǎn) — development / to develop
发展 (fāzhǎn) 发展 functions as both a noun and a verb. As a noun it means development or growth. As a verb it means to develop, expand, or grow. It is widely used for economic, personal, technological, and social contexts. Meanings [noun] Development; growth; progress. [verb] To develop; to expand; to grow. Example Sentences 中国的经济发展很快。 Zhōngguó de jīngjì fāzhǎn hěn kuài. China's economic development is very fast. 我们需要发展新技术。 Wǒmen xūyào...
本质 (běnzhì) — essence; nature; intrinsic
本质 (běnzhì) 本质 refers to the essential nature or fundamental character of something, what something truly is at its core. Meanings [noun] essence; nature; the intrinsic, fundamental quality of a person or thing Example Sentences 我们要认清问题的本质。 Wǒmen yào rènqīng wèntí de běnzhì. We need to clearly understand the essence of the problem. 这两件事的本质是一样的。 Zhè liǎng jiàn shì de běnzhì shì yīyàng de. The nature of these two things is the...
难 (nán) — difficult
难 (nán) An adjective meaning difficult or hard. It is the direct antonym of 容易 (róngyi), which means easy. 难 appears often in compound adjectives such as 难看 (ugly), 难吃 (tastes bad), and 难听 (unpleasant to hear), following a pattern where it modifies a sensory verb. Meanings [adjective] Difficult, hard, not easy. [adjective] (In compounds) Unpleasant to the senses: 难看 (ugly), 难吃 (tastes bad). Example Sentences 这道数学题很难。 Zhè dào shùxué...
头疼 (tóuténg) — headache / troublesome
头疼 (tóuténg) 头疼 literally means the head hurts. It is used both literally (to have a headache) and figuratively (to find something troublesome or annoying). It is also written 头痛 (tóutòng) with the same meaning. Meanings [verb] To have a headache; for one's head to hurt. [adjective] Troublesome; annoying; a headache (figurative). Example Sentences 我今天头疼，不想出门。 Wǒ jīntiān tóuténg, bù xiǎng chūmén. I have a headache today and do not want...
买到 (mǎi dào) — to manage to buy; to successfully purchase
买到 (mǎi dào) 买到 is a verb + result complement. 买 means "to buy" and 到 is a result complement indicating that the action reached its goal — you obtained what you were trying to buy. It highlights the successful outcome of the purchasing attempt. The negative 买不到 means "can't get / impossible to find/buy," while 没买到 means "tried but failed to buy." Meanings [v+comp] Manage to buy; successfully obtain...
害羞 (hàixiū) — shy; bashful; to be embarrassed
害羞 (hàixiū) 害羞 describes the feeling of self-consciousness, shyness, or embarrassment, particularly in social settings. Meanings [adj/verb] shy; bashful; to feel embarrassed; to be timid in front of others Example Sentences 她第一次上台表演，有点害羞。 Tā dì yī cì shàng tái biǎoyǎn, yǒudiǎn hàixiū. It was her first time performing on stage and she was a little shy. 不要害羞，大胆说出你的想法。 Bùyào hàixiū, dǎdǎn shuō chū nǐ de xiǎngfǎ. Don't be shy; boldly express your...
认识 (rènshi) — to know / to recognize
认识 (rènshi) 认识 means to know or be acquainted with a person, or to recognize and understand something. Meanings [verb] to know (a person); to be acquainted with; to recognize [noun] understanding; cognition; knowledge Example Sentences 我认识他已经三年了。 Wǒ rènshi tā yǐjīng sān nián le. I have known him for three years already. 很高兴认识你！ Hěn gāoxìng rènshi nǐ! Very pleased to meet you! 她对这个问题有深刻的认识。 Tā duì zhège wèntí yǒu shēnkè de...
儿子 (érzi) — son
儿子 (érzi) 儿子 means son, a male child. 儿 means "child" or "son" and 子 is a classical word also meaning "child/person." Together they form the everyday word for son. Meanings [noun] Son, male child. Example Sentences 他们有一个儿子。 Tāmen yǒu yī gè érzi. They have one son. 我的儿子今年五岁。 Wǒ de érzi jīnnián wǔ suì. My son is five years old this year. 儿子每天去上学。 Érzi měitiān qù shàngxué. My son goes...
促使 (cùshǐ) — to prompt; to cause; to drive
促使 (cùshǐ) 促使 means to cause or prompt a person, organization, or situation to take action or undergo change, emphasizing the motivating or driving force behind an action or development. Meanings [verb] to prompt; to cause; to drive; to motivate (to make someone or something act or change) Example Sentences 市场竞争的加剧促使企业不得不加大技术创新的投入。 Shìchǎng jìngzhēng de jiājù cùshǐ qǐyè bùdébù jiādà jìshù chuàngxīn de tóurù. The intensification of market competition has prompted...
权利 (quánlì) — right, entitlement
权利 (quánlì) A legal or moral entitlement that an individual or group possesses -- the right to do something or to be treated in a certain way, as guaranteed by law or ethics. Meanings [noun] right, entitlement, legal right Example Sentences 每个公民都有接受教育的基本权利。 Měi gè gōngmín dōu yǒu jiēshòu jiàoyù de jīběn quánlì. Every citizen has the basic right to receive education. 法律明确保障了劳动者的合法权利。 Fǎlǜ míngquè bǎozhàngle láodòngzhě de héfǎ quánlì. The...
赶 (gǎn) — to rush; to catch (transport)
赶 (gǎn) 赶 means to rush to a place or hurry to catch something such as a bus or train before it departs. Meanings [verb] to rush; to hurry; to catch (a bus, train, etc.); to drive away Example Sentences 我要赶火车，得快点儿走。 Wǒ yào gǎn huǒchē, děi kuài diǎnr zǒu. I need to catch the train, so I have to move faster. 她早上起晚了，赶着去上班。 Tā zǎoshang qǐ wǎn le, gǎnzhe qù shàngbān....
眼睛 (yǎnjing) — eyes
眼睛 (yǎnjing) 眼睛 means eyes. It refers to the organs of vision on the face. Note that 睛 is pronounced in the neutral tone (jing, not jīng) in this compound. Meanings [noun] Eyes; the organs of sight. Example Sentences 她的眼睛很大很漂亮。 Tā de yǎnjing hěn dà hěn piàoliang. Her eyes are very big and beautiful. 我的眼睛有点儿不舒服。 Wǒ de yǎnjing yǒudiǎnr bù shūfu. My eyes feel a little uncomfortable. 请闭上眼睛，放松一下。 Qǐng bìshang...
机场 (jīchǎng) — airport
机场 (jīchǎng) 机场 is the standard word for airport, the facility where passengers board and depart from aircraft. Meanings [noun] airport — a place with runways and terminals for the departure and arrival of aircraft and passengers Example Sentences 我们明天早上六点去机场。 Wǒmen míngtiān zǎoshang liù diǎn qù jīchǎng. We are going to the airport tomorrow at six in the morning. 机场离市中心很远。 Jīchǎng lí shì zhōngxīn hěn yuǎn. The airport is far...
特征 (tèzhēng) — characteristic; feature; trait
特征 (tèzhēng) 特征 refers to a distinguishing characteristic, feature, or trait that sets something or someone apart. Meanings [noun] characteristic; feature; trait; a distinguishing property or quality Example Sentences 这种动物最明显的特征是它的长脖子。 Zhè zhǒng dòngwù zuì míngxiǎn de tèzhēng shì tā de cháng bózi. The most obvious characteristic of this animal is its long neck. 了解文化特征有助于促进跨文化交流。 Liǎojiě wénhuà tèzhēng yǒu zhù yú cùjìn kuà wénhuà jiāoliú. Understanding cultural characteristics helps promote cross-cultural...
睡觉 (shuìjiào) — to sleep
睡觉 (shuìjiào) A verb phrase meaning "to sleep" or "to go to sleep." 睡 (shuì) means to sleep or to lie down, and 觉 (jiào) originally means sensation/feeling. Together they form the standard word for sleeping. Its related phrase is 起床 (qǐchuáng, to get up). Meanings [verb phrase] To sleep, to go to sleep, to be asleep. Example Sentences 我晚上十一点睡觉。 Wǒ wǎnshàng shíyī diǎn shuìjiào. I go to sleep at...
稳定 (wěndìng) — stable; steady; to stabilize
稳定 (wěndìng) 稳定 means stable or steady as an adjective, or to stabilize something as a verb, describing a state of balance and consistency. Meanings [adjective] stable; steady; consistent; not subject to sudden change [verb] to stabilize; to make steady or secure Example Sentences 他有一份稳定的工作和收入。 Tā yǒu yī fèn wěndìng de gōngzuò hé shōurù. He has a stable job and income. 政府采取措施稳定市场价格。 Zhèngfǔ cǎiqǔ cuòshī wěndìng shìchǎng jiàgé. The government...
学生 (xuésheng) — student
学生 (xuésheng) A noun meaning student or pupil. It refers to anyone who is studying, from primary school children to university students. The word combines 学 (learn/study) and 生 (person/life). Meanings [noun] Student, pupil, learner. Example Sentences 我是一名汉语学生。 Wǒ shì yī míng Hànyǔ xuésheng. I am a Chinese language student. 这个班有二十个学生。 Zhège bān yǒu èrshí gè xuésheng. There are twenty students in this class. 学生们都很认真。 Xuéshengmen dōu hěn rènzhēn. All...
推动 (tuīdòng) — to drive; to promote; to advance
推动 (tuīdòng) 推动 means to push something forward or drive it ahead, used metaphorically to describe forces, policies, people, or events that cause progress, development, or change to occur. Meanings [verb] to drive forward; to promote; to advance; to push ahead; to give impetus to Example Sentences 技术创新是推动经济增长和社会进步的核心动力。 Jìshù chuàngxīn shì tuīdòng jīngjì zēngzhǎng hé shèhuì jìnbù de héxīn dònglì. Technological innovation is the core driving force behind economic growth...
甚至 (shènzhì) — even
甚至 (shènzhì) 甚至 means even or even to the point of. It introduces an extreme or surprising example that goes beyond what was already said, often to emphasize a degree or severity. Meanings [adverb] Even; as far as; going so far as. [conjunction] Even; used to connect a more extreme statement. Example Sentences 他太忙了，甚至没有时间吃饭。 Tā tài máng le, shènzhì méiyǒu shíjiān chīfàn. He is so busy that he doesn't even...
意义 (yìyì) — meaning; significance; purpose
意义 (yìyì) 意义 refers to the deeper meaning, significance, or value of something, going beyond simple dictionary definitions to encompass purpose and importance. Meanings [noun] Meaning; significance; purpose (the deeper value or importance of something). Example Sentences 这项工作对社会有重要的意义。 Zhè xiàng gōngzuò duì shèhuì yǒu zhòngyào de yìyì. This work has important significance for society. 他认为旅行的意义在于了解不同文化。 Tā rènwéi lǚxíng de yìyì zàiyú liǎojiě bùtóng wénhuà. He believes the meaning of travel...
品牌 (pǐnpái) — brand
品牌 (pǐnpái) 品牌 refers to a brand -- the name, image, and identity associated with a product or company -- and is a key term in business, marketing, and consumer culture. Meanings [noun] brand; brand name; trademark identity Example Sentences 苹果是全球最具价值的品牌之一。 Píngguǒ shì quánqiú zuì jù jiàzhí de pǐnpái zhī yī. Apple is one of the most valuable brands in the world. 建立一个强大的品牌需要多年的努力。 Jiànlì yī gè qiángdà de pǐnpái xūyào...
预计 (yùjì) — to expect; to estimate; to anticipate
预计 (yùjì) 预计 means "to expect," "to estimate," or "to anticipate" and is used when making a formal or calculated estimate about a future event or outcome. Meanings [verb] to expect; to estimate; to anticipate; to project Example Sentences 预计明年公司的利润会增加。 Yùjì míngnián gōngsī de lìrùn huì zēngjiā. It is expected that the company's profits will increase next year. 这项工程预计需要三年时间完成。 Zhè xiàng gōngchéng yùjì xūyào sān nián shíjiān wánchéng. This project...
方案 (fāng'àn) — plan; scheme; program; proposal
方案 (fāng'àn) 方案 is a detailed, thought-out plan or proposal designed to achieve a specific goal or solve a problem. Meanings [noun] Plan; scheme; program; proposal; solution. Example Sentences 我们提出了一个新的发展方案。 Wǒmen tíchūle yīgè xīn de fāzhǎn fāng'àn. We put forward a new development plan. 这个方案需要进一步讨论。 Zhège fāng'àn xūyào jìnyībù tǎolùn. This proposal needs further discussion. 请在明天前提交你的方案。 Qǐng zài míngtiān qián tíjiāo nǐ de fāng'àn. Please submit your plan before tomorrow....
文化 (wénhuà) — culture
文化 (wénhuà) 文化 refers to culture in a broad sense — the shared customs, traditions, arts, values, and knowledge of a people or civilization. It is also used for educational level in some contexts. Meanings [noun] Culture; civilization; cultural heritage. [noun] Education level; cultural background. Example Sentences 我对中国文化很感兴趣。 Wǒ duì Zhōngguó wénhuà hěn gǎn xìngqù. I am very interested in Chinese culture. 学语言的同时也要了解文化。 Xué yǔyán de tóngshí yě yào liǎojiě...
环境 (huánjìng) — environment; surroundings; setting
环境 (huánjìng) 环境 refers to the physical surroundings of a place, the social setting of a situation, or the natural environment, covering both concrete and abstract contexts. Meanings [noun] Environment; surroundings; setting (the conditions or context around a person or thing). Example Sentences 保护环境是每个人的责任。 Bǎohù huánjìng shì měi gè rén de zérèn. Protecting the environment is everyone's responsibility. 这里的学习环境非常安静。 Zhèlǐ de xuéxí huánjìng fēicháng ānjìng. The study environment here is...
承载 (chéngzài) — to carry, to bear
承载 (chéngzài) 承载 means to carry or bear a load — both physically (a bridge bearing weight) and metaphorically (a culture carrying history, a person bearing responsibility). The metaphorical use is particularly rich and common in Chinese literary and academic language, where objects, places, and institutions are said to 承载 historical memory, cultural meaning, or social expectations. Meanings [v] to carry; to bear (a physical load or weight) [v] to...
机遇 (jīyù) — opportunity, chance
机遇 (jīyù) A favorable window of opportunity that arises from external circumstances -- more formal and weighty than 机会, often implying a historically significant or rare chance. Meanings [noun] opportunity, chance, favorable juncture Example Sentences 全球化为发展中国家提供了前所未有的发展机遇。 Quánqiú huà wèi fāzhǎn zhōng guójiā tígōngle qián suǒ wèi yǒu de fāzhǎn jīyù. Globalization has provided developing countries with unprecedented development opportunities. 他抓住了这次千载难逢的机遇，一举成名。 Tā zhuāzhùle zhè cì qiān zài nán féng de jīyù,...
材料科学 (cáiliào kēxué) — materials science
材料科学 (cáiliào kēxué) 材料科学 is an interdisciplinary field that investigates the relationship between the structure of materials at atomic and molecular scales and their macroscopic properties. It bridges physics, chemistry, and engineering to develop new materials for applications ranging from semiconductors to biomaterials and aerospace composites. Meanings [noun] materials science; the scientific discipline studying the composition, structure, properties, and performance of materials Example Sentences 材料科学的进步直接推动了半导体和新能源产业的发展。 Cáiliào kēxué de jìnbù zhíjiē...
打扫 (dǎsǎo) — to clean / to sweep
打扫 (dǎsǎo) 打扫 means to clean up or sweep, typically referring to cleaning a room, floor, or indoor space. It is often followed by a location as the object. The similar word 扫 (sǎo) alone can mean to sweep, but 打扫 is more commonly used for general cleaning. Meanings [verb] To clean; to sweep; to tidy up (a room or space). Example Sentences 我每周末打扫房间。 Wǒ měi zhōumò dǎsǎo fángjiān. I...
反馈 (fǎnkuì) — feedback
反馈 (fǎnkuì) 反馈 means feedback -- information returned in response to an action, product, or performance -- and is widely used in professional, educational, and technical contexts. Meanings [noun] feedback; response; return of information [verb] to feed back; to provide feedback; to report back Example Sentences 老师给学生提供了详细的反馈。 Lǎoshī gěi xuésheng tígōng le xiángxì de fǎnkuì. The teacher provided detailed feedback to the students. 公司鼓励员工对管理层的决策提出反馈。 Gōngsī gǔlì yuángōng duì guǎnlǐ céng...
由此 (yóucǐ) — from this; thus; hence
由此 (yóucǐ) 由此 is a formal connective used to draw a conclusion or logical inference from information that has just been presented, common in academic writing and formal speech. Meanings [adverb] from this; thus; hence; therefore; as a result of this Example Sentences 数据显示销量持续下降，由此可以看出市场需求正在萎缩。 Shùjù xiǎnshì xiāoliàng chíxù xiàjiàng, yóucǐ kěyǐ kàn chū shìchǎng xūqiú zhèngzài wěisuō. Data shows sales continue to fall; hence it can be seen that market...
涌现 (yǒngxiàn) — to emerge in large numbers
涌现 (yǒngxiàn) 涌现 means to emerge or spring up in large numbers or all at once, like a surge of water, and is used to describe the sudden, abundant appearance of people, things, or ideas. Meanings [verb] to emerge in large numbers; to spring up; to come forth in abundance [verb] to surge forth; to appear suddenly and prolifically Example Sentences 改革开放以来，大量优秀的企业家如雨后春笋般涌现。 Gǎigé kāifàng yǐlái, dàliàng yōuxiù de qǐyèjiā rú...
软件 (ruǎnjiàn) — software
软件 (ruǎnjiàn) 软件 is the standard Chinese term for software, covering everything from operating systems to mobile apps. It contrasts directly with 硬件 (hardware) and is used in both technical and everyday contexts. Meanings [noun] software; computer programs, applications, and operating systems Example Sentences 这款软件使用起来非常简单。 Zhè kuǎn ruǎnjiàn shǐyòng qǐlái fēicháng jiǎndān. This software is very easy to use. 公司开发了一款新的管理软件。 Gōngsī kāifā le yī kuǎn xīn de guǎnlǐ ruǎnjiàn. The...
纠结 (jiūjié) — tangled; to agonise over
纠结 (jiūjié) 纠结 originally means to be tangled or entwined. In modern colloquial Chinese it most commonly describes the feeling of being mentally tied up -- unable to decide, dwelling on something, or feeling conflicted between options. Meanings [verb] to agonise over; to dwell on; to be conflicted about; to keep going back and forth [adjective] tangled; conflicted; mentally tied up Example Sentences 她在两所大学之间纠结了很久，最终选择了离家更近的那一所。 Tā zài liǎng suǒ dàxué zhījiān...
核心 (héxīn) — core, nucleus
核心 (héxīn) 核心 refers to the central, most essential part or element of something, the nucleus around which everything else is organized or depends. Meanings [noun] core, nucleus, central element [adjective] core, central, key (as in 核心概念, core concept) Example Sentences 创新是推动经济发展的核心动力。 Chuàngxīn shì tuīdòng jīngjì fāzhǎn de héxīn dònglì. Innovation is the core driving force behind economic development. 以人为本是这项政策的核心理念。 Yǐ rén wéi běn shì zhè xiàng zhèngcè de héxīn...
突然 (tūrán) — suddenly; all of a sudden
突然 (tūrán) 突然 describes something that happens unexpectedly and without prior warning. Meanings [adv/adj] suddenly; all of a sudden; abrupt; unexpected Example Sentences 他突然站起来，大声说了一句话。 Tā tūrán zhàn qǐlái, dàshēng shuō le yī jù huà. He suddenly stood up and said something loudly. 天气突然变冷了，要多穿衣服。 Tiānqì tūrán biàn lěng le, yào duō chuān yīfu. The weather suddenly got cold, you should wear more clothes. 会议突然被取消了，大家都很意外。 Huìyì tūrán bèi qǔxiāo le, dàjiā dōu...
审视 (shěnshì) — to scrutinize, to examine critically
审视 (shěnshì) 审视 means to scrutinize or examine something carefully, often with a critical or evaluative eye. It implies more than casual observation — the examiner is actively judging, assessing, or reconsidering. The word can be used for both physical examination (looking carefully at something) and intellectual scrutiny (critically reviewing an assumption or situation). Meanings [v] to scrutinize; to examine carefully and critically [v] to review; to reassess (an idea,...
片面 (piànmiàn) — One-sided, partial, biased
片面 (piànmiàn) 片面 describes thinking or understanding that is one-sided, incomplete, or biased -- focusing on only one aspect of an issue while ignoring others. Meanings [adj] one-sided; partial; biased; incomplete in perspective Example Sentences 仅凭一次失误就否定一个人，这种看法太片面了。 Jǐn píng yī cì shīwù jiù fǒudìng yī gè rén, zhè zhǒng kànfǎ tài piànmiàn le. Judging a person based on a single mistake is too one-sided. 媒体的报道有时会让人产生片面的认识。 Méitǐ de bàodào yǒushí huì ràng...
成绩 (chéngjì) — grades / achievement
成绩 (chéngjì) 成绩 refers to grades, scores, or the concrete results of effort. It is used for academic performance, work outcomes, and any tangible achievement that can be measured. Meanings [noun] Grades; scores; academic performance. [noun] Achievement; results (of work or effort). Example Sentences 他的考试成绩很好。 Tā de kǎoshì chéngjì hěn hǎo. His exam scores are very good. 努力学习，成绩自然会提高。 Nǔlì xuéxí, chéngjì zìrán huì tígāo. Study hard and your grades will...
卓越 (zhuóyuè) — outstanding, excellent
卓越 (zhuóyuè) 卓越 describes exceptional quality or achievement that stands far above the average or expected standard, indicating genuine distinction and superiority. Meanings [adjective] outstanding, excellent, exceptional, distinguished Example Sentences 这位科学家以其卓越的研究成就获得了诺贝尔奖。 Zhè wèi kēxuéjiā yǐ qí zhuóyuè de yánjiū chéngjiù huòdé le Nuòbèi'ěr Jiǎng. This scientist won the Nobel Prize for his outstanding research achievements. 公司的卓越表现源于其对质量和创新的不懈追求。 Gōngsī de zhuóyuè biǎoxiàn yuányú qí duì zhìliàng hé chuàngxīn de bùxiè zhuīqiú. The...
模式 (móshì) — model; pattern; mode
模式 (móshì) 模式 refers to a pattern, mode, or established way of doing something, often describing a recurring structure or operational approach. Meanings [noun] model; pattern; mode; a standard or recurring way of operating or structuring something Example Sentences 这种工作模式越来越受欢迎。 Zhè zhǒng gōngzuò móshì yuè lái yuè shòu huānyíng. This work pattern is becoming increasingly popular. 传统的教育模式正在发生变化。 Chuántǒng de jiàoyù móshì zhèngzài fāshēng biànhuà. The traditional model of education is...
小时 (xiǎoshí) — hour
小时 (xiǎoshí) 小时 means hour, the unit of time equal to 60 minutes. It is the standard word for duration. Do not confuse it with 时候 (shíhou, time/moment) or 时间 (shíjiān, time as a concept). 小时 always refers to a count of hours. Meanings [noun] Hour (a unit of time, 60 minutes). Example Sentences 我每天学习两个小时。 Wǒ měitiān xuéxí liǎng gè xiǎoshí. I study for two hours every day. 从这里到北京要三个小时。 Cóng...
位置 (wèizhì) — position; location; place
位置 (wèizhì) 位置 refers to the physical or abstract position, location, or place that someone or something occupies, including roles in organizations or rankings. Meanings [noun] position, location, or place in physical or abstract space Example Sentences 请把书放回原来的位置。 Qǐng bǎ shū fàng huí yuánlái de wèizhì. Please put the book back in its original place. 他在公司的位置越来越重要。 Tā zài gōngsī de wèizhì yuè lái yuè zhòngyào. His position in the company...
有意思 (yǒu yìsi) — interesting; fun
有意思 (yǒu yìsi) 有意思 describes something that is interesting, fun, amusing, or thought-provoking enough to hold one's attention. Meanings [adjective] interesting; engaging; worth paying attention to [adjective] fun; amusing; entertaining Example Sentences 这本书非常有意思，我一口气读完了。 Zhè běn shū fēicháng yǒu yìsi, wǒ yī kǒu qì dú wán le. This book is extremely interesting; I read it all in one go. 今天的课很有意思，老师讲了很多故事。 Jīntiān de kè hěn yǒu yìsi, lǎoshī jiǎng le hěn duō...
休闲 (xiūxián) — leisure, recreation
休闲 (xiūxián) 休闲 describes leisure time and recreational activities, as well as a casual, relaxed style or atmosphere. It is used both as a noun and as an adjective modifying clothing, venues, and lifestyles. Meanings n leisure, recreation, free time adj casual, leisure (as in clothing style) Example Sentences 周末我喜欢做一些休闲活动，比如看电影。 Zhōumò wǒ xǐhuān zuò yīxiē xiūxián huódòng, bǐrú kàn diànyǐng. On weekends I like to do leisure activities, such as...
特别 (tèbié) — especially; particularly; special
特别 (tèbié) 特别 serves as both an intensifying adverb (especially, particularly — stronger than 很) and a descriptive adjective (special, unusual). As an adverb it sits before adjectives or verbs: 特别好吃 (especially delicious). As an adjective it describes things that stand out from the norm: 这很特别 (this is special/unusual). Meanings [adv] Especially; particularly — an intensifier stronger than 非常, implying something exceeds expectations. [adj] Special; unique; extraordinary — different from...
设计 (shèjì) — to design; design; plan
设计 (shèjì) 设计 describes the intentional creation of a plan, structure, or aesthetic for a product, system, or experience, and works as both verb and noun. Meanings [verb] To design, to plan, to devise (a product, system, or scheme). [noun] Design, a design, a plan. Example Sentences 这款手机的外观设计简洁大方，深受年轻消费者的喜爱。 Zhè kuǎn shǒujī de wàiguān shèjì jiǎnjié dàfāng, shēn shòu niánqīng xiāofèizhě de xǐ'ài. The appearance design of this phone is sleek...
挑战 (tiǎozhàn) — challenge; to challenge
挑战 (tiǎozhàn) 挑战 refers to a difficult task or situation that tests one's abilities and requires effort to overcome, as well as the act of challenging someone or something. It carries both positive (opportunity to grow) and neutral connotations. Meanings [noun] challenge; a test of ability; a demanding situation [verb] to challenge; to test; to take on (a difficulty or opponent) Example Sentences 人工智能的快速发展对传统就业市场提出了前所未有的挑战。 Réngōng zhìnéng de kuàisù fāzhǎn duì...
从来 (cónglái) — always; at all times (with negation: never)
从来 (cónglái) 从来 indicates that something has consistently been true from the past up to now. In positive sentences it means "always"; when negated with 不 or 没 it means "never." Meanings [adverb] Always; at all times (consistently true from the past to now). [adverb] Never (when used with negation 不 or 没). Example Sentences 她从来不迟到，总是准时到达。 Tā cónglái bù chídào, zǒngshì zhǔnshí dàodá. She never arrives late; she is always...
照片 (zhàopiàn) — photo
照片 (zhàopiàn) 照片 means photograph or photo. It refers to any picture taken by a camera, whether printed or digital. Meanings [noun] Photograph; photo; picture. Example Sentences 这张照片拍得很好看。 Zhè zhāng zhàopiàn pāi de hěn hǎokàn. This photo turned out really nice. 我想看你小时候的照片。 Wǒ xiǎng kàn nǐ xiǎo shíhou de zhàopiàn. I want to see your childhood photos. 她把照片发给了我。 Tā bǎ zhàopiàn fā gěi le wǒ. She sent the photo to...
妈妈 (māma) — mom, mother
妈妈 (māma) 妈妈 is the informal, affectionate word for mother, equivalent to "mom" or "mama." It is among the first words children learn in any language, and Chinese is no exception. Meanings [noun] Mom, mother (informal). Example Sentences 妈妈在厨房做饭。 Māma zài chúfáng zuòfàn. Mom is cooking in the kitchen. 我妈妈很漂亮。 Wǒ māma hěn piàoliang. My mom is very beautiful. 妈妈，我饿了。 Māma, wǒ è le. Mom, I am hungry. 她的妈妈是医生。 Tā...
上市 (shàngshì) — to go public / to come to market
上市 (shàngshì) 上市 describes the process of a company listing its shares on a stock exchange, or more broadly, a product becoming available for sale on the market. Meanings [verb] to go public; to list on a stock exchange (of a company) [verb] to come onto the market; to go on sale (of a product or seasonal item) Example Sentences 这家科技公司计划明年在纽约证券交易所上市。 Zhè jiā kējì gōngsī jìhuà míngnián zài Niǔyuē zhèngquàn...
可爱 (kě'ài) — cute; lovely
可爱 (kě'ài) 可爱 describes something or someone that is cute, adorable, or charming in an endearing way. Meanings [adj] cute; adorable; lovely; charming Example Sentences 这只小狗真可爱！ Zhè zhī xiǎogǒu zhēn kě'ài! This little dog is so cute! 她的女儿长得很可爱，人人都喜欢她。 Tā de nǚ'ér zhǎng de hěn kě'ài, rén rén dōu xǐhuān tā. Her daughter is very cute and everyone likes her. 你画的小熊猫看起来很可爱。 Nǐ huà de xiǎo xióngmāo kàn qǐlái hěn kě'ài. The...
理念 (lǐniàn) — idea, concept, philosophy
理念 (lǐniàn) 理念 refers to a guiding idea, philosophical concept, or foundational belief that underpins a system, approach, or institution. It is more principled and abstract than 想法 (idea/thought) and more concrete than 哲学 (philosophy). It is a high-frequency word in policy documents, institutional discourse, and intellectual commentary. Meanings [n] concept, guiding idea (a foundational principle behind practice) [n] philosophy, belief (a deep-seated conviction shaping one's approach) Example Sentences "以人为本"的发展理念要求政策制定者将公民福祉置于经济增长之上。...
关于 (guānyú) — about
关于 (guānyú) 关于 means about or concerning — it introduces the topic that a statement, book, discussion, or question is focused on. It often appears at the start of a sentence. Meanings [preposition] About; concerning; regarding; on the subject of. Example Sentences 我有一个关于这件事的问题。 Wǒ yǒu yīgè guānyú zhè jiàn shì de wèntí. I have a question about this matter. 这本书是关于中国历史的。 Zhè běn shū shì guānyú Zhōngguó lìshǐ de. This book...
买 (mǎi) — to buy, to purchase
买 (mǎi) 买 means to buy or to purchase. It is the opposite of 卖 (mài, to sell). The two characters look similar: 买 has a cross on top and no person radical below, while 卖 has an extra component on top. Meanings [verb] To buy, to purchase. Example Sentences 我要去超市买水果。 Wǒ yào qù chāoshì mǎi shuǐguǒ. I want to go to the supermarket to buy fruit. 她买了一件新衣服。 Tā mǎi...
同学 (tóngxué) — Classmate
同学 (tóngxué) 同学 refers to someone who studies or studied at the same school or in the same class as you. Meanings [noun] classmate; schoolmate; fellow student Example Sentences 我和我的同学一起复习功课。 Wǒ hé wǒ de tóngxué yīqǐ fùxí gōngkè. My classmates and I review our lessons together. 她是我大学时最好的同学。 Tā shì wǒ dàxué shí zuì hǎo de tóngxué. She was my best classmate during university. 同学们，请翻开教材第三十页。 Tóngxuémen, qǐng fān kāi jiàocái dìsānshí...
媒体 (méitǐ) — media; medium
媒体 (méitǐ) 媒体 refers to the media, including television, newspapers, the internet, and other channels used to communicate information to the public. Meanings [noun] the media; mass media; a medium of communication Example Sentences 媒体对这件事进行了大量报道。 Méitǐ duì zhè jiàn shì jìnxíngle dàliàng bàodào. The media covered this matter extensively. 社交媒体改变了人们的沟通方式。 Shèjiāo méitǐ gǎibiànle rénmen de gōutōng fāngshì. Social media has changed the way people communicate. 他在一家大型媒体公司工作。 Tā zài yī jiā...
教育 (jiàoyù) — education
教育 (jiàoyù) 教育 refers to the process of education, including teaching, learning, and the cultivation of knowledge and character. Meanings [noun] education; schooling; upbringing [verb] to educate; to teach; to instruct Example Sentences 教育是国家发展的基础。 Jiàoyù shì guójiā fāzhǎn de jīchǔ. Education is the foundation of a country's development. 他的父母非常重视孩子的教育。 Tā de fùmǔ fēicháng zhòngshì háizi de jiàoyù. His parents attach great importance to their child's education. 这所学校的教育质量很高。 Zhè suǒ xuéxiào...
友好 (yǒuhǎo) — Friendly
友好 (yǒuhǎo) 友好 describes a warm, amicable relationship between people, groups, or countries. Meanings [adjective] friendly; amicable; cordial Example Sentences 她对每个人都非常友好。 Tā duì měi gè rén dōu fēicháng yǒuhǎo. She is very friendly to everyone. 两国之间建立了友好的外交关系。 Liǎng guó zhījiān jiànlìle yǒuhǎo de wàijiāo guānxi. The two countries established friendly diplomatic relations. 他用友好的语气跟我说话，让我感到很舒服。 Tā yòng yǒuhǎo de yǔqì gēn wǒ shuōhuà, ràng wǒ gǎndào hěn shūfu. He spoke to me in...
补充 (bǔchōng) — to supplement; to add; to complement
补充 (bǔchōng) 补充 means "to supplement," "to add to," or "to complement" and describes filling in gaps or adding more to something that is incomplete. Meanings [verb] to supplement; to add; to replenish [noun] supplement; addition; complement Example Sentences 老师让同学们补充自己的答案。 Lǎoshī ràng tóngxuémen bǔchōng zìjǐ de dá'àn. The teacher asked students to supplement their answers. 我想补充一点重要信息。 Wǒ xiǎng bǔchōng yīdiǎn zhòngyào xìnxī. I would like to add one important piece...
水 (shuǐ) — water
水 (shuǐ) Water, the most essential liquid. 水 is one of the most fundamental characters in Chinese, appearing in hundreds of compound words related to liquids, rivers, and flow. Meanings [noun] Water. The clear liquid essential for life, drinking, and cooking. [noun] Any liquid in general, in some compound words. Example Sentences 我想喝水。 Wǒ xiǎng hē shuǐ. I want to drink water. 请给我一杯水。 Qǐng gěi wǒ yī bēi shuǐ. Please...
变革 (biàngé) — reform; transformation
变革 (biàngé) 变革 refers to fundamental, often large-scale change or reform in society, institutions, or systems, implying a deeper transformation than simple modification. Meanings [noun] reform; transformation; fundamental change [verb] to reform; to transform; to bring about fundamental change Example Sentences 工业革命带来了深刻的社会变革。 Gōngyè gémìng dàilái le shēnkè de shèhuì biàngé. The Industrial Revolution brought about profound social transformation. 这个国家正在经历一场深刻的政治变革。 Zhège guójiā zhèngzài jīnglì yī chǎng shēnkè de zhèngzhì biàngé. This...
经过 (jīngguò) — to pass by / through
经过 (jīngguò) 经过 means to pass by a place or go through a process. As a preposition it introduces the means or process through which a result was achieved. Meanings [verb] To pass by; to pass through (a place or process). [preposition] After; through; as a result of (introducing a process). Example Sentences 我每天上学都要经过那个公园。 Wǒ měitiān shàngxué dōu yào jīngguò nàgè gōngyuán. I pass by that park every day on...
满意 (mǎnyì) — satisfied, content
满意 (mǎnyì) 满意 means satisfied or content, used when something meets your expectations or desires. 满 means "full/filled" and 意 means "intention/meaning," together conveying "filled with the intended result." Meanings [adjective] Satisfied, content, pleased. Example Sentences 我对这个结果很满意。 Wǒ duì zhège jiéguǒ hěn mǎnyì. I am very satisfied with this result. 老师对学生的表现很满意。 Lǎoshī duì xuésheng de biǎoxiàn hěn mǎnyì. The teacher is very satisfied with the students' performance. 你满意吗？ Nǐ mǎnyì...
构建 (gòujiàn) — to build; to construct
构建 (gòujiàn) 构建 means to construct or build something deliberately and systematically, and is most often used for abstract constructions such as systems, frameworks, theories, and social relationships. Meanings [verb] to construct; to build; to create in a systematic way [verb] to establish (a framework, system, model, or relationship) Example Sentences 政府致力于构建更完善的社会保障体系。 Zhèngfǔ zhìlì yú gòujiàn gèng wánshàn de shèhuì bǎozhàng tǐxì. The government is committed to constructing a more...
统一 (tǒngyī) — unification, unified, to unify
统一 (tǒngyī) 统一 refers to the act of unifying or standardizing, bringing diverse elements together into a single coherent whole, and can describe both political unification and conceptual or operational standardization. Meanings [verb] to unify, to unite, to standardize [adjective] unified, uniform, standard [noun] unification, unity Example Sentences 秦始皇统一了六国，建立了中国历史上第一个中央集权国家。 Qín shǐ huáng tǒngyī le liù guó, jiànlì le Zhōngguó lìshǐ shàng dì yīgè zhōngyāng jíquán guójiā. Qin Shi Huang unified...
凝练 (nínliàn) — to distill; refined and concise
凝练 (nínliàn) 凝练 describes language or expression that is both concise and dense with meaning — each word carrying concentrated depth. As a verb, it means to distill or condense ideas into compact form. As an adjective, it describes writing that is not merely brief but rich with compressed meaning. It is a high praise in Chinese literary criticism, suggesting both economy and profundity. Meanings [adj] concise and profound; refined...
诚实 (chénɡshí) — honest / honesty
诚实 (chéngshí) 诚实 means honest or truthful, describing a person who says what they truly think and does not deceive others. Meanings [adjective] honest; truthful; sincere; straightforward Example Sentences 诚实是最重要的品质之一。 Chéngshí shì zuì zhòngyào de pǐnzhì zhī yī. Honesty is one of the most important qualities. 你应该诚实地告诉他真相。 Nǐ yīnggāi chéngshí de gàosù tā zhēnxiàng. You should honestly tell him the truth. 他是一个非常诚实的人，从不说谎。 Tā shì yīgè fēicháng chéngshí de rén, cóng...
她 (tā) — she, her
她 (tā) The third-person singular pronoun for females; it is pronounced identically to 他 (he) and 它 (it) — all are tā — so gender is only visible in writing. Meanings [pronoun] She (subject). [pronoun] Her (object). [pronoun] Her (before 的: 她的). Example Sentences 她是我的朋友。 Tā shì wǒ de péngyou. She is my friend. 我爱她。 Wǒ ài tā. I love her. 她的中文说得很好。 Tā de Zhōngwén shuō de hěn hǎo. She...
了解 (liǎojiě) — to understand; to find out; knowledge
了解 (liǎojiě) 了解 means to understand something by actively learning about it or gathering information. It implies a deeper familiarity than simply knowing a fact (知道 zhīdào), suggesting that you have taken steps to inquire, observe, or research in order to grasp the full picture. Meanings [verb] To understand; to find out; to learn about; to get to know. [noun] Understanding; knowledge; familiarity. Example Sentences 我想进一步了解这家公司的文化和发展方向。 Wǒ xiǎng jìnyībù liǎojiě...
行业 (hángyè) — industry; sector; trade
行业 (hángyè) 行业 refers to a specific sector, trade, or field of economic activity. Meanings [noun] Industry; sector; trade; line of work. Example Sentences 互联网行业发展得非常快。 Hùliánwǎng hángyè fāzhǎn de fēicháng kuài. The internet industry is developing very rapidly. 他在金融行业工作了很多年。 Tā zài jīnróng hángyè gōngzuòle hěn duō nián. He has worked in the financial industry for many years. 进入这个行业需要专业的技术。 Jìnrù zhège hángyè xūyào zhuānyè de jìshù. Entering this industry requires professional...
奥运会 (Àoyùnhuì) — Olympics, Olympic Games
奥运会 (Àoyùnhuì) 奥运会 refers to the Olympic Games, the world's foremost international multi-sport event held every four years. The name is a shortening of 奥林匹克运动会 (Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì). Meanings n the Olympic Games; the Olympics Example Sentences 北京在2008年举办了奥运会。 Běijīng zài 2008 nián jǔbàn le Àoyùnhuì. Beijing hosted the Olympic Games in 2008. 她的梦想是参加奥运会并赢得金牌。 Tā de mèngxiǎng shì cānjiā Àoyùnhuì bìng yíngdé jīnpái. Her dream is to compete in the Olympics and...
调整 (tiáozhěng) — to adjust; adjustment
调整 (tiáozhěng) 调整 means to make adjustments or modifications to something in order to improve it or make it more appropriate, and is used across a wide range of contexts from personal habits to policy revision. Meanings [verb] to adjust; to modify; to revise; to fine-tune [noun] adjustment; modification; revision Example Sentences 公司根据市场变化对定价策略进行了调整。 Gōngsī gēnjù shìchǎng biànhuà duì dìngjià cèlüè jìnxíng le tiáozhěng. The company adjusted its pricing strategy based...
饮食 (yǐnshí) — diet, eating habits
饮食 (yǐnshí) 饮食 refers to a person's overall eating and drinking habits or dietary patterns. It is broader than a single meal and is commonly used in health and lifestyle discussions. Meanings [noun] diet; eating habits; food and drink as a general lifestyle concept Example Sentences 健康的饮食习惯对预防疾病很重要。 Jiànkāng de yǐnshí xíguàn duì yùfáng jíbìng hěn zhòngyào. Healthy eating habits are very important for preventing disease. 他的饮食很不规律，经常不吃早饭。 Tā de yǐnshí hěn...
不过 (búguò) — however
不过 (búguò) 不过 means however or but, used to introduce a mild contrast or qualification. It is softer and more conversational than 但是 (dànshì), making it ideal for gentle corrections or adding a caveat. Meanings [conjunction] However; but; only (introducing a mild contrast or qualification). [adverb] Only; merely; nothing more than. Example Sentences 这道菜很好吃，不过有点辣。 Zhè dào cài hěn hǎochī, búguò yǒu diǎn là. This dish is very tasty; however, it's...
示范 (shìfàn) — to demonstrate; to set an example
示范 (shìfàn) 示范 means to demonstrate a skill or behavior as a model for others to observe and follow, widely used in education, policy, and professional training. Meanings [verb] to demonstrate; to set an example; to model [noun] demonstration; model example Example Sentences 体育老师亲自示范了正确的跳远姿势。 Tǐyù lǎoshī qīnzì shìfàn le zhèngquè de tiào yuǎn zīshì. The PE teacher personally demonstrated the correct long-jump posture. 这个试点城市将作为绿色发展的示范，供全国学习借鉴。 Zhège shìdiǎn chéngshì jiāng zuòwéi lǜsè...
二 (èr) — two
二 (èr) The number two; use 二 for standalone counting, ordinals, phone numbers, and positions in compound numbers. Use 两 (liǎng) when directly preceding a measure word (两个人, two people) or in quantities. Meanings [number] Two, the digit 2. Key Distinction: 二 vs. 两 二 is used when counting (一、二、三), in ordinals (第二, second), in compound numbers (二十, 20; 一百二, 120), and in phone or ID numbers. 两 is used...
全面 (quánmiàn) — comprehensive, all-round
全面 (quánmiàn) 全面 describes something that covers all aspects or dimensions of a subject without omission, indicating thoroughness and comprehensiveness. Meanings [adjective] comprehensive, all-round, thorough [adverb] comprehensively, in all respects Example Sentences 我们需要对这个问题进行全面深入的分析。 Wǒmen xūyào duì zhège wèntí jìnxíng quánmiàn shēnrù de fēnxī. We need to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of this issue. 这份报告全面反映了当前经济形势。 Zhè fèn bàogào quánmiàn fǎnyìng le dāngqián jīngjì xíngshì. This report comprehensively reflects the...
被动 (bèidòng) — passive; reactive
被动 (bèidòng) 被动 means "passive" or "reactive" and describes a state in which someone or something is acted upon rather than taking initiative. Meanings [adjective] passive; not taking initiative [adjective] reactive; in a disadvantaged or responding position Example Sentences 他在工作中太被动了，需要主动一些。 Tā zài gōngzuò zhōng tài bèidòng le, xūyào zhǔdòng yīxiē. He is too passive at work and needs to take more initiative. 这个团队处于被动的局面。 Zhège tuánduì chǔyú bèidòng de júmiàn. This...
濒危 (bīnwēi) — Endangered, on the verge of danger
濒危 (bīnwēi) 濒危 describes a state of being on the verge of a crisis or extinction -- most commonly used for endangered species, but also applicable to languages, cultures, or situations facing imminent collapse. Meanings [adj] endangered; on the brink of extinction; critically threatened Example Sentences 大熊猫曾经是濒危物种，经过多年保护，数量有所回升。 Dàxióngmāo céngjīng shì bīnwēi wùzhǒng, jīngguò duō nián bǎohù, shùliàng yǒu suǒ huíshēng. The giant panda was once an endangered species; after years...
竞争对手 (jìngzhēng duìshǒu) — competitor; rival
竞争对手 (jìngzhēng duìshǒu) 竞争对手 means a competitor or rival, referring to an individual or organization that competes against you in the same field. Meanings [noun] competitor; rival; an entity that competes with you for the same goal or market Example Sentences 我们要了解竞争对手的优势和弱点。 Wǒmen yào liǎojiě jìngzhēng duìshǒu de yōushì hé ruòdiǎn. We need to understand the strengths and weaknesses of our competitors. 这两家公司是直接竞争对手。 Zhè liǎng jiā gōngsī shì zhíjiē jìngzhēng...
懂 (dǒng) — to understand; to know how
懂 (dǒng) 懂 means to understand in the sense of having internalized knowledge or a skill. It is used for languages, subjects, and areas of expertise. Compare with 明白 (míngbai), which means to understand a specific explanation or situation and become clear on it. Use 懂 for skills and domains; use 明白 when something "clicks" in context. Meanings [verb] To understand; to know how; to be knowledgeable about. Implies a...
介绍 (jièshào) — to introduce / introduction
介绍 (jièshào) To introduce a person to others or to present information about something; also used as a noun meaning "introduction." Meanings [verb] To introduce (a person or topic). [noun] Introduction, presentation, description. Example Sentences 请介绍一下你自己。 Qǐng jièshào yīxià nǐ zìjǐ. Please introduce yourself. 他向大家介绍了这个新项目。 Tā xiàng dàjiā jièshào le zhège xīn xiàngmù. He introduced the new project to everyone. 这本书的介绍很有趣。 Zhè běn shū de jièshào hěn yǒuqù. The introduction...
利益 (lìyì) — interest, benefit, profit
利益 (lìyì) 利益 refers to a broad range of advantages, gains, or benefits -- material or non-material -- that serve the welfare or goals of an individual, group, or country. Meanings [noun] interest, benefit, profit, gain (used broadly for material and non-material advantages) Example Sentences 国家利益是外交政策制定的核心出发点。 Guójiā lìyì shì wàijiāo zhèngcè zhìdìng de héxīn chūfādiǎn. National interest is the core starting point for formulating foreign policy. 这项协议对双方都有利，符合共同利益。 Zhè xiàng xiéyì...
债券 (zhàiquàn) — bond; debenture
债券 (zhàiquàn) 债券 refers to a fixed-income debt security issued by a government or corporation to raise funds, with a promise to repay the principal and interest at a specified date, traded on financial markets. Meanings [noun] bond; debenture (a debt instrument issued to raise capital, with fixed interest payments and a maturity date) Example Sentences 中国国债被认为是低风险的投资工具，吸引了大量国内外投资者。 Zhōngguó guózhài bèi rènwéi shì dī fēngxiǎn de tóuzī gōngjù, xīyǐnle dàliàng guónèi...
号召 (hàozhào) — to call on; appeal
号召 (hàozhào) 号召 means to publicly call on or appeal to people to take action, and also refers to such a call or appeal itself, often used in political, social, and organizational contexts. Meanings [verb] to call on; to appeal to; to rally (people to a cause or action) [noun] a call; an appeal; a rallying cry Example Sentences 政府号召全体公民积极参与环保行动。 Zhèngfǔ hàozhào quántǐ gōngmín jījí cānyù huánbǎo xíngdòng. The government...
中文 (Zhōngwén) — Chinese (written/general)
中文 (Zhōngwén) The Chinese language, with an emphasis on the written form or the language in general. 中 means "Chinese" (as in China) and 文 means "writing," "text," or "language." Compare with 汉语 (Hànyǔ), which focuses more on spoken Chinese. Meanings [noun] Chinese language, written Chinese. The language of China, often used when referring to Chinese text, books, or general language ability. Example Sentences 这本书是中文的。 Zhè běn shū shì Zhōngwén...
互相 (hùxiāng) — mutually; each other; one another
互相 (hùxiāng) 互相 is an adverb indicating that an action is reciprocal — each party both performs and receives the action in relation to the other. Meanings [adverb] Mutually, each other, one another (indicating a reciprocal relationship). Example Sentences 两国之间需要互相尊重，才能建立起长久稳定的合作关系。 Liǎng guó zhī jiān xūyào hùxiāng zūnzhòng, cái néng jiànlì qǐ chángjiǔ wěndìng de hézuò guānxi. The two countries need to respect each other before they can establish a long-term,...
用药 (yòngyào) — to administer medication
用药 (yòngyào) 用药 refers to the act of administering, prescribing, or using medications in a clinical or therapeutic context. Beyond the basic meaning, it encompasses the full pharmacological decision-making process: drug selection, dosing, timing, and route of administration. At C2 level, it is used in pharmacology, clinical pharmacy, and medical ethics with an emphasis on rationality and precision. Meanings verb to administer medication; to prescribe or use pharmaceutical drugs therapeutically...
创造力 (chuàngzào lì) — creativity, creative power
创造力 (chuàngzào lì) 创造力 refers to the innate or cultivated ability to generate original ideas, solutions, or works -- the capacity to create something genuinely new and valuable. Meanings [noun] creativity, creative ability, creative power Example Sentences 孩子天生具有丰富的创造力，教育应该保护和激发这种能力。 Háizi tiānshēng jùyǒu fēngfù de chuàngzào lì, jiàoyù yīnggāi bǎohù hé jīfā zhè zhǒng nénglì. Children are born with rich creativity, and education should protect and stimulate this ability. 艺术家的创造力往往来源于对生活的深刻观察和感悟。 Yìshùjiā de...
低碳 (dītàn) — low-carbon
低碳 (dītàn) 低碳 describes activities, technologies, lifestyles, or economies that produce significantly fewer carbon dioxide emissions, and is closely associated with efforts to combat climate change and promote sustainable development. Meanings [adjective] low-carbon; producing or emitting less carbon dioxide (describing sustainable, eco-friendly practices) Example Sentences 发展低碳经济是应对气候变化、实现可持续发展的必然选择。 Fāzhǎn dītàn jīngjì shì yìngduì qìhòu biànhuà, shíxiàn kěchíxù fāzhǎn de bìrán xuǎnzé. Developing a low-carbon economy is an inevitable choice for addressing climate...
感情 (gǎnqíng) — emotion; feeling
感情 (gǎnqíng) 感情 refers to emotions, feelings, or the emotional bonds between people such as love, friendship, or affection. Meanings [noun] emotion; feeling; affection; sentiment; emotional bond Example Sentences 他们之间的感情很深厚。 Tāmen zhī jiān de gǎnqíng hěn shēnhòu. The emotional bond between them is very deep. 不要让感情影响你做决定。 Bùyào ràng gǎnqíng yǐngxiǎng nǐ zuò juédìng. Do not let emotions affect your decision making. 多年的共事让我们建立了深厚的感情。 Duō nián de gòngshì ràng wǒmen jiànlì le...
预防 (yùfáng) — prevention; to prevent
预防 (yùfáng) 预防 means to prevent or take precautionary measures against something undesirable, especially illness or disaster. It is widely used in public health and safety contexts. Meanings [verb] to prevent; to take precautions against [noun] prevention; precautionary measures Example Sentences 洗手是预防传染病最有效的方法之一。 Xǐshǒu shì yùfáng chuánrǎnbìng zuì yǒuxiào de fāngfǎ zhī yī. Washing hands is one of the most effective methods of preventing infectious diseases. 政府采取了多种措施来预防流感的传播。 Zhèngfǔ cǎiqǔ le duō...
评论 (pínglùn) — to comment; commentary
评论 (pínglùn) 评论 encompasses the act of commenting, critiquing, or reviewing something, as well as the resulting commentary itself, spanning from social media comments to professional critical analysis. Meanings [verb] to comment on; to critique; to review [noun] commentary; comment; review; critique Example Sentences 这篇影评引发了网友的热烈评论。 Zhè piān yǐngpíng yǐnfā le wǎngyǒu de rèliè pínglùn. This film review sparked lively comments from internet users. 他对这本书做了一篇深刻的评论。 Tā duì zhè běn shū zuò...
好看 (hǎokàn) — good-looking
好看 (hǎokàn) An adjective meaning pleasant to look at or good-looking. Unlike 漂亮 (piàoliang), which focuses on striking human beauty, 好看 is broader and more neutral. It can describe scenery, clothes, objects, movies, and people. Think of 好看 as "nice to look at" and 漂亮 as "beautiful/pretty." Meanings [adjective] Good-looking, pleasant to look at (for people, objects, scenery, or media). [adjective] Interesting, worth watching (for films, books, or shows). Example...
谁 (shuí / shéi) — who
谁 (shuí / shéi) The interrogative pronoun meaning "who," used to ask about a person's identity; it can appear in any position where a noun referring to a person would appear. Both pronunciations shuí and shéi are standard and interchangeable. Meanings [pronoun] Who (subject or object in a question). [pronoun] Whoever (in a relative or conditional sense: 谁…谁…). Example Sentences 你是谁？ Nǐ shì shuí? Who are you? 门口站着的那个人是谁？ Ménkǒu zhànzhe...
冲突 (chōngtū) — conflict, clash
冲突 (chōngtū) 冲突 refers to a clash, disagreement, or collision between opposing forces, interests, values, or people, ranging from personal disputes to international conflicts. Meanings [noun] conflict, clash, confrontation [verb] to conflict with, to clash Example Sentences 两国之间的边境冲突已持续了数月。 Liǎng guó zhī jiān de biānjìng chōngtū yǐ chíxù le shù yuè. The border conflict between the two countries has lasted for several months. 他的个人价值观与公司文化产生了严重冲突。 Tā de gèrén jiàzhíguān yǔ gōngsī wénhuà...
投资 (tóuzī) — to invest; investment
投资 (tóuzī) 投资 refers specifically to the act of committing money or capital to a project, business, or asset with the expectation of a financial return or benefit, and is the primary word for "investment" in economic and business contexts. Meanings [verb] to invest (money or capital into something) [noun] investment; capital investment Example Sentences 随着中国经济的持续增长，越来越多的外资企业选择在华投资兴业。 Suízhe Zhōngguó jīngjì de chíxù zēngzhǎng, yuè lái yuè duō de wài zī qǐyè...
焦虑 (jiāolǜ) — Anxiety, anxious
焦虑 (jiāolǜ) 焦虑 describes the emotional state of anxiety, worry, and unease -- a persistent feeling of apprehension about uncertain outcomes or future events. Meanings [noun] anxiety; worry; apprehension [adj] anxious; worried; uneasy Example Sentences 考试前夕，很多学生都会感到焦虑。 Kǎoshì qiányè, hěn duō xuéshēng dōu huì gǎndào jiāolǜ. On the eve of an exam, many students feel anxious. 长期的工作压力让她产生了严重的焦虑情绪。 Chángqī de gōngzuò yālì ràng tā chǎnshēngle yánzhòng de jiāolǜ qíngxù. Long-term work pressure...
反映 (fǎnyìng) — to reflect; to report; to mirror
反映 (fǎnyìng) 反映 has two main uses: it can mean that something reflects or mirrors a situation (as a mirror reflects light), and it can mean to report or convey information, especially problems or opinions, to a relevant person or authority. Meanings [verb] To reflect; to mirror (a condition or reality). [verb] To report; to convey; to relay (feedback or a complaint). Example Sentences 这部电影真实地反映了当时社会的状况。 Zhè bù diànyǐng zhēnshí de...
拥有 (yōngyǒu) — to possess; to own; to have
拥有 (yōngyǒu) 拥有 describes the possession of something — typically something valuable, significant, or abstract — and carries more weight than simply 有 (to have). Meanings [verb] To possess, to own, to have (especially something of value or significance). Example Sentences 这座城市拥有数百年的历史，保存着大量珍贵的文化遗址。 Zhè zuò chéngshì yōngyǒu shù bǎi nián de lìshǐ, bǎocún zhe dàliàng zhēnguì de wénhuà yízhǐ. This city possesses hundreds of years of history and preserves numerous precious...
威胁 (wēixié) — Threaten
威胁 (wēixié) 威胁 means to threaten someone or something, or refers to a threat that puts someone at risk. Meanings [verb] to threaten; to intimidate; to pose a threat to [noun] threat; menace Example Sentences 污染正在严重威胁这里的生态环境。 Wūrǎn zhèngzài yánzhòng wēixié zhèlǐ de shēngtài huánjìng. Pollution is seriously threatening the ecological environment here. 他受到了恐怖分子的威胁，不敢出门。 Tā shòudào le kǒngbù fènzǐ de wēixié, bù gǎn chūmén. He was threatened by terrorists and didn't...
梳理 (shūlǐ) — to comb through, to organize
梳理 (shūlǐ) 梳理 literally means to comb (hair), and metaphorically means to sort through, organize, or untangle complex information, ideas, or issues systematically. It implies bringing order to something that is complex or messy. It is widely used in academic and professional contexts when reviewing literature, organizing thoughts, or analyzing a tangled situation. Meanings [v] to comb through; to sort and organize systematically [v] to untangle; to clarify (a complex...
没关系 (méi guānxi) — it's okay; no problem
没关系 (méi guānxi) 没关系 means "it's okay," "no problem," or "never mind." It is the standard reassuring response when someone apologizes to you. Meanings [phrase] It's okay; no problem; don't worry about it; never mind (forgiving or reassuring the other person). Example Sentences A: 对不起！ B: 没关系！ A: Duìbuqǐ! B: Méi guānxi! A: Sorry! B: It's okay! 没关系，我不介意。 Méi guānxi, wǒ bù jièyì. It's fine, I don't mind. 你迟到了？没关系，我刚到。 Nǐ...
可持续发展 (kě chíxù fāzhǎn) — sustainable development
可持续发展 (kě chíxù fāzhǎn) 可持续发展 is the Chinese term for "sustainable development," referring to growth that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. Meanings [noun phrase] sustainable development (development that balances economic, social, and environmental needs) Example Sentences 可持续发展是当今世界面临的重要课题。 Kě chíxù fāzhǎn shì dāngjīn shìjiè miànlín de zhòngyào kètí. Sustainable development is an important issue facing the world today. 联合国提出了17项可持续发展目标。 Liánhéguó tíchū le 17...
自信 (zìxìn) — confident; self-confidence
自信 (zìxìn) 自信 describes the belief and trust one has in one's own abilities, qualities, and judgment. Meanings [adj/noun] confident; self-confidence; belief in oneself Example Sentences 她说话的时候很自信，让人印象深刻。 Tā shuōhuà de shíhou hěn zìxìn, ràng rén yìnxiàng shēnkè. She speaks with great confidence, which leaves a deep impression. 自信是成功的第一步。 Zìxìn shì chénggōng de dì yī bù. Self-confidence is the first step to success. 经过多次练习，他越来越自信了。 Jīngguò duō cì liànxí, tā yuèláiyuè zìxìn...
繁荣 (fánróng) — prosperous; to flourish
繁荣 (fánróng) 繁荣 describes a state of great activity, growth, and prosperity, typically applied to economies, cultures, societies, or markets. It can function as an adjective (thriving, prosperous) or a verb (to make prosper, to flourish). Meanings [adjective] prosperous; thriving; flourishing; booming [verb] to prosper; to flourish; to make something thrive Example Sentences 改革开放政策推动了中国经济的持续繁荣。 Gǎigé kāifàng zhèngcè tuīdòngle Zhōngguó jīngjì de chíxù fánróng. The reform and opening-up policy has driven...
引导 (yǐndǎo) — to guide; to lead; to direct
引导 (yǐndǎo) To guide or lead means to help direct someone's thinking, behavior, or movement toward a particular goal or along a particular path. Meanings [verb] to guide; to lead; to direct; to steer; to channel (people, thinking, or development) Example Sentences 老师善于引导学生独立思考，而不是直接给出答案。 Lǎoshī shànyú yǐndǎo xuéshēng dúlì sīkǎo, ér bù shì zhíjiē gěi chū dá'àn. The teacher is good at guiding students to think independently rather than giving answers...
倒 (dào) — on the contrary; but actually; unexpectedly
倒 (dào) 倒 (in the neutral or falling tone, dào, distinct from 倒 dǎo "to fall/pour") is a concessive or contrastive adverb. It signals that what actually happens is the reverse of, or contrary to, what was expected. It can carry a tone of mild surprise, irony, or gentle pushback. Meanings [adverb] On the contrary; but actually; unexpectedly — contrasts reality with expectation, often with a slight air of irony...
其实 (qíshí) — actually, in fact
其实 (qíshí) 其实 is an adverb meaning "actually" or "in fact." It typically introduces a statement that corrects a misunderstanding, reveals a truth, or contrasts with what someone assumed. It often appears at the start of a clause. Meanings [adverb] Actually, in fact (introduces a correction or revelation). Example Sentences 他看起来很严格，其实很好相处。 Tā kàn qǐlái hěn yángé, qíshí hěn hǎo xiāngchǔ. He looks very strict, but actually he is easy to...
不是 (bú shì) — no; is not; am not; are not
不是 (bú shì) 不是 means "is not," "am not," or simply "no" in response to a question about identity or status. It negates the verb 是 (to be). Meanings [phrase] Is not; am not; are not (negation of 是 in equational sentences). [phrase] No (as a standalone response when the question uses 是). Example Sentences 我不是老师，我是学生。 Wǒ bú shì lǎoshī, wǒ shì xuésheng. I am not a teacher, I am...
听 (tīng) — to listen, to hear
听 (tīng) 听 means to listen or to hear. It covers both the active act of listening and the passive act of hearing. It pairs naturally with music, speech, and audio content. Meanings [verb] To listen to, to hear. Example Sentences 我喜欢听音乐。 Wǒ xǐhuān tīng yīnyuè. I like to listen to music. 请大家安静，听老师说。 Qǐng dàjiā ānjìng, tīng lǎoshī shuō. Please be quiet, everyone, and listen to the teacher. 你听到了吗？ Nǐ...
运营 (yùnyíng) — to operate; operations
运营 (yùnyíng) 运营 refers to the ongoing operation and management of a business, platform, or service, and is a core term in Chinese business, marketing, and management contexts at B2 level. Meanings [verb] to operate; to run (a business or service) [noun] operations; management of ongoing activities Example Sentences 这家公司运营着全国最大的电商平台之一。 Zhè jiā gōngsī yùnyíngzhe quánguó zuì dà de diànshāng píngtái zhī yī. This company operates one of the largest e-commerce...
坐 (zuò) — to sit / to travel by
坐 (zuò) A verb with two common uses: "to sit" (to take a seated position) and "to take/ride" a vehicle. When talking about transportation, 坐 is used with buses, trains, planes, and taxis. Meanings [verb] To sit, to be seated. [verb] To take, to ride (a vehicle such as a bus, train, or plane). Example Sentences 请坐，喝点茶。 Qǐng zuò, hē diǎn chá. Please sit, have some tea. 我每天坐公共汽车上学。 Wǒ měitiān...
流媒体 (liú méitǐ) — streaming
流媒体 (liú méitǐ) 流媒体 refers to streaming media, meaning audio or video content that is delivered continuously over the internet rather than downloaded. It describes both the technology and services like streaming platforms for music and video. Meanings [noun] streaming; streaming media; continuous delivery of audio or video over the internet Example Sentences 越来越多的人选择流媒体而不买光盘。 Yuèlái yuè duō de rén xuǎnzé liú méitǐ ér bù mǎi guāngpán. More and more people...
熟悉 (shúxī) — familiar with
熟悉 (shúxī) 熟悉 means to be familiar with something through repeated contact, practice, or experience. It is the feeling of knowing something well enough that it no longer feels foreign. Meanings [verb] To know well; to be familiar with; to be acquainted with. [adjective] Familiar; well-known (to oneself). Example Sentences 我对这个城市很熟悉。 Wǒ duì zhège chéngshì hěn shúxī. I am very familiar with this city. 他熟悉这里的环境，可以带我们参观。 Tā shúxī zhèlǐ de huánjìng,...
提出 (tíchū) — to propose; to put forward; to raise
提出 (tíchū) 提出 means to propose, raise, or put forward an idea, question, or suggestion, introducing it into a discussion or bringing it to someone's attention for consideration. Meanings [verb] to propose; to put forward; to raise; to bring up Example Sentences 他在会议上提出了一个新的解决方案。 Tā zài huìyì shàng tíchūle yīgè xīn de jiějué fāng'àn. He put forward a new solution at the meeting. 学生们可以向老师提出问题。 Xuéshēngmen kěyǐ xiàng lǎoshī tíchū wèntí. Students...
继续 (jìxù) — to continue
继续 (jìxù) 继续 means to continue doing something or to carry on without stopping, picking up where one left off. Meanings [verb] to continue; to go on; to carry on; to keep doing Example Sentences 请继续说，我在听。 Qǐng jìxù shuō, wǒ zài tīng. Please continue speaking; I am listening. 休息一下，然后继续工作。 Xiūxi yīxià, ránhòu jìxù gōngzuò. Take a rest, then continue working. 尽管很难，他还是继续努力了。 Jǐnguǎn hěn nán, tā háishi jìxù nǔlì le. Even...
时候 (shíhou) — time, moment, occasion
时候 (shíhou) Refers to a specific point in time, a moment, or an occasion. It answers the question "when?" and is used in constructions like 的时候 (when..., at the time of...). Key contrast: 时候 is a point or occasion, while 时间 (shíjiān) refers to duration or time as an abstract concept. Meanings [noun] A point in time, a moment, an occasion. Example Sentences 我小的时候喜欢唱歌。 Wǒ xiǎo de shíhou xǐhuan chànggē....
期待 (qīdài) — to look forward to; to expect
期待 (qīdài) 期待 expresses the feeling of eagerly waiting and hoping for something to happen. Meanings [verb/noun] to look forward to; to expect with hope; eager anticipation Example Sentences 我非常期待这次旅行。 Wǒ fēicháng qīdài zhè cì lǚxíng. I am really looking forward to this trip. 大家都在期待他的新专辑。 Dàjiā dōu zài qīdài tā de xīn zhuānjí. Everyone is looking forward to his new album. 我期待着和你再次见面。 Wǒ qīdài zhe hé nǐ zàicì jiànmiàn. I...
透明度 (tòumíngdù) — transparency; degree of transparency
透明度 (tòumíngdù) 透明度 refers to the degree of transparency, openness, or accountability, and is widely used in governance, finance, corporate management, and public discourse at B2 level. Meanings [noun] transparency; openness; accountability (institutional/social sense) [noun] degree of transparency (physical/optical sense) Example Sentences 提高政府的透明度是推进廉洁政治的重要措施。 Tígāo zhèngfǔ de tòumíngdù shì tuījìn liánjié zhèngzhì de zhòngyào cuòshī. Increasing government transparency is an important measure for promoting clean politics. 这家公司的财务透明度很高，所有财报都向公众公开。 Zhè jiā gōngsī de...
法律 (fǎlǜ) — law, legislation
法律 (fǎlǜ) 法律 refers to law as a formal system of rules created and enforced by society or government. It covers both specific laws and the general concept of the legal system. Meanings n law, legislation, the law Example Sentences 每个公民都应该遵守法律。 Měi gè gōngmín dōu yīnggāi zūnshǒu fǎlǜ. Every citizen should abide by the law. 法律面前人人平等。 Fǎlǜ miànqián rénrén píngděng. Everyone is equal before the law. 这项行为违反了国家法律。 Zhè xiàng xíngwéi...
随着 (suízhe) — along with; following; as
随着 (suízhe) 随着 means "along with" or "as (something changes/develops)." It introduces a driving factor or accompanying change, with the main clause describing what happens as a result. It highlights a parallel development between two things. Meanings [preposition] Along with; following; as — introduces a changing condition that is accompanied by a corresponding change in the main clause. Pattern 随着 + [changing factor] + [corresponding result/change] Example Sentences 随着科技的发展，人们的生活越来越方便。 Suízhe...
宣传 (xuānchuán) — to publicize; to promote; propaganda
宣传 (xuānchuán) To publicize or promote means to spread information about something in order to persuade people to support it, whether in commercial, political, or public service contexts. Meanings [verb] to publicize; to promote; to spread awareness; to propagandize [noun] publicity; promotion; propaganda; public information campaign Example Sentences 政府开展了大规模的环保宣传活动。 Zhèngfǔ kāizhǎnle dàguīmó de huánbǎo xuānchuán huódòng. The government launched a large-scale environmental protection publicity campaign. 这家公司在社交媒体上大力宣传新产品。 Zhè jiā gōngsī zài...
等 (děng) — to wait / etc.
等 (děng) 等 has two distinct but equally common uses. As a verb it means to wait for someone or something. As a sentence-final particle after a list of items it means and so on or et cetera. Meanings [verb] To wait; to wait for. [particle] Et cetera; and so on; and the like (after a list of examples). Example Sentences 请在这里等我。 Qǐng zài zhèlǐ děng wǒ. Please wait for...
认可 (rènkě) — to approve; to recognize; approval
认可 (rènkě) 认可 means to officially or personally approve, recognize, or endorse something or someone, and can also function as a noun meaning "approval" or "recognition." Meanings [verb] To approve; to recognize; to endorse (to give acceptance to something or someone). [noun] Approval; recognition; endorsement. Example Sentences 他的努力终于得到了老师的认可。 Tā de nǔlì zhōngyú dédào le lǎoshī de rènkě. His hard work finally received the teacher's recognition. 这项设计方案已经通过了专家的认可。 Zhè xiàng shèjì fāng'àn...
注意 (zhùyì) — to pay attention
注意 (zhùyì) 注意 means to pay attention or be careful. It is widely used in instructions, warnings, and advice, both as a command and as a statement about directing one's focus. Meanings [verb] To pay attention to; to watch out for; to be careful about. [noun] Attention; notice. Example Sentences 注意安全！ Zhùyì ānquán! Be careful! / Watch out for safety! 请注意听老师说话。 Qǐng zhùyì tīng lǎoshī shuōhuà. Please pay attention and...
切除 (qiēchú) — to excise, to surgically remove
切除 (qiēchú) 切除 is the precise surgical term for excision — the deliberate removal of tissue, an organ, or a pathological lesion from the body by cutting. It is distinguished from simpler terms like 去除 (to remove) by its strict surgical connotation and is used across all surgical subspecialties. The term appears in operative reports, surgical consent forms, oncological treatment plans, and clinical research. Meanings verb to excise; to surgically...
证实 (zhèngshí) — to confirm; to verify
证实 (zhèngshí) 证实 means to confirm or verify that something is true, typically through concrete evidence or investigation, and is frequently used in journalism, science, and legal contexts. Meanings [verb] to confirm; to verify; to substantiate [verb] to prove to be true; to bear out Example Sentences 调查结果证实了他们的猜测。 Diàochá jiéguǒ zhèngshíle tāmen de cāicè. The investigation results confirmed their suspicions. 这一发现已被多项独立研究证实。 Zhè yī fāxiàn yǐ bèi duō xiàng dúlì yánjiū...
按照 (ànzhào) — according to
按照 (ànzhào) 按照 means in accordance with or following a specific rule, plan, order, or standard. It describes compliance or conformity with an established guideline. Meanings [preposition] According to; in accordance with; following; as per. Example Sentences 请按照老师的要求完成作业。 Qǐng ànzhào lǎoshī de yāoqiú wánchéng zuòyè. Please complete the homework according to the teacher's requirements. 按照规定，上课不能用手机。 Ànzhào guīdìng, shàngkè bù néng yòng shǒujī. According to the rules, phones cannot be used...
干预 (gānyù) — to intervene; to interfere
干预 (gānyù) To intervene or interfere means to become involved in a situation, especially one that belongs to someone else, in order to influence or change its outcome. Meanings [verb] to intervene; to interfere; to meddle; to get involved in (another's affairs or a situation) Example Sentences 该国拒绝外国势力干预其内政。 Gāi guó jùjué wàiguó shìlì gānyù qí nèizhèng. The country rejected foreign interference in its internal affairs. 政府决定干预市场，防止价格过度波动。 Zhèngfǔ juédìng gānyù shìchǎng,...
当然 (dāngrán) — of course; certainly
当然 (dāngrán) 当然 expresses that something is obvious, expected, or goes without saying. It functions like "of course," "naturally," or "certainly" in English and typically appears at the start of a sentence or before a verb. Meanings [adverb] Of course; naturally; certainly. Indicates that the statement is self-evident or expected. Example Sentences 你能来吗？— 当然能！ Nǐ néng lái ma? — Dāngrán néng! Can you come? — Of course I can! 当然，我很喜欢吃中国菜。...
杯 (bēi) — measure word for cups and glasses
杯 (bēi) A measure word used for cups, glasses, and the drinks contained in them. 杯 also functions as a noun meaning "cup" or "glass" itself. Meanings [measure word] Classifier for a cup or glass of a beverage. [noun] Cup, glass, mug. The vessel used for drinking. What 杯 counts 杯 is used with: 茶 (chá): tea — 一杯茶 (a cup of tea) 水 (shuǐ): water — 一杯水 (a glass...
经济 (jīngjì) — economy; economic
经济 (jīngjì) 经济 is the primary Chinese word for economy and economics. As an adjective it can also mean economical or cost-effective. It is one of the most frequent words in modern Chinese media and public discourse. Meanings [noun] economy; economics; economic activity [adjective] economical; affordable; cost-effective Example Sentences 全球经济在新冠疫情后经历了一段艰难的复苏期。 Quánqiú jīngjì zài xīnguān yìqíng hòu jīnglìle yī duàn jiānnán de fùsū qī. The global economy went through a difficult...
表扬 (biǎoyáng) — to praise
表扬 (biǎoyáng) 表扬 means to praise or commend someone for something positive they have done. Meanings [verb] to praise; to commend; to compliment [noun] praise; commendation Example Sentences 老师表扬了他的好表现。 Lǎoshī biǎoyáng le tā de hǎo biǎoxiàn. The teacher praised his good performance. 得到表扬会让孩子更有动力。 Dédào biǎoyáng huì ràng háizi gèng yǒu dònglì. Receiving praise will motivate children more. 他经常表扬努力工作的员工。 Tā jīngcháng biǎoyáng nǔlì gōngzuò de yuángōng. He often praises employees who...
诞生 (dànshēng) — to be born; birth
诞生 (dànshēng) 诞生 means to come into being or to be born, and is used for both the birth of notable people and, more commonly, the emergence or creation of significant things such as institutions, technologies, works of art, or ideas. Meanings [verb] to be born; to come into existence; to emerge [noun] birth; emergence; inception Example Sentences 这家公司诞生于车库，如今已成为行业巨头。 Zhè jiā gōngsī dànshēng yú chēkù, rújīn yǐ chéngle hángyè jùtóu....
在于 (zàiyú) — to lie in; to consist in; to depend on
在于 (zàiyú) 在于 expresses that the key factor or essence of something lies in a particular cause or condition, similar to "the point is" or "it all depends on." Meanings [verb] To lie in; to consist in; to depend on (indicates where the key factor is located). Example Sentences 成功的关键在于坚持不懈。 Chénggōng de guānjiàn zàiyú jiānchí bùxiè. The key to success lies in perseverance. 问题的根源在于缺乏沟通。 Wèntí de gēnyuán zàiyú quēfá gōutōng....
聪明 (cōngmíng) — smart
聪明 (cōngmíng) An adjective describing someone with sharp intelligence or quick understanding. It is often used as a compliment for children and adults alike. Meanings [adjective] Smart, clever, intelligent. [adjective] Quick-witted, sharp-minded. Example Sentences 这个孩子很聪明，学东西很快。 Zhège háizi hěn cōngmíng, xué dōngxi hěn kuài. This child is very smart and learns things quickly. 你真聪明，一下子就想到了答案。 Nǐ zhēn cōngmíng, yīxiàzi jiù xiǎngdào le dá'àn. You are really clever, you thought of the answer...
呼吁 (hūyù) — to appeal; to call for
呼吁 (hūyù) 呼吁 means to appeal urgently to people or authorities, calling for action on an important issue, often with a sense of moral urgency or concern. Meanings [verb] to appeal; to call for; to urge; to make an appeal [noun] an appeal; a call; an appeal to action Example Sentences 联合国呼吁各国停止武装冲突。 Liánhéguó hūyù gè guó tíngzhǐ wǔzhuāng chōngtū. The United Nations appealed to all countries to stop armed conflict....
主人 (zhǔrén) — host / owner / master
主人 (zhǔrén) Refers to the host of a gathering, the owner of a property, or a master in a relationship of authority. Meanings [noun] Host (of a party, household, or event). [noun] Owner, master (of a property or animal). Example Sentences 主人热情地欢迎了客人。 Zhǔrén rèqíng de huānyíng le kèrén. The host warmly welcomed the guests. 这只狗的主人是我的邻居。 Zhè zhī gǒu de zhǔrén shì wǒ de línjū. The owner of this dog is...
明白 (míngbai) — to understand / clear
明白 (míngbai) 明白 means to understand or to be clear about something. As a verb it means to grasp the meaning or truth of something. As an adjective it describes something clear and easy to understand. It is more colloquial than 理解 (to comprehend). Meanings [verb] To understand; to get it; to be clear about something. [adjective] Clear; obvious; easy to understand. Example Sentences 你明白我的意思吗？ Nǐ míngbai wǒ de yìsi...
桌子 (zhuōzi) — table
桌子 (zhuōzi) A noun meaning table or desk. The 子 (zi) suffix is a common neutral-tone suffix added to many household nouns. 桌子 can refer to a dining table, a desk, or any flat-surface table. Meanings [noun] Table, desk. Example Sentences 书放在桌子上。 Shū fàng zài zhuōzi shàng. The book is on the table. 这张桌子是木头做的。 Zhè zhāng zhuōzi shì mùtou zuò de. This table is made of wood. 请把桌子擦干净。 Qǐng bǎ...
比如 (bǐrú) — for example
比如 (bǐrú) 比如 is used to introduce an example or illustration of a general statement. Meanings [conjunction] for example; for instance; such as Example Sentences 很多水果对身体好，比如苹果和橙子。 Hěn duō shuǐguǒ duì shēntǐ hǎo, bǐrú píngguǒ hé chéngzi. Many fruits are good for your health, for example apples and oranges. 你可以用多种方式学习，比如看书或者看视频。 Nǐ kěyǐ yòng duō zhǒng fāngshì xuéxí, bǐrú kànshū huòzhě kàn shìpín. You can learn in many ways, for example by...
人口 (rénkǒu) — population
人口 (rénkǒu) Refers to the total number of people living in a country, city, or region. Meanings [noun] Population, the total number of inhabitants. [noun] Number of people (in a household or area). Example Sentences 中国的人口超过十四亿。 Zhōngguó de rénkǒu chāoguò shísì yì. China's population exceeds 1.4 billion. 这个城市的人口增长很快。 Zhège chéngshì de rénkǒu zēngzhǎng hěn kuài. The population of this city is growing very fast. 农村人口越来越少了。 Nóngcūn rénkǒu yuèláiyuè shǎo le....
态度 (tàidu) — attitude
态度 (tàidu) 态度 refers to attitude — the way someone approaches, behaves toward, or feels about a person, task, or situation. It includes both emotional stance and behavioral manner. Meanings [noun] Attitude; manner; approach; stance. Example Sentences 他学习的态度非常认真。 Tā xuéxí de tàidu fēicháng rènzhēn. His attitude toward studying is very serious. 服务员的态度很好，我很满意。 Fúwùyuán de tàidu hěn hǎo, wǒ hěn mǎnyì. The waiter's manner is very good; I am very satisfied....
以后 (yǐhòu) — after / in the future / from now on
以后 (yǐhòu) A time reference word meaning "after" a specific point in time, or "in the future / from now on" when used without a reference. Always refers to time later than the reference point. Meanings [noun/adverb] After (a specific time), following. [noun/adverb] In the future, from now on, later. Example Sentences 下课以后，我们去喝咖啡吧。 Xià kè yǐhòu, wǒmen qù hē kāfēi ba. After class, let's go drink coffee. 以后我想住在海边。 Yǐhòu wǒ...
除此之外 (chú cǐ zhī wài) — besides this; apart from this; in addition
除此之外 (chú cǐ zhī wài) 除此之外 is a formal conjunctive phrase meaning "besides this" or "in addition to this," used to introduce further points, items, or information after something has already been stated. Meanings [phrase] besides this; apart from this; in addition to the above; furthermore Example Sentences 他不仅精通英语，除此之外，还能流利地使用法语和西班牙语。 Tā bùjǐn jīngtōng yīngyǔ, chú cǐ zhī wài, hái néng liúlì de shǐyòng fǎyǔ hé xībānyáyǔ. He is not only proficient...
特点 (tèdiǎn) — characteristic; feature
特点 (tèdiǎn) 特点 refers to the distinctive qualities or features that set something or someone apart from others. Meanings [noun] characteristic; feature; distinctive quality; trait Example Sentences 这种水果的特点是又甜又多汁。 Zhè zhǒng shuǐguǒ de tèdiǎn shì yòu tián yòu duō zhī. The characteristic of this fruit is that it is both sweet and juicy. 每个地方都有自己的文化特点。 Měi gè dìfāng dōu yǒu zìjǐ de wénhuà tèdiǎn. Every place has its own cultural characteristics. 你能介绍一下这个产品的特点吗？...
上传 (shàngchuán) — to upload
上传 (shàngchuán) 上传 means to upload, describing the action of sending files, photos, or data from a local device to the internet or a remote server. It is the opposite of 下载 (to download). Meanings [verb] to upload; to send data from a local device to a server or the internet Example Sentences 她把照片上传到社交媒体上了。 Tā bǎ zhàopiàn shàngchuán dào shèjiāo méitǐ shàng le. She uploaded the photos to social media....
乃至 (nǎizhì) — even; even up to; and even
乃至 (nǎizhì) 乃至 is a formal conjunction used to extend a range or escalate a statement, meaning "and even" or "ranging up to," often introducing an extreme or unexpected endpoint of a scale. Meanings [conjunction] even; and even; up to and including (extends a range to an extreme or surprising endpoint) [conjunction] ranging from ... to ... (marks the upper or outer limit of a range) Example Sentences 这一政策影响了整个地区乃至全国的经济发展。 Zhè...
条件 (tiáojiàn) — condition; requirement; terms
条件 (tiáojiàn) 条件 refers to the requirements, prerequisites, or terms that must be met for something to happen or be accepted. Meanings [noun] Condition; requirement; terms (a prerequisite or stated stipulation). Example Sentences 申请这份工作需要满足一定的条件。 Shēnqǐng zhè fèn gōngzuò xūyào mǎnzú yīdìng de tiáojiàn. Applying for this job requires meeting certain conditions. 在这样的条件下工作真的很辛苦。 Zài zhèyàng de tiáojiàn xià gōngzuò zhēn de hěn xīnkǔ. Working under such conditions is really hard. 他们提出了三个合作条件。...
影响 (yǐngxiǎng) — to influence; influence; impact
影响 (yǐngxiǎng) 影响 describes the effect that one thing has on another, whether positive, negative, or neutral, and functions as both a verb and a noun. Meanings [verb] To influence, to affect, to have an impact on. [noun] Influence, impact, effect. Example Sentences 气候变化正在深刻影响全球的农业生产格局和粮食安全。 Qìhòu biànhuà zhèngzài shēnkè yǐngxiǎng quánqiú de nóngyè shēngchǎn géjú hé liángshí ānquán. Climate change is profoundly affecting global agricultural production patterns and food security. 她从小受到父母的影响，对文学和艺术产生了浓厚的兴趣。...
开始 (kāishǐ) — to begin / start
开始 (kāishǐ) A word meaning "to start" or "to begin" as a verb, and "the beginning" or "the start" as a noun. It is one of the most common time-related words in Mandarin. Its antonym is 结束 (jiéshù), meaning "to end." Meanings [verb] To start, to begin (an action or event). [noun] The beginning, the start (of something). Example Sentences 电影几点开始？ Diànyǐng jǐ diǎn kāishǐ? What time does the movie...
廉洁 (liánjié) — honest and clean; incorrupt
廉洁 (liánjié) Incorrupt or honest and clean describes a person, especially an official, who is free from corruption and bribery, acting with complete integrity in their position. Meanings [adjective] incorrupt; honest and upright; clean-handed; free from corruption Example Sentences 廉洁奉公是对每一位政府官员的基本要求。 Liánjié fènggōng shì duì měi yī wèi zhèngfǔ guānyuán de jīběn yāoqiú. Being incorrupt and devoted to public service is a basic requirement for every government official. 他以廉洁著称，在位多年从未接受过贿赂。 Tā yǐ...
数字 (shùzì) — number; digit
数字 (shùzì) 数字 refers to a written numeral or digit, and can also refer to any numerical figure or statistic. Meanings [noun] number; numeral; digit; figure Example Sentences 这个数字太大了，我数不清。 Zhège shùzì tài dà le, wǒ shǔ bù qīng. This number is too large; I cannot count it. 请在这里填写你的手机号码数字。 Qǐng zài zhèlǐ tiánxiě nǐ de shǒujī hàomǎ shùzì. Please write your mobile phone number digits here. 那个公司的销售数字每年都在增长。 Nàgè gōngsī de xiāoshòu...
正常 (zhèngcháng) — normal; regular; usual
正常 (zhèngcháng) 正常 describes a state, condition, or behavior that falls within the expected, standard, or healthy range. Meanings [adjective] Normal; regular; usual; within the standard range. Example Sentences 他的体温很正常。 Tā de tǐwēn hěn zhèngcháng. His body temperature is quite normal. 今天一切都很正常。 Jīntiān yīqiè dōu hěn zhèngcháng. Everything is completely normal today. 这种担心是正常的。 Zhè zhǒng dānyōu shì zhèngcháng de. This kind of worry is normal. 火车运行正常，没有延误。 Huǒchē yùnxíng zhèngcháng, méiyǒu...
感动 (gǎndòng) — moved / touched
感动 (gǎndòng) 感动 describes being emotionally moved or touched — a feeling of being stirred deeply by something kind, beautiful, or heroic. It is a positive emotional response. Meanings [verb] To move emotionally; to touch deeply; to be moved by. [adjective] Moved; touched (emotionally). Example Sentences 他的故事让我非常感动。 Tā de gùshi ràng wǒ fēicháng gǎndòng. His story moved me deeply. 看到这一幕，她感动地哭了。 Kàndào zhè yī mù, tā gǎndòng de kū le. Seeing...
如果 (rúguǒ) — if; supposing that
如果 (rúguǒ) 如果 means "if" or "supposing that." It introduces a hypothetical or conditional situation, and the result clause often contains 就 (jiù, then). Meanings [conjunction] If; supposing; in the event that (introduces a condition). Example Sentences 如果明天下雨，我就不去了。 Rúguǒ míngtiān xià yǔ, wǒ jiù bù qù le. If it rains tomorrow, I will not go. 如果你饿了，就告诉我。 Rúguǒ nǐ è le, jiù gàosu wǒ. If you are hungry, just let me...
作用 (zuòyòng) — function; role; effect
作用 (zuòyòng) 作用 refers to the function or role that something plays, or the effect and impact it has on something else. Meanings [noun] function; role; the purpose something serves [noun] effect; impact; the result produced by an action or substance Example Sentences 这种药对发烧有很好的作用。 Zhè zhǒng yào duì fāshāo yǒu hěn hǎo de zuòyòng. This medicine has a very good effect on fever. 老师在学生的成长中起了很大的作用。 Lǎoshī zài xuésheng de chéngzhǎng zhōng...
预防 (yùfáng) — to prevent; prevention
预防 (yùfáng) 预防 means to take preventive measures against something harmful before it occurs, and is widely used in medicine, public health, safety, and policy contexts at B2 level. Meanings [verb] to prevent; to take precautions against; to guard against [noun] prevention; precaution Example Sentences 定期体检有助于预防疾病的发生，做到早发现早治疗。 Dìngqī tǐjiǎn yǒuzhù yú yùfáng jíbìng de fāshēng, zuòdào zǎo fāxiàn zǎo zhìliáo. Regular physical examinations help prevent the occurrence of disease, enabling early...
困境 (kùnjìng) — predicament; difficult situation
困境 (kùnjìng) 困境 refers to a difficult situation, predicament, or plight -- a set of circumstances that are hard to escape or resolve, often involving multiple constraints. Meanings [noun] predicament; difficult situation; dilemma; plight; impasse Example Sentences 公司陷入了财务困境，面临破产的威胁。 Gōngsī xiànrù le cáiwù kùnjìng, miànlín pòchǎn de wēixié. The company fell into financial difficulty and faced the threat of bankruptcy. 他帮助朋友走出了人生的困境。 Tā bāngzhù péngyou zǒuchū le rénshēng de kùnjìng. He helped...
黑 (hēi) — black, dark
黑 (hēi) 黑 means black or dark. It describes the color black as well as darkness caused by absence of light. As an adjective it comes directly before a noun or after 很. Meanings [adjective] Black (the color). [adjective] Dark (lacking light). Example Sentences 他有一件黑衣服。 Tā yǒu yī jiàn hēi yīfu. He has a black shirt. 外面很黑，要小心。 Wàimiàn hěn hēi, yào xiǎoxīn. It is very dark outside, be careful. 那只猫是黑色的。...
实现 (shíxiàn) — to realize; to achieve
实现 (shíxiàn) 实现 means to realize or achieve something, particularly a goal, dream, or plan, by turning it into reality through action. Meanings [verb] to realize; to achieve; to make real; to fulfill Example Sentences 他终于实现了自己的梦想。 Tā zhōngyú shíxiànle zìjǐ de mèngxiǎng. He finally realized his dream. 通过努力，我们可以实现目标。 Tōngguò nǔlì, wǒmen kěyǐ shíxiàn mùbiāo. Through hard work, we can achieve our goals. 这个计划很难在短期内实现。 Zhège jìhuà hěn nán zài duǎnqī nèi...
建立 (jiànlì) — to establish; to set up
建立 (jiànlì) 建立 means to establish, found, or set up an institution, system, relationship, or other entity that marks the beginning of its existence. Meanings [verb] to establish; to found; to set up [verb] to build (a relationship, model, or system) Example Sentences 两国于1972年正式建立了外交关系。 Liǎng guó yú 1972 nián zhèngshì jiànlìle wàijiāo guānxi. The two countries formally established diplomatic relations in 1972. 学校建立了一套完善的奖惩机制。 Xuéxiào jiànlìle yī tào wánshàn de jiǎngchéng...
跨越 (kuàyuè) — to span; to transcend; to leap across
跨越 (kuàyuè) 跨越 describes crossing over a significant boundary, gap, or obstacle, either literally or figuratively, and carries a sense of impressive achievement or advancement. Meanings [verb] to span; to bridge (a gap, period, or distance) [verb] to transcend; to leap beyond; to overcome (a barrier or limit) Example Sentences 这座大桥跨越了整条河流，连接两岸城市。 Zhè zuò dàqiáo kuàyuèle zhěng tiáo héliú, liánjiē liǎng àn chéngshì. This bridge spans the entire river, connecting cities...
评论 (pínglùn) — to comment on; commentary; review
评论 (pínglùn) 评论 means to give an opinion or analysis about something, and as a noun refers to a comment, review, or piece of commentary. Meanings [verb] To comment on, to review, to discuss, to analyze. [noun] A comment, commentary, review, critique. Example Sentences 她在博客上发表了一篇评论这部小说叙事结构的深度文章。 Tā zài bókè shàng fābiǎo le yī piān pínglùn zhè bù xiǎoshuō xùshì jiégòu de shēndù wénzhāng. She published an in-depth article on her blog...
反映 (fǎnyìng) — to reflect; to report
反映 (fǎnyìng) 反映 has two distinct uses: to reflect or mirror a situation (as in a text or artwork reflecting social reality), and to report or convey information or complaints to a higher authority. Meanings [verb] to reflect; to mirror; to represent (a situation or reality) [verb] to report; to convey (feedback, complaints, or information to someone in authority) Example Sentences 这部小说深刻地反映了二十世纪初的社会现实。 Zhè bù xiǎoshuō shēnkè de fǎnyìngle èrshí shìjì...
投资 (tóuzī) — to invest; investment
投资 (tóuzī) 投资 means to invest money, time, or other resources into something with the expectation of a future return or benefit. It is used in financial, business, and broader metaphorical contexts (such as investing in education or health). Meanings [verb] To invest; to put capital into. [noun] Investment; capital invested. Example Sentences 他决定将大部分储蓄投资于股票市场，以获取更高的回报。 Tā juédìng jiāng dà bùfen chǔxù tóuzī yú gǔpiào shìchǎng, yǐ huòqǔ gèng gāo de huíbào....
七 (qī) — seven
七 (qī) The number seven; 七 is a fairly neutral number in Chinese culture, associated with relationships and the Qixi Festival (七夕节, the Chinese Valentine's Day on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month). Meanings [number] Seven, the digit 7. Example Sentences 我每天早上七点起床。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang qī diǎn qǐchuáng. I get up at seven every morning. 这个星期有七天。 Zhège xīngqī yǒu qī tiān. There are seven days in a week....
因为 (yīnwèi) — because
因为 (yīnwèi) 因为 means "because." It introduces the reason or cause for a situation, and is frequently paired with 所以 (suǒyǐ, therefore) to form a cause-and-effect structure. Meanings [conjunction] Because; since; due to the fact that (introduces the reason clause). Example Sentences 我迟到了，因为路上堵车。 Wǒ chídào le, yīnwèi lùshàng dǔchē. I was late because there was traffic on the road. 因为今天下雨，所以我没有出门。 Yīnwèi jīntiān xià yǔ, suǒyǐ wǒ méiyǒu chūmén. Because it...
几乎 (jīhū) — almost
几乎 (jīhū) 几乎 means almost or nearly — very close to a state or quantity but just short of it. It can describe closeness to either a positive or negative condition. Meanings [adverb] Almost; nearly; hardly; virtually. Example Sentences 他几乎每天都来这里。 Tā jīhū měitiān dōu lái zhèlǐ. He comes here almost every day. 我几乎忘了这件事。 Wǒ jīhū wàng le zhè jiàn shì. I almost forgot about this matter. 班里几乎所有人都去了。 Bān lǐ jīhū...
喝 (hē) — to drink
喝 (hē) 喝 is the verb for drinking any kind of liquid. It is the counterpart to 吃 (chī, to eat) in everyday conversation about food and beverages. Meanings [verb] To drink. Example Sentences 你喝茶还是喝咖啡？ Nǐ hē chá háishì hē kāfēi? Do you drink tea or coffee? 我每天早上喝一杯水。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang hē yī bēi shuǐ. I drink a glass of water every morning. 天气很热，多喝水。 Tiānqì hěn rè, duō hē shuǐ....
对于 (duìyú) — regarding / as for
对于 (duìyú) 对于 is a formal preposition meaning regarding, as for, or with respect to. It introduces a topic that the rest of the sentence comments on. It is more formal than 对 and is common in written Chinese and speeches. The topic introduced by 对于 is the frame for the whole statement. Meanings [preposition] Regarding; as for; with respect to; concerning. Example Sentences 对于这个问题，我有不同的看法。 Duìyú zhège wèntí, wǒ yǒu...
引导 (yǐndǎo) — to guide; to lead
引导 (yǐndǎo) 引导 means to guide, lead, or direct someone toward a goal or in the right direction, often used in educational, social, or leadership contexts. Meanings [verb] to guide; to lead; to direct Example Sentences 老师引导学生思考问题。 Lǎoshī yǐndǎo xuéshēng sīkǎo wèntí. The teacher guided students to think about the problem. 父母应该引导孩子养成好习惯。 Fùmǔ yīnggāi yǐndǎo háizi yǎngchéng hǎo xíguàn. Parents should guide children to develop good habits. 他引导我们找到了出口。 Tā yǐndǎo...
名字 (míngzi) — name
名字 (míngzi) A noun meaning name. It refers to a person's full name or given name. The most important phrase built around this word is 你叫什么名字 (what is your name), one of the first questions in any Chinese conversation. Meanings [noun] Name (personal name, full name, or nickname). Example Sentences 你叫什么名字？ Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? What is your name? 我的名字叫李明。 Wǒ de míngzi jiào Lǐ Míng. My name is Li...
自然 (zìrán) — nature; natural; of course
自然 (zìrán) 自然 can refer to the natural world, describe something as unforced and natural in manner, or act as an adverb meaning "of course." Meanings [noun] nature; the natural world [adj] natural; unaffected; spontaneous [adv] naturally; of course; as a matter of course Example Sentences 我们要保护大自然。 Wǒmen yào bǎohù dà zìrán. We must protect nature. 她说话的方式很自然，让人感觉很舒服。 Tā shuōhuà de fāngshì hěn zìrán, ràng rén gǎnjué hěn shūfu. The way...
特别 (tèbié) — Special, especially, particularly
特别 (tèbié) 特别 means special, extraordinary, or out of the ordinary as an adjective, and "especially" or "particularly" as an adverb emphasizing degree. Meanings [adj] special; extraordinary; unusual; out of the ordinary [adv] especially; particularly; in particular; very Example Sentences 今天是个特别的日子，我永远不会忘记。 Jīntiān shì gè tèbié de rìzi, wǒ yǒngyuǎn bù huì wàngjì. Today is a special day that I will never forget. 我特别喜欢在秋天去山里爬山。 Wǒ tèbié xǐhuān zài qiūtiān qù shānlǐ...
数据库 (shùjùkù) — database
数据库 (shùjùkù) 数据库 means database, referring to an organized collection of data stored and accessed electronically. It is used in technology, business, and research contexts, and is one of the key terms in modern computing vocabulary. Meanings [noun] database; a structured set of data stored in a computer system Example Sentences 这家公司有一个很大的客户数据库。 Zhè jiā gōngsī yǒu yī gè hěn dà de kèhù shùjùkù. This company has a very large customer...
六 (liù) — six
六 (liù) The number six; 六 is considered lucky in Chinese culture because liù sounds like 溜 (liū, smooth/flowing), suggesting things will go smoothly. It is a popular number for business names and phone numbers. Meanings [number] Six, the digit 6. Example Sentences 我们班有六十个学生。 Wǒmen bān yǒu liùshí gè xuésheng. Our class has sixty students. 六月天气很热。 Liù yuè tiānqì hěn rè. The weather in June is very hot. 这道题我做了六遍。 Zhè...
含义 (hányì) — meaning, connotation
含义 (hányì) 含义 refers to the meaning or significance that is contained within or implied by a word, phrase, action, or symbol — often with a sense of depth or layers not immediately obvious. It is slightly more abstract and literary than 意思 and tends to appear in critical analysis, literary commentary, and philosophical writing. Meanings [n] meaning, sense, significance (especially implicit or layered) [n] connotation, implication (what something suggests...
影响 (yǐngxiǎng) — to influence; influence; impact
影响 (yǐngxiǎng) Influence or impact refers to the effect that one person, thing, or event has on another, shaping its development, behavior, or outcome. Meanings [verb] to influence; to affect; to have an impact on [noun] influence; impact; effect Example Sentences 气候变化正在深刻影响全球的生态系统。 Qìhòu biànhuà zhèngzài shēnkè yǐngxiǎng quánqiú de shēngtài xìtǒng. Climate change is profoundly affecting global ecosystems. 父母的言行举止对孩子有着深远的影响。 Fùmǔ de yán xíng jǔzhǐ duì háizi yǒuzhe shēnyuǎn de yǐngxiǎng....
系统 (xìtǒng) — systematic; system
系统 (xìtǒng) 系统 as an adjective means systematic — thorough, comprehensive, and organized according to a coherent structure. As a noun, it means a system — a set of interconnected parts functioning as a whole. At C1 level, the focus is on its adjectival use in academic and analytical contexts, as well as its role in compound nouns like 教育系统 (education system) and 系统分析 (systems analysis). Meanings [adj] systematic; comprehensive...
乐观 (lèguān) — Optimistic
乐观 (lèguān) 乐观 describes a positive, hopeful attitude toward life or a situation — the Chinese equivalent of "optimistic." Meanings [adjective] optimistic, hopeful, positive (in outlook) Example Sentences 他总是很乐观，即使遇到困难也不放弃。 Tā zǒngshì hěn lèguān, jíshǐ yùdào kùnnan yě bù fàngqì. He is always very optimistic; even when he faces difficulties, he does not give up. 我们应该对未来保持乐观的态度。 Wǒmen yīnggāi duì wèilái bǎochí lèguān de tàidu. We should maintain an optimistic attitude toward...
体验 (tǐyàn) — to experience; experience
体验 (tǐyàn) 体验 means to experience something personally and directly, or the personal knowledge and understanding gained through such direct experience, often emphasizing the subjective, firsthand nature of the encounter. Meanings [verb] to experience firsthand; to feel personally; to go through something directly [noun] (personal) experience; user experience; sense of experience Example Sentences 他利用暑假去农村体验了一个月的农耕生活，深刻感受到了农民的艰辛。 Tā lìyòng shǔjià qù nóngcūn tǐyànle yī gè yuè de nónggēng shēnghuó, shēnkè gǎnshòudào le nóngmín...
关 (guān) — to close / to turn off
关 (guān) A verb meaning "to close," "to shut," or "to turn off." It is the action that stops or seals something that was previously open or active. Its antonym is 开 (kāi), meaning "to open" or "to turn on." Meanings [verb] To close, to shut (a door, window). [verb] To turn off (a light, TV, computer). Example Sentences 请关门，外面很冷。 Qǐng guān mén, wàimiàn hěn lěng. Please close the door,...
到处 (dàochù) — everywhere
到处 (dàochù) 到处 means everywhere or all over — no place is excluded. It emphasizes the exhaustive range of a search or the wide distribution of something. Meanings [adverb] Everywhere; all over; in every place. Example Sentences 我到处找，都找不到钥匙。 Wǒ dàochù zhǎo, dōu zhǎo bu dào yàoshi. I looked everywhere but couldn't find the key. 节日期间，到处都是人。 Jiérì qījiān, dàochù dōu shì rén. During the holiday, there are people everywhere. 他去过很多国家，到处旅行。 Tā...
宣传 (xuānchuán) — Publicize
宣传 (xuānchuán) 宣传 means to spread information widely to promote ideas, products, or policies, ranging from publicity and marketing to propaganda. Meanings [verb] to publicize; to promote; to spread (information or ideas) [noun] publicity; promotion; propaganda Example Sentences 公司花了大量资金宣传新产品。 Gōngsī huāle dàliàng zījīn xuānchuán xīn chǎnpǐn. The company spent a lot of money publicizing new products. 政府通过媒体宣传环保意识。 Zhèngfǔ tōngguò méitǐ xuānchuán huánbǎo yìshí. The government promoted environmental awareness through the...
举办 (jǔbàn) — to hold; to host (an event)
举办 (jǔbàn) 举办 means to hold or host an organized event such as a conference, exhibition, competition, or ceremony. It implies that the subject is the organizer and host of a formal activity. It is more formal than 开 and more specific than 组织 in that it always refers to events. Meanings [verb] To hold; to host; to organize and run (an event or activity). Example Sentences 这座城市将于明年举办国际马拉松赛事。 Zhè zuò...
法律 (fǎlǜ) — Law, legal
法律 (fǎlǜ) 法律 refers to the system of rules and regulations that a society or state creates and enforces to govern behavior and protect rights. Meanings [noun] law; the law; legal system Example Sentences 任何人都必须遵守法律，没有人可以凌驾于法律之上。 Rènhé rén dōu bìxū zūnshǒu fǎlǜ, méi yǒu rén kěyǐ língjià yú fǎlǜ zhī shàng. Everyone must obey the law; no one can be above the law. 这家公司的行为已经触犯了相关法律。 Zhè jiā gōngsī de xíngwéi yǐjīng chùfànle...
差不多 (chàbuduō) — almost; about the same
差不多 (chàbuduō) 差不多 is used to say that two things are about the same, or that something is nearly complete or approximately true. Meanings [adjective] about the same; similar; nearly equal [adverb] almost; nearly; approximately Example Sentences 这两件衣服的价格差不多。 Zhè liǎng jiàn yīfu de jiàgé chàbuduō. The prices of these two pieces of clothing are about the same. 他差不多每天都来这里运动。 Tā chàbuduō měitiān dōu lái zhèlǐ yùndòng. He comes here to exercise...
反正 (fǎnzhèng) — anyway / regardless
反正 (fǎnzhèng) 反正 means anyway, regardless, or in any case. It acknowledges a prior situation but then asserts that the outcome or attitude remains the same no matter what. It often signals a speaker's firm stance or resignation. Meanings [adverb] Anyway; regardless; in any case; no matter what. Example Sentences 反正我不去，你别劝我了。 Fǎnzhèng wǒ bù qù, nǐ bié quàn wǒ le. Anyway, I'm not going. Stop trying to persuade me. 不管怎么说，反正你要来。...
打印 (dǎyìn) — to print
打印 (dǎyìn) 打印 means to print, referring to printing documents or images on a printer. 打 is a versatile verb used in many compounds and here means to strike or operate. 印 means to print or stamp. Together they describe the action of a printer pressing ink onto paper. Meanings [verb] To print (using a printer); to make a printed copy. Example Sentences 请帮我打印这份文件。 Qǐng bāng wǒ dǎyìn zhè fèn...
规律 (guīlǜ) — law, rule, regularity
规律 (guīlǜ) 规律 refers to a regular pattern, law, or principle that governs natural phenomena or social processes. Unlike 规则 (a specific rule one follows), 规律 is an objective pattern that exists whether or not it is articulated. It is frequently used in scientific, philosophical, and academic writing to describe invariant principles. Meanings [n] law, regularity (an objective pattern in nature or society) [n] rule, principle (a systematic pattern of...
经济 (jīngjì) — economy; economics
经济 (jīngjì) 经济 refers to the economy of a country or region, the field of economics, or colloquially something that is economical or cost-effective. Meanings [noun] Economy; economics; financial situation. [adjective] Economical; cost-effective; thrifty. Example Sentences 中国的经济近年来发展迅速。 Zhōngguó de jīngjì jìnnián lái fāzhǎn xùnsù. China's economy has developed rapidly in recent years. 全球经济正面临很多不确定因素。 Quánqiú jīngjì zhèng miànlín hěn duō bù quèdìng yīnsù. The global economy is currently facing many uncertainties....
以为 (yǐwéi) — to think (incorrectly)
以为 (yǐwéi) 以为 is used when someone believes something that turns out to be wrong or different from reality. It implies a mistaken assumption, unlike 认为 (rènwéi) which is a neutral opinion. Meanings [verb] to think (incorrectly); to mistakenly believe; to assume (wrongly) Example Sentences 我以为你不来了，没想到你来了。 Wǒ yǐwéi nǐ bù lái le, méi xiǎngdào nǐ lái le. I thought you were not coming; I did not expect you to show...
讨论 (tǎolùn) — to discuss
讨论 (tǎolùn) 讨论 means to discuss or talk something over with one or more people, usually to reach an understanding, make a decision, or explore different views. Meanings [verb] To discuss; to talk over; to debate. [noun] A discussion; a debate. Example Sentences 我们来讨论一下这个问题。 Wǒmen lái tǎolùn yīxià zhège wèntí. Let's discuss this problem. 经过讨论，大家达成了一致意见。 Jīngguò tǎolùn, dàjiā dáchéng le yīzhì yìjiàn. After the discussion, everyone reached a consensus. 老师请同学们分组讨论。...
严峻 (yánjùn) — severe; grim; stern
严峻 (yánjùn) 严峻 describes situations, conditions, or expressions that are severe, grim, or daunting, often used when discussing challenging circumstances that require serious attention. Meanings [adjective] severe; grim; daunting (describing a difficult situation or challenge) [adjective] stern; grave (describing a serious expression or demeanor) Example Sentences 当前全球经济面临严峻挑战，各国政府纷纷采取应对措施。 Dāngqián quánqiú jīngjì miànlín yánjùn tiǎozhàn, gè guó zhèngfǔ fēnfēn cǎiqǔ yìngduì cuòshī. The global economy currently faces severe challenges, and governments around...
成功 (chénggōng) — success / to succeed
成功 (chénggōng) 成功 means success or to succeed. As a verb it describes the successful completion of a goal or action. As a noun it refers to the state or result of succeeding. It is one of the most motivating and frequently used words in Chinese culture. Meanings [verb] To succeed; to be successful. [noun] Success; achievement. Example Sentences 他终于成功了！ Tā zhōngyú chénggōng le! He finally succeeded! 成功需要努力和坚持。 Chénggōng xūyào...
遗憾 (yíhàn) — regret; to regret; regrettable
遗憾 (yíhàn) 遗憾 expresses regret, disappointment, or sorrow over something that did not happen, was lost, or went wrong, and is used across personal, official, and literary contexts at B2 level. Meanings [noun] regret; a sense of loss or disappointment [verb] to regret; to feel sorry about [adjective] regrettable; unfortunate Example Sentences 他感到非常遗憾，因为错过了这次难得的机会。 Tā gǎndào fēicháng yíhàn, yīnwèi cuòguòle zhè cì nándé de jīhuì. He felt very regretful because he...
干净 (gānjìng) — clean; neat
干净 (gānjìng) 干净 describes something that is free from dirt, stains, or clutter, and can apply to both physical objects and abstract things like speech or actions. Meanings [adj] clean; free from dirt or impurities [adj] neat; tidy; uncluttered Example Sentences 这个房间非常干净。 Zhège fángjiān fēicháng gānjìng. This room is very clean. 她每天都把桌子擦干净。 Tā měitiān dōu bǎ zhuōzi cā gānjìng. She wipes the table clean every day. 请把手洗干净再吃饭。 Qǐng bǎ shǒu...
结婚 (jiéhūn) — to marry; to get married
结婚 (jiéhūn) 结婚 means to get married and describes the act of two people formally becoming a married couple. Meanings [verb] to marry; to get married — to formally enter into the institution of marriage Example Sentences 他们去年结婚了。 Tāmen qùnián jiéhūn le. They got married last year. 你打算什么时候结婚？ Nǐ dǎsuàn shénme shíhou jiéhūn? When do you plan to get married? 结婚是人生中的大事。 Jiéhūn shì rénshēng zhōng de dàshì. Getting married is...
海鲜 (hǎixiān) — seafood
海鲜 (hǎixiān) 海鲜 means seafood. It refers to all edible creatures from the sea, including fish, shrimp, crab, oysters, and squid. 海 means sea or ocean, and 鲜 means fresh or tasty. Together they evoke freshly caught, delicious food from the sea. Meanings [noun] Seafood; edible creatures from the sea or ocean. Example Sentences 这家餐厅的海鲜很新鲜。 Zhè jiā cāntīng de hǎixiān hěn xīnxiān. The seafood at this restaurant is very fresh....
散文 (sǎnwén) — prose
散文 (sǎnwén) 散文 in Chinese refers specifically to literary or artistic prose, particularly the lyrical personal essay tradition. It is distinct from fiction (小说, xiǎoshuō), poetry (诗歌, shīgē), and drama (戏剧, xìjù). Chinese 散文 often blends personal reflection, natural description, and philosophical insight. The term should not be confused with general "prose" in the English sense; it has a more literary, artistic connotation. Meanings [n] (literary) prose; a prose essay;...
信封 (xìnfēng) — envelope
信封 (xìnfēng) A paper container used for mailing letters, folded and sealed to enclose written correspondence. Meanings [noun] Envelope, a paper casing for sending letters. Example Sentences 请把信放进信封里，再寄出去。 Qǐng bǎ xìn fàng jìn xìnfēng lǐ, zài jì chūqù. Please put the letter into the envelope, then mail it. 桌上有几个空的信封。 Zhuō shàng yǒu jǐ gè kōng de xìnfēng. There are a few empty envelopes on the table. 他在信封上写了收件人的地址。 Tā zài xìnfēng...
帮助 (bāngzhù) — to help; help
帮助 (bāngzhù) 帮助 means to help or assist someone, and can also function as a noun meaning help or assistance. Meanings [verb] to help; to assist [noun] help; assistance Example Sentences 谢谢你帮助我。 Xièxiè nǐ bāngzhù wǒ. Thank you for helping me. 他的帮助对我很重要。 Tā de bāngzhù duì wǒ hěn zhòngyào. His help is very important to me. 我需要你的帮助。 Wǒ xūyào nǐ de bāngzhù. I need your help. 她帮助了很多人找到工作。 Tā bāngzhùle hěn...
身份认同 (shēnfèn rèntóng) — identity
身份认同 (shēnfèn rèntóng) 身份认同 refers to how a person understands and defines themselves in relation to others, their culture, nationality, or social roles. It is a key concept in psychology, sociology, and cultural studies. A stable 身份认同 is considered important for mental well-being and social belonging. Meanings noun identity, sense of self, identification with a social group or role Example Sentences 青少年时期是身份认同形成的关键阶段。 Qīngshàonián shíqī shì shēnfèn rèntóng xíngchéng de guānjiàn...
总体 (zǒngtǐ) — overall; in general; on the whole
总体 (zǒngtǐ) 总体 means overall or in general, used to describe something from a comprehensive, whole-picture perspective rather than focusing on individual parts. Meanings [adjective] overall; general; comprehensive [adverb] on the whole; in general; overall Example Sentences 总体来说，这次活动非常成功。 Zǒngtǐ lái shuō, zhè cì huódòng fēicháng chénggōng. Overall, this event was very successful. 公司总体表现不错，但还有改进的空间。 Gōngsī zǒngtǐ biǎoxiàn bùcuò, dàn hái yǒu gǎijìn de kōngjiān. The company's overall performance is good, but...
没必要 (méi bìyào) — no need / unnecessary
没必要 (méi bìyào) 没必要 expresses that something is unnecessary or that there is no need to do a particular thing. Meanings [phrase] there is no need; it is unnecessary; no need to Example Sentences 没必要那么担心。 Méi bìyào nàme dānxīn. There is no need to worry so much. 这件事没必要告诉所有人。 Zhè jiàn shì méi bìyào gàosù suǒyǒu rén. There is no need to tell everyone about this matter. 你没必要亲自来，发邮件就可以了。 Nǐ méi bìyào...
收 (shōu) — to receive / collect
收 (shōu) 收 means to receive, collect, or put away. It covers receiving mail or payment, collecting items, and tidying things up. It is the basic verb for bringing things in toward yourself or your possession. Note that 收到 (shōu dào) specifically means to have received something as a completed result, while bare 收 describes the ongoing action. The compound 收拾 (shōushi) means to tidy up or pack, which is...
时候 (shíhou) — time, moment, when
时候 (shíhou) 时候 means "time" or "moment" and is most often used in the pattern "...的时候" meaning "when..." or "at the time of..." It does not refer to clock time (that is 时间 shíjiān or 点 diǎn). Meanings [noun] A point or period in time, a moment. [noun] Used in 的时候 to mean "when" (at the time that). Example Sentences 你什么时候来？ Nǐ shénme shíhou lái? When are you coming? 我吃饭的时候不喜欢说话。...
挑战 (tiǎozhàn) — to challenge; challenge
挑战 (tiǎozhàn) 挑战 means a challenge, used both as a noun (a difficult test or task) and as a verb (to challenge someone or something), requiring effort and courage to overcome. Meanings [noun] a challenge; a difficult test; a daunting task [verb] to challenge; to confront; to defy Example Sentences 学习一门新语言是一个很大的挑战。 Xuéxí yī mén xīn yǔyán shì yīgè hěn dà de tiǎozhàn. Learning a new language is a great challenge....
照 (zhào) — to take a photo / to shine
照 (zhào) 照 is a versatile verb with several core meanings centered on light and reflection. It means to take a photograph, to shine light on something, to reflect, and in compounds to look after. 照片 (photograph) comes from this character. Meanings [verb] To take a photo; to photograph. [verb] To shine on; to illuminate. [verb] To reflect (in a mirror). [verb] To follow or accord with (in compounds like...
克服 (kèfú) — to overcome; to surmount
克服 (kèfú) 克服 means to overcome or conquer a difficulty, fear, or obstacle through effort and determination. Meanings [verb] to overcome, conquer, or surmount a challenge, difficulty, or obstacle Example Sentences 他克服了对公开演讲的恐惧。 Tā kèfú le duì gōngkāi yǎnjiǎng de kǒngjù. He overcame his fear of public speaking. 成功需要克服许多困难和挑战。 Chénggōng xūyào kèfú xǔduō kùnnán hé tiǎozhàn. Success requires overcoming many difficulties and challenges. 她凭着坚强的意志克服了重病。 Tā píng zhe jiānqiáng de yìzhì kèfú...
动词+得+adj — verb + degree complement
动词+得+adj (Verb + Degree Complement) The degree complement uses 得 (de) after a verb to introduce an adjective or descriptive phrase that evaluates the manner or degree of the action. It answers the question "how well?" or "to what extent?" Structure Verb + 得 + Adjective/Descriptive Phrase If the verb takes an object, the verb must be repeated: Verb + Object + Verb + 得 + Adjective . Example Sentences...
基本 (jīběn) — basic; fundamental
基本 (jīběn) 基本 means basic or fundamental as an adjective, and "basically" or "essentially" as an adverb -- indicating the core, foundational nature of something or an approximation close to the whole. Meanings [adjective] basic; fundamental; essential; primary [adverb] basically; essentially; for the most part Example Sentences 食物、住所和安全是人类的基本需求。 Shíwù, zhùsuǒ hé ānquán shì rénlèi de jīběn xūqiú. Food, shelter, and security are the basic needs of human beings. 这本书介绍了编程的基本概念。 Zhè...
同学 (tóngxué) — classmate
同学 (tóngxué) A noun meaning classmate or schoolmate. It refers to someone who studies at the same school or in the same class. It can also be used as a polite way to address a student you do not know. Meanings [noun] Classmate, schoolmate, fellow student. [address form] Used to politely address a student you do not know. Example Sentences 她是我的同学，我们在同一个班。 Tā shì wǒ de tóngxué, wǒmen zài tóng yīgè...
只要 (zhǐyào) — as long as
只要 (zhǐyào) 只要 states the minimum or sole condition needed for a result to follow. It is paired with 就 (jiù) in the second clause, forming a pattern that says: "as long as X, then Y will follow." Meanings [conjunction] As long as; provided that; if only. Example Sentences 只要努力，就会成功。 Zhǐyào nǔlì, jiù huì chénggōng. As long as you work hard, you will succeed. 只要你来，我就高兴。 Zhǐyào nǐ lái, wǒ jiù...
迷惑 (míhuò) — to confuse; to bewilder; confused
迷惑 (míhuò) 迷惑 describes either the act of deceiving or bewildering someone, or the state of being confused and disoriented, and is used in both psychological and social contexts at B2 level. Meanings [verb] to confuse; to mislead; to bewilder; to deceive [adjective] confused; bewildered; disoriented Example Sentences 虚假广告常常迷惑消费者，让他们做出错误的购买决定。 Xūjiǎ guǎnggào chángcháng míhuò xiāofèizhě, ràng tāmen zuòchū cuòwù de gòumǎi juédìng. False advertising often confuses consumers and leads them to...
指标 (zhǐbiāo) — indicator; target; index
指标 (zhǐbiāo) 指标 refers to a specific measurable indicator, metric, or target figure used to assess performance, evaluate progress, or measure a specific condition, widely used in business, economics, healthcare, and government planning. Meanings [noun] indicator; metric; index; target figure (a quantifiable measure of performance or status) Example Sentences 国内生产总值是衡量一个国家经济规模的重要指标，但不能完全反映民众的生活质量。 Guónèi shēngchǎn zǒngzhí shì héngliáng yī gè guójiā jīngjì guīmó de zhòngyào zhǐbiāo, dàn bù néng wánquán fǎnyìng mínzhòng de...
振奋 (zhènfèn) — to invigorate; inspiring; uplifting
振奋 (zhènfèn) 振奋 means to feel or cause a great surge of excitement, spirit, or inspiration, often used to describe news, achievements, or speeches that lift people's morale and energize them. Meanings [verb] to inspire; to invigorate; to uplift; to stir up enthusiasm or spirit [adjective] inspiring; invigorating; exciting; uplifting Example Sentences 运动员夺冠的消息令全国人民振奋，街上自发聚集了许多庆祝的市民。 Yùndòng yuán duóguàn de xiāoxi lìng quánguó rénmín zhènfèn, jiē shàng zìfā jùjíle xǔduō qìngzhù de shìmín....
软件 (ruǎnjiàn) — software
软件 (ruǎnjiàn) 软件 is the standard Chinese term for software, encompassing all computer programs, applications, and digital systems, and is essential vocabulary for technology, business, and everyday digital life. Meanings [noun] software; computer program; application Example Sentences 这款软件可以帮助用户管理日常工作任务。 Zhè kuǎn ruǎnjiàn kěyǐ bāngzhù yònghù guǎnlǐ rìcháng gōngzuò rènwù. This software can help users manage daily work tasks. 公司正在开发一套全新的财务管理软件。 Gōngsī zhèngzài kāifā yī tào quánxīn de cáiwù guǎnlǐ ruǎnjiàn. The company...
一起 (yīqǐ) — together, all at once
一起 (yīqǐ) An adverb meaning "together" or "at the same time." Placed before the verb to indicate that two or more people do something jointly. Also used as an invitation to do something together. Meanings [adv] Together, jointly, at the same time. Example Sentences 我们一起去吧！ Wǒmen yīqǐ qù ba! Let's go together! 他们一起学习中文。 Tāmen yīqǐ xuéxí Zhōngwén. They study Chinese together. 你可以和我一起来。 Nǐ kěyǐ hé wǒ yīqǐ lái. You can...
没 (méi) — not (past negation), have not
没 (méi) The negation word used for past actions and the verb 有 (to have). 没 is short for 没有 (méiyǒu). It signals that something did not happen or does not exist. Meanings [adverb] Did not. Negates completed past actions. [adverb] Have not, has not. Negates the verb 有 (to have or exist). 没 vs. 不: the critical distinction This is the most important grammar point for 没. Use 没...
隐含 (yǐnhán) — to imply; implicit; to contain hidden meaning
隐含 (yǐnhán) 隐含 describes something that is contained or implied within something else without being explicitly stated, and is used in analytical, literary, and philosophical contexts to discuss hidden meanings, assumptions, or implications. Meanings [verb] to imply; to contain hidden meaning; to embed (an idea) [adjective] implicit; hidden; latent; unstated Example Sentences 他的言辞表面平静，却隐含着深刻的批评。 Tā de yáncí biǎomiàn píngjìng, què yǐnhánzhe shēnkè de pīpíng. His words were calm on the surface...
即使 (jíshǐ) — even if; even though
即使 (jíshǐ) 即使 introduces a concessive condition — "even if" or "even though." It presents an extreme or hypothetical scenario and states that even under that scenario, the conclusion in the second clause (marked by 也) still stands. The condition may be real or imaginary. Meanings [conjunction] Even if; even though — presents an extreme condition (real or hypothetical) that does not change the outcome, always paired with 也 in...
机遇 (jīyù) — opportunity / chance
机遇 (jīyù) 机遇 refers to a fortunate opportunity or favorable chance that arises at the right moment. Meanings [noun] opportunity; favorable chance; lucky break Example Sentences 这是一个难得的机遇。 Zhè shì yīgè nándé de jīyù. This is a rare opportunity. 我们要抓住这次机遇。 Wǒmen yào zhuāzhù zhè cì jīyù. We must seize this opportunity. 机遇总是留给有准备的人。 Jīyù zǒng shì liú gěi yǒu zhǔnbèi de rén. Opportunity always favors the prepared. 经济发展带来了新的机遇。 Jīngjì fāzhǎn dài lái...
食谱 (shípǔ) — recipe
食谱 (shípǔ) 食谱 is a recipe — a written or verbal guide describing the ingredients and steps needed to prepare a particular food or dish. It is widely used in cooking culture and education. Meanings noun recipe (instructions for preparing a dish) Example Sentences 她从网上找到了一个好食谱。 Tā cóng wǎngshàng zhǎodào le yī gè hǎo shípǔ. She found a good recipe online. 这本食谱里有很多传统菜肴。 Zhè běn shípǔ lǐ yǒu hěn duō chuántǒng càiyáo....
用户 (yònghù) — user
用户 (yònghù) 用户 refers to someone who uses a service, product, or technology platform, and is an essential term in the digital economy and customer service sectors. Meanings [noun] user; customer; subscriber Example Sentences 这款应用程序目前拥有超过一亿活跃用户。 Zhè kuǎn yìngyòng chéngxù mùqián yōngyǒu chāoguò yī yì huóyuè yònghù. This application currently has more than 100 million active users. 平台需要保护用户的个人隐私数据。 Píngtái xūyào bǎohù yònghù de gèrén yǐnsī shùjù. The platform needs to protect...
联系 (liánxì) — to contact; to get in touch; connection
联系 (liánxì) 联系 covers both the act of contacting someone and the abstract idea of a connection or relationship between things. Meanings [verb] To contact, to get in touch with, to reach out to. [noun] Contact, connection, link, relationship. Example Sentences 毕业后我们虽然各奔东西，但始终保持着密切的联系。 Bìyè hòu wǒmen suīrán gè bèn dōngxī, dàn shǐzhōng bǎochí zhe mìqiē de liánxì. After graduation we all went our separate ways, but we have always maintained close...
从此 (cóngcǐ) — from this time on; henceforth; since then
从此 (cóngcǐ) 从此 is an adverb marking a turning point in time, meaning "from this point on" or "since then," used to introduce what has been true or what will be true from a specific moment forward. Meanings [adverb] from this time on; henceforth; since then (marks a moment as a new starting point, after which things continue in a new direction) Usage Note 从此 refers to a specific moment...
研究员 (yánjiūyuán) — researcher
研究员 (yánjiūyuán) 研究员 refers to a researcher or research scientist, typically someone employed at a research institute, university, or laboratory to conduct systematic investigation. Meanings [noun] researcher, research fellow, research scientist Example Sentences 她是一位优秀的研究员。 Tā shì yī wèi yōuxiù de yánjiūyuán. She is an outstanding researcher. 这位研究员在实验室工作了二十年。 Zhè wèi yánjiūyuán zài shíyànshì gōngzuò le èrshí nián. This researcher has worked in the laboratory for twenty years. 研究员们发现了一种新的治疗方法。 Yánjiūyuánmen fāxiàn le...
年级 (niánjí) — grade / year level
年级 (niánjí) 年级 means grade or year level at school. It refers to the stage of study in school, equivalent to Grade 1, Grade 2, etc. It is used with ordinal numbers and the measure 年级 itself: 一年级 (first grade), 三年级 (third grade). Meanings [noun] Grade; year level (in school); school year. Example Sentences 你现在是几年级？ Nǐ xiànzài shì jǐ niánjí? What grade are you in now? 我是初中三年级的学生。 Wǒ shì chūzhōng...
模式 (móshì) — model, pattern, mode
模式 (móshì) 模式 refers to a recurring pattern, model, or mode of operation that characterizes how something typically works or is organized, applicable to economic systems, behavior, design, and thought. Meanings [noun] model, pattern, mode (of operation or behavior) [noun] paradigm, template (a standard form that can be replicated) Example Sentences 这家公司开创了一种全新的商业模式，引领行业变革。 Zhè jiā gōngsī kāichuàng le yī zhǒng quánxīn de shāngyè móshì, yǐnlǐng hángyè biàngé. This company pioneered an...
组织 (zǔzhī) — to organize; organization
组织 (zǔzhī) 组织 means both to organize (the act of arranging things in a structured way) and an organization (a structured group of people with a shared purpose). It is used in political, social, professional, and everyday contexts. Meanings [verb] To organize; to arrange; to coordinate; to form. [noun] Organization; body; institution. Example Sentences 学校组织了一次参观博物馆的活动，深受同学们欢迎。 Xuéxiào zǔzhī le yī cì cānguān bówùguǎn de huódòng, shēn shòu tóngxuémen huānyíng. The school...
觉得 (juéde) — to feel; to think
觉得 (juéde) 觉得 expresses a subjective feeling, opinion, or impression about something, equivalent to "feel that" or "think that" in English. Meanings [verb] to feel (that); to think (that); to find something to be a certain way Example Sentences 我觉得这道题太难了。 Wǒ juéde zhè dào tí tài nán le. I think this question is too difficult. 你觉得这家餐厅怎么样？ Nǐ juéde zhè jiā cāntīng zěnmeyàng? What do you think of this restaurant? 她觉得有点累，想休息一下。...
选择 (xuǎnzé) — to choose
选择 (xuǎnzé) 选择 means to choose or select from available options. It functions as both a verb and a noun, covering everyday decisions and formal selections alike. Meanings [verb] To choose; to select; to pick. [noun] A choice; a selection; an option. Example Sentences 你选择哪个答案？ Nǐ xuǎnzé nǎge dá'àn? Which answer do you choose? 这是你自己的选择。 Zhè shì nǐ zìjǐ de xuǎnzé. This is your own choice. 我选择留在这里工作。 Wǒ xuǎnzé liú...
害怕 (hàipà) — to be afraid
害怕 (hàipà) 害怕 means to be afraid or to fear. It expresses a feeling of fear or fright in response to something dangerous, threatening, or unknown. It is used with 对 to say what one is afraid of, or directly before the feared thing. Meanings [verb] To be afraid; to fear; to be scared. Example Sentences 我害怕黑暗。 Wǒ hàipà hēi'àn. I am afraid of the dark. 她不害怕困难。 Tā bù hàipà...
清楚 (qīngchu) — clear, clearly
清楚 (qīngchu) Used as an adjective meaning clear or distinct, and as a verb meaning to understand clearly. It describes both physical clarity (e.g., sound, image) and mental clarity (e.g., knowing something well). Meanings [adj] Clear, distinct, easy to perceive. [verb] To know clearly, to understand well. Example Sentences 你说得很清楚，我听懂了。 Nǐ shuō de hěn qīngchu, wǒ tīngdǒng le. You spoke very clearly; I understood. 这张照片不清楚。 Zhè zhāng zhàopiàn bù qīngchu....
右边 (yòubiān) — right side; to the right
右边 (yòubiān) 右边 is a direction noun meaning "the right side." Use the structure 在 + [reference point] + 右边 to express location. It pairs naturally with 左边 (left side) when giving directions or describing spatial layouts. For turning, use 向右 or 往右走. Meanings [n] Right side; the right — location relative to a reference point or speaker. [n] On the right — used with 在 to place objects in...
推动 (tuīdòng) — to push forward; to promote; to drive
推动 (tuīdòng) 推动 means to cause something to advance, develop, or progress, either physically or figuratively, equivalent to "to push forward," "to promote," or "to drive." Meanings [verb] To push forward; to promote; to drive; to propel (to cause advancement or development). Example Sentences 科技的发展推动了社会的进步。 Kējì de fāzhǎn tuīdòng le shèhuì de jìnbù. The development of technology has driven social progress. 政府出台了新政策来推动经济发展。 Zhèngfǔ chūtái le xīn zhèngcè lái tuīdòng jīngjì...
帽子 (màozi) — hat, cap
帽子 (màozi) 帽子 means hat or cap, any head covering. The 子 is a common noun suffix. It covers all types: baseball caps, winter hats, sun hats, etc. Meanings [noun] Hat, cap. Example Sentences 他戴着一顶红帽子。 Tā dài zhe yī dǐng hóng màozi. He is wearing a red hat. 外面很冷，记得戴帽子。 Wàimiàn hěn lěng, jìde dài màozi. It is very cold outside, remember to wear a hat. 这顶帽子多少钱？ Zhè dǐng màozi duōshao...
失败 (shībài) — defeat, failure; to fail
失败 (shībài) 失败 describes the outcome of not achieving a goal, or the act of failing. It is used both as a noun meaning "failure" and as a verb meaning "to fail" or "to be defeated." Meanings n failure, defeat v to fail, to be defeated Example Sentences 失败是成功之母。 Shībài shì chénggōng zhī mǔ. Failure is the mother of success. 他们在比赛中失败了，但没有放弃。 Tāmen zài bǐsài zhōng shībài le, dàn méiyǒu fàngqì....
应用程序 (yìngyòng chéngxù) — application, app
应用程序 (yìngyòng chéngxù) 应用程序 is the formal term for a software application or app. It is commonly shortened to 应用 (yìngyòng) or even 软件 in daily conversation, but 应用程序 is used in technical and written contexts. Meanings [noun] application; app; a software program designed to perform a specific task Example Sentences 我下载了一个学中文的应用程序。 Wǒ xiàzài le yí gè xué zhōngwén de yìngyòng chéngxù. I downloaded a Chinese learning application. 这个应用程序需要更新。 Zhège...
事故 (shìgù) — accident / incident
事故 (shìgù) Refers to an unintended, harmful incident, most commonly a traffic accident or workplace accident. Meanings [noun] Accident, incident (usually involving injury or damage). [noun] Mishap, unforeseen harmful event. Example Sentences 路上发生了一起交通事故。 Lù shàng fāshēng le yī qǐ jiāotōng shìgù. A traffic accident occurred on the road. 工厂里发生了安全事故。 Gōngchǎng lǐ fāshēng le ānquán shìgù. A safety accident occurred in the factory. 为了防止事故，我们要小心驾驶。 Wèile fángzhǐ shìgù, wǒmen yào xiǎoxīn jiàshǐ....
设计 (shèjì) — to design; design
设计 (shèjì) 设计 encompasses the full range of design activities -- from graphic and product design to architectural planning and the design of systems or experiments -- making it indispensable in creative and technical contexts. Meanings [verb] to design; to plan; to devise [noun] design; a plan; a blueprint Example Sentences 这座建筑由著名建筑师设计，风格独特。 Zhè zuò jiànzhú yóu zhùmíng jiànzhùshī shèjì, fēnggé dútè. This building was designed by a famous architect and...
逐渐 (zhújiàn) — gradually; little by little; progressively
逐渐 (zhújiàn) 逐渐 is an adverb describing a process that happens slowly and incrementally over time, without sudden jumps or breaks. Meanings [adverb] gradually; little by little; progressively (placed before a verb or adjective to indicate slow, steady change) Usage Note 逐渐 is placed directly before the verb or adjective it modifies. It emphasizes the gradual nature of a change and often appears with verbs of change such as 变...
冷静 (lěngjìng) — Calm / cool-headed
冷静 (lěngjìng) 冷静 describes a state of being calm, composed, and rational — especially when under pressure or in a difficult situation. Meanings [adjective] calm, cool-headed, composed, level-headed Example Sentences 遇到紧急情况时，一定要保持冷静。 Yùdào jǐnjí qíngkuàng shí, yīdìng yào bǎochí lěngjìng. When you encounter an emergency, you must stay calm. 他在压力下依然很冷静，处理问题很有条理。 Tā zài yālì xià yīrán hěn lěngjìng, chǔlǐ wèntí hěn yǒu tiáolǐ. He remained very calm under pressure and handled problems...
费用 (fèiyòng) — fee; cost; expense
费用 (fèiyòng) 费用 means "fee," "cost," or "expense" and refers to money that is spent or charged in connection with an activity, service, or transaction. Meanings [noun] fee; cost; expense; charge Example Sentences 这次旅行的费用大概是五千元。 Zhè cì lǚxíng de fèiyòng dàgài shì wǔqiān yuán. The cost of this trip is approximately five thousand yuan. 医疗费用越来越高，让很多人担忧。 Yīliáo fèiyòng yuèláiyuè gāo, ràng hěn duō rén dānyōu. Medical expenses are getting higher and higher,...
面对 (miànduì) — to face / to confront
面对 (miànduì) 面对 means to face or confront a situation, challenge, or person directly. Meanings [verb] to face; to confront; to deal with; to be faced with Example Sentences 我们必须勇敢地面对困难。 Wǒmen bìxū yǒnggǎn de miànduì kùnnán. We must bravely face difficulties. 面对失败，她没有放弃。 Miànduì shībài, tā méiyǒu fàngqì. Faced with failure, she did not give up. 他不敢面对现实。 Tā bù gǎn miànduì xiànshí. He does not dare to face reality. 我们要积极面对生活中的挑战。 Wǒmen...
控制 (kòngzhì) — to control; to manage; control
控制 (kòngzhì) 控制 means to regulate, restrain, or keep something within desired limits, whether physical, emotional, or systemic. Meanings [verb] To control, to manage, to regulate, to restrain. [noun] Control, management, regulation. Example Sentences 政府采取了一系列措施来控制物价上涨的速度。 Zhèngfǔ cǎiqǔ le yī xìliè cuòshī lái kòngzhì wùjià shàngzhǎng de sùdù. The government took a series of measures to control the pace of price increases. 在压力极大的情况下，他依然能够控制自己的情绪，冷静应对。 Zài yālì jí dà de qíngkuàng xià, tā...
媒体 (méitǐ) — media
媒体 (méitǐ) Media refers to the main means of mass communication -- broadcasting, publishing, and the internet -- considered collectively as a powerful social force. Meanings [noun] media; mass media; press and broadcasting organizations Example Sentences 媒体在塑造公众舆论方面发挥着重要作用。 Méitǐ zài sùzào gōngzhòng yúlùn fāngmiàn fāhuīzhe zhòngyào zuòyòng. The media plays an important role in shaping public opinion. 社交媒体改变了人们获取信息的方式。 Shèjiāo méitǐ gǎibiànle rénmen huòqǔ xìnxī de fāngshì. Social media has changed the...
倡议 (chàngyì) — to propose, to initiate; proposal
倡议 (chàngyì) 倡议 means to propose or initiate something — to be the first to suggest or call for a collective action, especially in a public, formal, or international context. As a noun, it refers to the proposal or initiative itself. It is particularly associated with diplomatic initiatives, international cooperation, and social movements. Meanings [v] to propose; to initiate; to call for (a collective action or new approach) [n] a...
真 (zhēn) — really, truly, genuine
真 (zhēn) Used as an adverb before adjectives or verbs to intensify meaning, equivalent to "really" or "truly." Also used as an adjective meaning genuine or real. A very common intensifier in spoken Chinese. Meanings [adv] Really, truly (intensifier before adjectives and verbs). [adj] Real, genuine, authentic. Example Sentences 这个苹果真甜！ Zhège píngguǒ zhēn tián! This apple is really sweet! 他说的是真的吗？ Tā shuō de shì zhēn de ma? Is what he...
普通 (pǔtōng) — ordinary; common; standard
普通 (pǔtōng) 普通 means ordinary, common, or standard. It describes things that are typical and unremarkable. Its most famous compound is 普通话 (Pǔtōnghuà), the standard Mandarin Chinese language. As an adjective it appears before nouns (普通的人 — an ordinary person) or after 很 (很普通 — very ordinary/nothing special). Meanings [adj] Ordinary; common — not special, typical of its kind. [adj] Standard; regular — as opposed to premium or specialized. Example...
目标 (mùbiāo) — goal; target
目标 (mùbiāo) 目标 refers to a goal, target, or objective that one aims to achieve, whether in studies, work, or life. Meanings [noun] goal; objective; aim; target Example Sentences 我的目标是在一年内学会中文。 Wǒ de mùbiāo shì zài yī nián nèi xuéhuì Zhōngwén. My goal is to learn Chinese within one year. 你有没有明确的人生目标？ Nǐ yǒu méiyǒu míngquè de rénshēng mùbiāo? Do you have a clear life goal? 只要有目标，就有前进的方向。 Zhǐyào yǒu mùbiāo, jiù yǒu...
教室 (jiàoshì) — classroom
教室 (jiàoshì) A noun meaning classroom. It combines 教 (teach) and 室 (room). It specifically refers to the room where teaching and learning take place, as opposed to other rooms in a school building. Meanings [noun] Classroom, a room for teaching. Example Sentences 同学们都在教室里学习。 Tóngxuémen dōu zài jiàoshì lǐ xuéxí. All the classmates are studying in the classroom. 我们的教室在三楼。 Wǒmen de jiàoshì zài sān lóu. Our classroom is on the...
参考 (cānkǎo) — to refer to; reference
参考 (cānkǎo) 参考 means to consult or refer to something for information or guidance, and can also be used as a noun meaning reference material. Meanings [verb] to refer to; to consult; to take as reference [noun] reference; consultation Example Sentences 写论文时要参考很多资料。 Xiě lùnwén shí yào cānkǎo hěn duō zīliào. When writing a paper, you need to refer to many sources. 这只是供参考，不一定完全正确。 Zhè zhǐshì gōng cānkǎo, bù yīdìng wánquán zhèngquè....
描绘 (miáohuì) — to depict; to portray
描绘 (miáohuì) 描绘 means to depict or portray something in vivid detail, whether through words, images, or other artistic means, suggesting a rich, pictorial quality of description. Meanings [verb] to depict; to portray; to describe with vivid detail [verb] to draw or paint (a scene, figure, or world) in words or images Example Sentences 这位作家善于用细腻的笔触描绘人物的内心世界。 Zhè wèi zuòjiā shànyú yòng xìnì de bǐchù miáohuì rénwù de nèixīn shìjiè. This writer...
成本 (chéngběn) — cost; production cost
成本 (chéngběn) 成本 refers to the cost or expense required to produce, acquire, or achieve something, widely used in business, economics, and everyday contexts to describe financial expenditure. Meanings [noun] cost; production cost; expenses (what must be spent to produce or achieve something) Example Sentences 降低生产成本是企业保持竞争力的关键策略之一。 Jiàngdī shēngchǎn chéngběn shì qǐyè bǎochí jìngzhēnglì de guānjiàn cèlüè zhī yī. Reducing production costs is one of the key strategies for businesses to...
字 (zì) — character; word; handwriting
字 (zì) 字 refers to a written character or script unit in Chinese, and by extension can mean a word, a letter, or someone's handwriting style. Meanings [noun] a written character (a single Chinese character or letter) [noun] a word or written form of a word [noun] handwriting; one's style of writing Example Sentences 这个字怎么写？ Zhège zì zěnme xiě? How do you write this character? 他的字写得很漂亮。 Tā de zì xiě...
班 (bān) — class / shift
班 (bān) 班 primarily means a class of students or a work shift. It is also used as a measure word for scheduled transport departures and as part of compound words related to work schedules. Meanings [noun] Class; classroom group of students. [noun] Work shift; duty period. [measure word] Scheduled trip or service (for buses, planes, trains). Example Sentences 我们班一共有三十个学生。 Wǒmen bān yīgòng yǒu sānshí gè xuésheng. Our class has...
起床 (qǐchuáng) — to get up / to get out of bed
起床 (qǐchuáng) A verb phrase meaning "to get up" or "to get out of bed." 起 (qǐ) means "to rise," and 床 (chuáng) means "bed." Together they describe the act of leaving bed in the morning. Its counterpart is 睡觉 (shuìjiào, to go to sleep). Meanings [verb phrase] To get up, to get out of bed, to rise in the morning. Example Sentences 我每天七点起床。 Wǒ měitiān qī diǎn qǐchuáng. I...
全面 (quánmiàn) — comprehensive; all-around; thorough
全面 (quánmiàn) 全面 means comprehensive or all-around, indicating that something covers every aspect of a subject or situation without omission. It is used to describe analyses, plans, reforms, understanding, and abilities that are thorough and complete. Meanings [adjective] Comprehensive; all-around; thorough; all-encompassing. Example Sentences 这份报告对市场现状进行了全面而深入的分析。 Zhè fèn bàogào duì shìchǎng xiànzhuàng jìnxíng le quánmiàn ér shēnrù de fēnxī. This report conducted a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the current market...
科技 (kējì) — technology; science and technology
科技 (kējì) 科技 is a shorthand combining 科学 (science) and 技术 (technology), referring to the field of science and technology together. Meanings [noun] technology; science and technology; the combined field of scientific knowledge and its technical applications Example Sentences 现代科技改变了人们的生活方式。 Xiàndài kējì gǎibiàn le rénmen de shēnghuó fāngshì. Modern technology has changed people's way of life. 这家公司专注于高科技产品的研发。 Zhè jiā gōngsī zhuānzhù yú gāo kējì chǎnpǐn de yánfā. This company focuses...
规范 (guīfàn) — norm, standard; to standardize
规范 (guīfàn) 规范 functions as both a noun and a verb. As a noun it means a norm, standard, or specification — the accepted model of correct or proper behavior, language, or procedure. As a verb it means to standardize or regulate, bringing something into conformity with an established norm. It is widely used in institutional, legal, and academic discourse. Meanings [n] norm, standard, specification [v] to standardize, to regulate,...
印象 (yìnxiàng) — impression
印象 (yìnxiàng) 印象 refers to the impression or mental image left by a person, event, or experience. It is commonly used in phrases about good or bad impressions. Meanings [noun] Impression; the image or feeling left in one's mind. Example Sentences 她给我留下了很好的印象。 Tā gěi wǒ liúxia le hěn hǎo de yìnxiàng. She left a very good impression on me. 我对这个城市的印象很深。 Wǒ duì zhège chéngshì de yìnxiàng hěn shēn. I have...
天气 (tiānqì) — weather
天气 (tiānqì) Weather. 天 means "sky" or "day," and 气 means "air," "breath," or "atmosphere." Together they describe the atmospheric conditions of the sky. Meanings [noun] Weather. The atmospheric conditions at a particular place and time, such as temperature, rain, and wind. Example Sentences 今天天气怎么样？ Jīntiān tiānqì zěnmeyàng? What is the weather like today? 明天天气很好。 Míngtiān tiānqì hěn hǎo. The weather tomorrow will be nice. 北京的天气很冷。 Běijīng de tiānqì hěn...
结果 (jiéguǒ) — result; outcome; as a result
结果 (jiéguǒ) 结果 refers to the final outcome or result of a process, and it also functions as a connective meaning "as a result" or "in the end." Meanings [noun] Result; outcome; conclusion. [conjunction] As a result; consequently; in the end. Example Sentences 考试结果明天才能知道。 Kǎoshì jiéguǒ míngtiān cái néng zhīdào. We won't know the exam results until tomorrow. 他努力工作，结果获得了晋升。 Tā nǔlì gōngzuò, jiéguǒ huòdéle jìnshēng. He worked hard, and as...
号召 (hàozhào) — to call on; to appeal to; call
号召 (hàozhào) 号召 describes the act of publicly calling on people to take action, often for a collective or social purpose. Meanings [verb] To call on, to appeal to, to rally, to mobilize. [noun] A call, an appeal, a rallying cry. Example Sentences 政府号召全体市民积极参与垃圾分类，共同保护环境。 Zhèngfǔ hàozhào quántǐ shìmín jījí cānyù lājī fēnlèi, gòngtóng bǎohù huánjìng. The government called on all citizens to actively participate in waste sorting and protect the...
然后 (rán hòu) — then, after that
然后 (rán hòu) A conjunction used to connect two actions or events in sequence, meaning "then" or "after that." It always follows the first completed action and introduces what comes next. Meanings [conj] Then, after that (indicating sequence of events or steps). Example Sentences 我先吃早饭，然后去上班。 Wǒ xiān chī zǎofàn, rán hòu qù shàngbān. I eat breakfast first, then go to work. 先洗手，然后再吃东西。 Xiān xǐ shǒu, rán hòu zài chī dōngxi....
负责 (fùzé) — to be responsible for; in charge of
负责 (fùzé) 负责 describes bearing responsibility for something, either by being assigned to manage it or by being accountable for its outcome. Meanings [verb] To be responsible for, to be in charge of, to take responsibility. [adjective] Responsible, conscientious (when used to describe a person's attitude). Example Sentences 她负责整个项目的协调工作，任务繁重但表现出色。 Tā fùzé zhěnggè xiàngmù de xiétiáo gōngzuò, rènwu fánzhòng dàn biǎoxiàn chūsè. She is responsible for coordinating the entire project —...
颁布 (bānbù) — to promulgate, to issue
颁布 (bānbù) 颁布 means to promulgate or officially issue something — specifically laws, regulations, policies, standards, or official documents. It implies formal, authoritative publication by a government or governing body. The word carries an official, institutional character and is almost exclusively used for the formal issuance of binding documents. Meanings [v] to promulgate; to officially issue or enact (a law, regulation, policy, or decree) Example Sentences 全国人民代表大会颁布了新修订的《数据安全法》，填补了立法空白。 Quánguó rénmín dàibiǎo...
丢 (diū) — to lose; to misplace
丢 (diū) 丢 means to lose something, to misplace it, or to leave something behind unintentionally. Meanings [verb] to lose; to misplace; to leave behind; to drop Example Sentences 我把钱包丢了。 Wǒ bǎ qiánbāo diū le. I lost my wallet. 他在地铁上丢了手机。 Tā zài dìtiě shàng diū le shǒujī. He lost his phone on the subway. 不小心把钥匙丢在家里了。 Bù xiǎoxīn bǎ yàoshi diū zài jiā lǐ le. He accidentally left his keys at...
礼貌 (lǐmào) — polite, politeness
礼貌 (lǐmào) 礼貌 describes polite behavior and good manners, and is both a noun (politeness) and an adjective (polite) in Chinese. Meanings [adjective] polite, courteous, well-mannered [noun] politeness, courtesy, good manners Example Sentences 他说话很有礼貌。 Tā shuōhuà hěn yǒu lǐmào. He speaks very politely. 礼貌是与人交往的基本要求。 Lǐmào shì yǔ rén jiāowǎng de jīběn yāoqiú. Politeness is a basic requirement for getting along with others. 孩子们应该从小学会礼貌待人。 Háizimen yīnggāi cóng xiǎo xuéhuì lǐmào dài...
自然灾害 (zìrán zāihài) — natural disaster
自然灾害 (zìrán zāihài) 自然灾害 refers to catastrophic natural events such as earthquakes, floods, typhoons, droughts, and wildfires that cause significant damage to human life and property. It is the standard compound term in disaster management and environmental discourse. Meanings [noun] natural disaster; natural catastrophe Example Sentences 气候变化导致自然灾害的频率和强度不断增加，对全球造成严峻威胁。 Qìhòu biànhuà dǎozhì zìrán zāihài de pínlǜ hé qiángdù bùduàn zēngjiā, duì quánqiú zàochéng yánjùn wēixié. Climate change is causing natural disasters to...
帮助 (bāngzhù) — to help; help
帮助 (bāngzhù) 帮助 means to help or assist. It functions both as a verb and as a noun, so you can "give 帮助" or "帮助 someone do something." Meanings [verb] To help; to assist. Often followed by a person object and then a verb phrase. [noun] Help; assistance. Can be the object of verbs like 给 (to give) or 需要 (to need). Example Sentences 谢谢你的帮助。 Xièxie nǐ de bāngzhù. Thank...
合适 (héshì) — suitable / appropriate
合适 (héshì) 合适 means suitable, appropriate, or fitting. It describes a good match between a person and a role, an item and a purpose, or a situation and a response. It is a common everyday adjective used in shopping, work, and personal contexts. Meanings [adjective] Suitable; appropriate; fitting; the right match. Example Sentences 这双鞋很合适，我买了。 Zhè shuāng xié hěn héshì, wǒ mǎi le. These shoes fit perfectly; I bought them. 你觉得这份工作合适吗？...
赞同 (zàntóng) — to agree; to approve
赞同 (zàntóng) 赞同 expresses active agreement with or approval of someone's opinion, proposal, or plan, and is widely used in formal discussion, debate, and written argument at B2 level. Meanings [verb] to agree with; to approve of; to endorse [noun] agreement; approval; endorsement Example Sentences 我完全赞同你的观点，这个方案非常合理。 Wǒ wánquán zàntóng nǐ de guāndiǎn, zhège fāng'àn fēicháng hélǐ. I fully agree with your view; this plan is very reasonable. 大多数委员投票赞同这项新规定。 Dàduōshù wěiyuán...
文体 (wéntǐ) — literary genre, style
文体 (wéntǐ) 文体 refers to the stylistic form or genre of a piece of writing, encompassing both its structural conventions and its expressive register. It is distinct from 风格 (fēnggé), which focuses on an individual author's personal style. 文体 is used in academic and educational contexts to classify texts by type, such as argumentative, narrative, or expository writing. Meanings [n] literary genre or style; the formal type and register of...
学生 (xuéshēng) — Student
学生 (xuéshēng) 学生 is the general term for a student or pupil at any educational level. Meanings [noun] student; pupil; learner Example Sentences 这所学校有三千名学生。 Zhè suǒ xuéxiào yǒu sānqiān míng xuéshēng. This school has three thousand students. 老师鼓励学生积极发言。 Lǎoshī gǔlì xuéshēng jījí fāyán. The teacher encourages students to actively speak up. 他是一名非常认真的学生，从不缺课。 Tā shì yī míng fēicháng rènzhēn de xuéshēng, cóng bù quē kè. He is a very conscientious student...
对不起 (duìbuqǐ) — sorry; I apologize
对不起 (duìbuqǐ) 对不起 means "sorry" or "I apologize." It is used for genuine apologies where you have caused trouble, made a mistake, or wronged someone. Meanings [phrase] Sorry; I apologize; excuse me for what I did wrong (sincere apology). Example Sentences 对不起，我来晚了。 Duìbuqǐ, wǒ lái wǎn le. Sorry, I am late. 对不起，这是我的错。 Duìbuqǐ, zhè shì wǒ de cuò. Sorry, this is my fault. A: 对不起！ B: 没关系！ A: Duìbuqǐ! B:...
外汇 (wàihuì) — foreign exchange; foreign currency
外汇 (wàihuì) 外汇 refers to foreign exchange or foreign currency -- money of foreign countries used in international trade and financial transactions, as well as the system for exchanging currencies. Meanings [noun] foreign exchange; foreign currency; forex Example Sentences 中国拥有全球最大的外汇储备之一。 Zhōngguó yōngyǒu quánqiú zuìdà de wàihuì chǔbèi zhī yī. China has one of the largest foreign exchange reserves in the world. 出口贸易是该国获取外汇的主要来源。 Chūkǒu màoyì shì gāi guó huòqǔ wàihuì de...
早上 (zǎoshang) — morning, early morning
早上 (zǎoshang) 早上 means early morning, the time from when you wake up to roughly 9 a.m. It implies the very beginning of the day and is slightly earlier than 上午 (shàngwǔ). Meanings [noun] Early morning, morning (approximately 6:00 to 9:00). Example Sentences 早上好！ Zǎoshang hǎo! Good morning! 我每天早上六点起床。 Wǒ měitiān zǎoshang liù diǎn qǐchuáng. I get up at six every morning. 早上我喜欢喝咖啡。 Zǎoshang wǒ xǐhuān hē kāfēi. In the...
乘 (chéng) — to ride; to take (transport)
乘 (chéng) 乘 means to ride or travel by a mode of transport such as a bus, train, or plane. Meanings [verb] to ride; to take; to travel by (a vehicle or transport) Example Sentences 我每天乘地铁去上班。 Wǒ měitiān chéng dìtiě qù shàngbān. I take the subway to work every day. 他们乘飞机去北京出差。 Tāmen chéng fēijī qù Běijīng chūchāi. They took a plane to Beijing on a business trip. 乘公共汽车比开车省钱。 Chéng gōnggòng...
邮局 (yóujú) — post office
邮局 (yóujú) 邮局 is the post office, the place where you send letters, mail packages, and access postal services. 邮 relates to mail and postal matters, while 局 refers to a bureau or office. The word is used for both the institution and the physical building. Meanings [noun] Post office; postal office. Example Sentences 我需要去邮局寄一封信。 Wǒ xūyào qù yóujú jì yī fēng xìn. I need to go to the post...
形成 (xíngchéng) — to form; to develop; to take shape
形成 (xíngchéng) 形成 means to form, develop, or take shape, describing the process by which something new comes into existence or a pattern becomes established over time. Meanings [verb] to form; to develop; to take shape; to come into being Example Sentences 这条河是由冰川融水形成的。 Zhè tiáo hé shì yóu bīngchuān róng shuǐ xíngchéng de. This river was formed by glacial meltwater. 他渐渐形成了自己独特的写作风格。 Tā jiànjiàn xíngchéngle zìjǐ dútè de xiězuò fēnggé. He...
房间 (fángjiān) — room
房间 (fángjiān) A noun meaning room, specifically a room inside a building such as a bedroom, hotel room, or living room. It combines 房 (house, building) and 间 (space between, room). Meanings [noun] Room, a space inside a building. Example Sentences 我的房间不大，但很干净。 Wǒ de fángjiān bù dà, dàn hěn gānjìng. My room is not big, but it is very clean. 请打扫一下你的房间。 Qǐng dǎsǎo yīxià nǐ de fángjiān. Please clean up...
打折 (dǎzhé) — to give a discount
打折 (dǎzhé) 打折 means to give a discount or sell at a reduced price. 折 refers to a fraction of the original price, so 八折 means 80% of the price, which is a 20% discount. It is commonly used in shopping contexts. Meanings [verb] To give a discount; to sell at a reduced price. [verb] To fall short of a standard (figurative, less common). Example Sentences 这家店今天所有商品打八折。 Zhè jiā diàn...
认识 (rènshi) — to know (a person); to recognize
认识 (rènshi) 认识 means to know a person personally, to be acquainted with someone, or to recognize something. It differs from 知道 (zhīdào). Use 认识 for people and familiar things (you can recognize them); use 知道 for facts and information (things you are aware of). You can 认识 a person but you 知道 their address. Meanings [verb] To know, to be acquainted with (a person). [verb] To recognize, to be...
宁可 (nìngkě) — would rather; prefer to
宁可 (nìngkě) 宁可 expresses a preference for one choice even if it involves some cost or sacrifice, equivalent to "would rather" or "prefer to" in English. Meanings [adverb] Would rather; prefer to (chooses one option, often the harder one, over another). Example Sentences 我宁可走路，也不想坐那辆车。 Wǒ nìngkě zǒulù, yě bù xiǎng zuò nà liàng chē. I would rather walk than ride in that car. 她宁可少睡觉，也要完成作业。 Tā nìngkě shǎo shuìjiào, yě yào...
新鲜 (xīnxiān) — fresh
新鲜 (xīnxiān) 新鲜 describes food or produce that is recently harvested, prepared, or obtained, and therefore not spoiled or stale. It can also describe fresh air, a new idea, or a novel experience. Meanings adjective fresh (recently produced and not spoiled; also new, novel, or invigorating) Example Sentences 市场上的蔬菜都很新鲜。 Shìchǎng shàng de shūcài dōu hěn xīnxiān. The vegetables at the market are all very fresh. 早上呼吸新鲜空气对身体有好处。 Zǎoshang hūxī xīnxiān kōngqì...
电脑 (diànnǎo) — computer
电脑 (diànnǎo) A noun meaning computer. It literally means "electric brain," combining 电 (electricity) and 脑 (brain). This is a vivid and memorable compound, and it reflects the way early Chinese speakers imagined computers as thinking machines. Meanings [noun] Computer (desktop, laptop, or any personal computer). Example Sentences 我每天都用电脑工作。 Wǒ měitiān dōu yòng diànnǎo gōngzuò. I use a computer for work every day. 这台电脑很快，新买的。 Zhè tái diànnǎo hěn kuài, xīn...
消极 (xiāojí) — negative / passive
消极 (xiāojí) 消极 means negative or passive in attitude or behavior. It describes a pessimistic, unmotivated, or defeatist mindset. Its direct antonym is 积极 (jījí), which means positive or enthusiastic. 消 means to diminish or fade, and 极 means extreme or pole. Meanings [adjective] Negative; passive; pessimistic; lacking motivation or initiative. Example Sentences 他对工作的态度很消极。 Tā duì gōngzuò de tàidu hěn xiāojí. His attitude toward work is very negative. 遇到困难要积极面对，不要消极。 Yù...
落实 (luòshí) — to implement; to carry out
落实 (luòshí) 落实 describes the act of turning plans, policies, or promises into concrete reality, and is one of the most common verbs in Chinese administrative and business language. Meanings [verb] to implement; to put into effect; to follow through on [verb] to verify; to confirm (a detail or arrangement) Example Sentences 政府正在落实新的环保政策。 Zhèngfǔ zhèngzài luòshí xīn de huánbǎo zhèngcè. The government is implementing the new environmental policy. 我们需要落实每一个细节。 Wǒmen...
办公室 (bàngōngshì) — office
办公室 (bàngōngshì) 办公室 is an office, a place where administrative or professional work is carried out. Meanings [noun] office; a place where people work at desks Example Sentences 他的办公室在三楼。 Tā de bàngōngshì zài sān lóu. His office is on the third floor. 我每天八点到办公室上班。 Wǒ měitiān bā diǎn dào bàngōngshì shàngbān. I arrive at the office every day at eight o'clock. 办公室里有很多同事。 Bàngōngshì lǐ yǒu hěn duō tóngshì. There are many...
回答 (huídá) — to answer
回答 (huídá) 回答 means to answer or reply to a question or inquiry. It is used as both a verb and a noun. As a verb it takes the question or questioner as its object. As a noun it refers to the response itself. Meanings [verb] To answer; to reply; to respond (to a question or inquiry). [noun] An answer; a response; a reply. Example Sentences 请回答我的问题。 Qǐng huídá wǒ...
舒服 (shūfu) — comfortable; at ease
舒服 (shūfu) 舒服 describes a feeling of physical or emotional comfort. It is commonly used for how the body feels (身体不舒服 — feeling unwell) or how an environment feels (这把椅子很舒服 — this chair is comfortable). The negative 不舒服 is one of the most useful phrases for expressing that you feel sick or unwell. Meanings [adj] Comfortable; at ease — physically relaxed and pleasant. [adj] Feeling well — the body is...
机器 (jīqì) — machine
机器 (jīqì) 机器 means machine or apparatus. It refers to any mechanical or automated device that performs work. 机 relates to a mechanism or device, and 器 means a vessel or tool. Together they describe a tool-like mechanism, i.e. a machine. A key compound is 机器人 (jīqìrén), which means robot, literally "machine person." As automation grows in China, 机器人 and 人工智能 (artificial intelligence) are increasingly common words in everyday conversation....
再者 (zàizhě) — furthermore, moreover
再者 (zàizhě) 再者 is a formal discourse connector used to introduce an additional supporting point, typically the last or a later item in a series of reasons or arguments. Meanings [conjunction] furthermore, moreover, besides, what is more (used to add a further point) Example Sentences 这个项目耗资巨大，再者工期太长，我们决定放弃。 Zhège xiàngmù hào zī jùdà, zàizhě gōngqī tài cháng, wǒmen juédìng fàngqì. This project requires enormous funds; furthermore, the construction period is too long,...
制约 (zhìyuē) — to constrain, to restrict
制约 (zhìyuē) 制约 refers to the limiting or constraining of something's development, action, or scope, especially through systemic, structural, or environmental factors. Meanings [verb] to constrain, to restrict, to check (especially through rules, systems, or conditions) [noun] constraint, restriction, check Example Sentences 资金不足是制约这家初创公司发展的主要因素。 Zījīn bùzú shì zhìyuē zhè jiā chūchuàng gōngsī fāzhǎn de zhǔyào yīnsù. Insufficient funding is the main factor constraining the development of this startup. 权力需要受到有效的制约，才能防止腐败的发生。 Quánlì xūyào...
加强 (jiāqiáng) — to strengthen, to reinforce
加强 (jiāqiáng) 加强 means to make something stronger, more effective, or more intensive, typically by adding effort, resources, or measures to an existing situation. Meanings [verb] to strengthen, to reinforce, to intensify, to enhance Example Sentences 政府决定加强边境安全管控，防止非法越境。 Zhèngfǔ juédìng jiāqiáng biānjìng ānquán guǎnkòng, fángzhǐ fēifǎ yuèjìng. The government decided to strengthen border security controls to prevent illegal crossings. 学校正在积极加强对学生心理健康的关注和支持。 Xuéxiào zhèngzài jījí jiāqiáng duì xuéshēng xīnlǐ jiànkāng de guānzhù hé...
老板 (lǎobǎn) — boss / owner
老板 (lǎobǎn) 老板 refers to a boss, business owner, or employer, and is used both in formal workplace settings and casual conversation. Meanings [noun] boss; owner; employer; proprietor Example Sentences 我的老板对员工非常严格。 Wǒ de lǎobǎn duì yuángōng fēicháng yángé. My boss is very strict with the employees. 他决定自己创业，做自己的老板。 Tā juédìng zìjǐ chuàngyè, zuò zìjǐ de lǎobǎn. He decided to start his own business and be his own boss. 老板今天开会迟到了。 Lǎobǎn jīntiān...
两 (liǎng) — two (before measure words)
两 (liǎng) The form of "two" used directly before measure words (classifiers) and in quantities; it cannot appear in pure counting sequences or ordinals — that is the job of 二 (èr). See the 二 page for the full comparison. Meanings [number] Two (quantity, always before a measure word or unit). [adjective] A couple of, a few (colloquial: 说两句, say a few words). Example Sentences 我有两个哥哥。 Wǒ yǒu liǎng gè...
科学 (kēxué) — scientific; systematic
科学 (kēxué) 科学 means science as a noun, or scientific and systematic as an adjective, describing knowledge or methods based on evidence and reason. Meanings [noun] science; a systematic body of knowledge based on observation and experiment [adjective] scientific; systematic; evidence-based Example Sentences 科学技术是第一生产力。 Kēxué jìshù shì dì yī shēngchǎnlì. Science and technology are the primary productive forces. 我们应该用科学的方法解决问题。 Wǒmen yīnggāi yòng kēxué de fāngfǎ jiějué wèntí. We should use...
现象 (xiànxiàng) — phenomenon, occurrence
现象 (xiànxiàng) 现象 refers to an observable phenomenon, event, or occurrence, especially one that is noteworthy, widespread, or in need of explanation. Meanings [noun] phenomenon, occurrence (something observable) [noun] symptom, manifestation (of a deeper underlying cause) Example Sentences 全球气候变暖是当今世界最受关注的环境现象之一。 Quánqiú qìhòu biànnuǎn shì dāngjīn shìjiè zuì shòu guānzhù de huánjìng xiànxiàng zhī yī. Global warming is one of the most widely discussed environmental phenomena in the world today. 社会上存在的贫富差距现象需要引起高度重视。 Shèhuì...
拒绝 (jùjué) — to refuse / reject
拒绝 (jùjué) 拒绝 means to refuse, reject, or decline. It expresses a firm unwillingness to accept or do something. It is more direct and stronger than 不要 (do not want), often used for formal refusals or deliberate rejection. Its natural antonym is 接受 (to accept). Together, 接受 and 拒绝 cover the two fundamental responses to any offer, request, or proposal. Meanings [verb] To refuse; to reject; to decline a request,...
医院 (yīyuàn) — hospital
医院 (yīyuàn) 医院 refers to a healthcare institution that provides medical diagnosis, treatment, and care to patients, ranging from small community hospitals to large specialist medical centers. Meanings [noun] hospital, medical center Example Sentences 他在那次严重的交通事故后被紧急送往最近的医院救治。 Tā zài nà cì yánzhòng de jiāotōng shìgù hòu bèi jǐnjí sòng wǎng zuìjìn de yīyuàn jiùzhì. After that serious traffic accident, he was urgently sent to the nearest hospital for treatment. 这家三甲医院在心脏外科领域享有极高的声誉。 Zhè jiā...
虽然 (suīrán) — although
虽然 (suīrán) 虽然 introduces a concessive clause: it acknowledges a fact or difficulty, then contrasts it with an unexpected or opposite outcome. It is almost always paired with 但是 (dànshì) or 还是 (háishi) in the second clause. Meanings [conjunction] Although; even though; granted that. Example Sentences 虽然很累，但是我还是坚持下去了。 Suīrán hěn lèi, dànshì wǒ háishi jiānchí xiàqù le. Although I was very tired, I still persisted. 虽然他年轻，但是经验很丰富。 Suīrán tā niánqīng, dànshì jīngyàn...
医院 (yīyuàn) — hospital
医院 (yīyuàn) A hospital or medical facility where doctors treat patients. It is one of the most common public places discussed in everyday Chinese. Meanings [noun] Hospital. A building or institution providing medical and surgical treatment. Example Sentences 我去医院看病。 Wǒ qù yīyuàn kàn bìng. I am going to the hospital to see a doctor. 医院在哪里？ Yīyuàn zài nǎlǐ? Where is the hospital? 她在医院工作。 Tā zài yīyuàn gōngzuò. She works at...
就 (jiù) — right away; as early as
就 (jiù) 就 is a timing adverb that conveys the sense of "right away," "as early as," or "already at that point." It emphasizes that something happens quickly, early, or with little delay. Meanings [adverb] Right away; immediately; as soon as. [adverb] Already (at an earlier-than-expected time). [adverb] Then; in that case (in conditional sentences). Example Sentences 我五点就起床了。 Wǒ wǔ diǎn jiù qǐchuáng le. I was up as early as...
稳定 (wěndìng) — stable; to stabilize
稳定 (wěndìng) 稳定 describes a state of being free from significant change, disruption, or fluctuation, and is used extensively in political, economic, social, and scientific contexts. Meanings [adjective] stable; steady; unchanged [verb] to stabilize; to make stable Example Sentences 政治稳定是经济持续发展的重要前提条件。 Zhèngzhì wěndìng shì jīngjì chíxù fāzhǎn de zhòngyào qiántí tiáojiàn. Political stability is an important prerequisite for sustained economic development. 这段时间股市波动较大，尚未恢复稳定。 Zhè duàn shíjiān gǔshì bōdòng jiào dà, shàng wèi...
谋划 (móuhuà) — to scheme; to plan strategically
谋划 (móuhuà) 谋划 means to plan carefully and strategically, often implying calculated, deliberate thought about how to achieve a significant goal -- it can be neutral (strategic planning) or subtly negative (scheming). Meanings [verb] to plan strategically; to scheme; to devise Example Sentences 领导层正在谋划公司下一阶段的发展战略。 Lǐngdǎocéng zhèngzài móuhuà gōngsī xià yī jiēduàn de fāzhǎn zhànlüè. The leadership is strategically planning the company's development strategy for the next phase. 他精心谋划了这次商业并购行动。 Tā jīngxīn...
创伤 (chuāngshāng) — trauma, wound
创伤 (chuāngshāng) 创伤 refers to both physical wounds and, increasingly, psychological trauma resulting from deeply distressing experiences. In medical contexts it means an injury or wound, while in psychology it refers to lasting emotional damage from events such as abuse, loss, or disaster. The word bridges the physical and emotional dimensions of suffering. Meanings noun trauma, wound; a physical injury or a deep psychological scar Example Sentences 战争给许多人留下了难以愈合的创伤。 Zhànzhēng gěi...
及时 (jíshí) — timely; in good time; promptly
及时 (jíshí) 及时 describes doing something at the right moment, without letting too much time pass, especially when prompt action is needed. Meanings [adj/adv] timely; in good time; promptly; without delay when the moment calls for it Example Sentences 发现问题后，要及时解决。 Fāxiàn wèntí hòu, yào jíshí jiějué. After discovering a problem, you must resolve it promptly. 幸好他及时赶到，阻止了事故发生。 Xìnghǎo tā jíshí gǎndào, zǔzhǐ le shìgù fāshēng. Fortunately he arrived in time to...
招募 (zhāomù) — to recruit; to enlist
招募 (zhāomù) 招募 means to actively seek and recruit people to join an organization, army, project, or cause, often through open calls or campaigns. Meanings [verb] to recruit; to enlist; to sign up (people for a cause, organization, or task) Example Sentences 这家科技公司正在全球范围内招募顶尖工程师，提供极具竞争力的薪资待遇。 Zhè jiā kējì gōngsī zhèngzài quánqiú fànwéi nèi zhāomù dǐngjiān gōngchéngshī, tígōng jí jù jìngzhēnglì de xīnzī dàiyù. This tech company is recruiting top engineers worldwide, offering...
框架 (kuàngjià) — framework, outline
框架 (kuàngjià) 框架 refers to a structural framework or outline that provides the basic organizing structure for a system, agreement, analysis, or construction, emphasizing the skeleton or boundary rather than the detailed content. Meanings [noun] framework, outline, skeleton structure [noun] frame (architectural or conceptual) Example Sentences 两国谈判已就合作协议的基本框架达成共识。 Liǎng guó tánpàn yǐ jiù hézuò xiéyì de jīběn kuàngjià dáchéng gòngshí. The negotiations between the two countries have reached consensus on the...
搜索引擎 (sōusuǒ yǐnqíng) — search engine
搜索引擎 (sōusuǒ yǐnqíng) 搜索引擎 means search engine, referring to internet services like Baidu (百度), Google, or Bing that index and retrieve web content. It is the standard term used in tech, education, and daily conversation. Meanings [noun] search engine; an online service that searches and ranks web content based on queries Example Sentences 百度是中国最常用的搜索引擎。 Bǎidù shì Zhōngguó zuì chángyòng de sōusuǒ yǐnqíng. Baidu is the most commonly used search engine...
国家 (guójiā) — country, nation
国家 (guójiā) 国家 means country or nation. 国 means "country/state" and 家 means "home/family," together conveying the idea of a nation as a collective home. Meanings [noun] Country, nation, state. Example Sentences 你的国家在哪里？ Nǐ de guójiā zài nǎlǐ? Where is your country? 中国是一个大国家。 Zhōngguó shì yīgè dà guójiā. China is a large country. 每个国家都有自己的文化。 Měigè guójiā dōu yǒu zìjǐ de wénhuà. Every country has its own culture. 他来自一个很小的国家。 Tā láizì...
压抑 (yāyì) — to suppress; oppressive
压抑 (yāyì) 压抑 describes the act of suppressing emotions or feelings, or the quality of an environment that feels stifling and oppressive, lacking freedom or relief. Meanings [verb] to suppress; to repress (emotions, desires) [adjective] oppressive; stifling; depressing (describing atmosphere or mood) Example Sentences 他一直压抑着内心的愤怒。 Tā yīzhí yāyì zhe nèixīn de fènnù. He has been suppressing the anger in his heart all along. 长期压抑情绪对健康有害。 Chángqī yāyì qíngxù duì jiànkāng yǒuhài....
不 (bù / bú) — not, no (negation)
不 (bù / bú) The primary negation word in Chinese. 不 negates actions in the present or future, habitual behaviors, states, and adjectives. It is pronounced bù in most contexts but changes to bú before fourth-tone syllables (tone sandhi). Meanings [adverb] Not. Negates verbs, adjectives, and auxiliary verbs in present, future, or general statements. 不 vs. 没: the critical distinction This is the most important grammar point for 不. Use...
尤其 (yóuqí) — especially; particularly; in particular
尤其 (yóuqí) 尤其 highlights one item or situation as standing out above others, equivalent to "especially" or "particularly" in English. Meanings [adverb] Especially; particularly; in particular (singles out one thing as most notable). Example Sentences 我喜欢中国菜，尤其是四川菜。 Wǒ xǐhuān Zhōngguó cài, yóuqí shì Sìchuān cài. I like Chinese food, especially Sichuan cuisine. 这里夏天很热，尤其是七月和八月。 Zhèlǐ xiàtiān hěn rè, yóuqí shì qīyuè hé bāyuè. It is very hot here in summer, particularly in...
翻 (fān) — to turn over; to flip through
翻 (fān) 翻 means to turn something over, flip through pages, or cross over a barrier such as a wall or mountain. Meanings [verb] to turn over; to flip; to browse through; to cross over Example Sentences 他翻了翻书，找到了那一页。 Tā fān le fān shū, zhǎodào le nà yī yè. He flipped through the book and found that page. 请翻到第三十页。 Qǐng fān dào dì sānshí yè. Please turn to page thirty. 孩子把桌上的东西都翻了一遍。...
本质 (běnzhì) — essence, nature
本质 (běnzhì) 本质 refers to the fundamental, underlying essence or true nature of something, as opposed to its surface appearance, often used in philosophical and analytical contexts to distinguish reality from appearance. Meanings [noun] essence, fundamental nature, true nature [adjective] essential, fundamental (in compound structures) Example Sentences 透过现象看本质，是哲学思考的基本要求。 Tòuguò xiànxiàng kàn běnzhì, shì zhéxué sīkǎo de jīběn yāoqiú. Looking through phenomena to see the essence is a basic requirement of...
多么 (duōme) — how; what a; so very
多么 (duōme) 多么 is an exclamation intensifier used to express strong emotion or admiration. It appears before an adjective in exclamatory sentences, often paired with 啊 at the end. It translates as "how," "what a," or "so very." It is not used in regular questions; use 多 (duō) for those: 你多高？(How tall are you?) Meanings [adverb] How; what a; so very. Used in exclamatory sentences to intensify the adjective that...
我很好 (wǒ hěn hǎo) — I am fine; I am well
我很好 (wǒ hěn hǎo) 我很好 means "I am fine" or "I am doing well." It is the most common response to the greeting 你好吗 (how are you?). Meanings [phrase] I am fine; I am well; I am doing great. Example Sentences A: 你好吗？ B: 我很好，谢谢！ A: Nǐ hǎo ma? B: Wǒ hěn hǎo, xièxiè! A: How are you? B: I am fine, thank you! 我很好，你呢？ Wǒ hěn hǎo, nǐ ne?...
信息 (xìnxī) — information
信息 (xìnxī) 信息 means information in a broad sense — data, news, messages, or any content that carries knowledge or updates. It is used widely in technology, media, and everyday communication. Meanings [noun] Information; news; data; message. Example Sentences 我在网上查到了很多有用的信息。 Wǒ zài wǎngshàng chádào le hěn duō yǒuyòng de xìnxī. I found a lot of useful information online. 请把这个信息告诉所有同学。 Qǐng bǎ zhège xìnxī gàosù suǒyǒu tóngxué. Please share this information...
保护 (bǎohù) — to protect; to safeguard
保护 (bǎohù) 保护 means to actively shield a person, animal, object, or environment from damage, harm, or loss. Meanings [verb] To protect, to safeguard, to preserve from harm. Example Sentences 政府出台了新的法律来保护濒危野生动物。 Zhèngfǔ chūtái le xīn de fǎlǜ lái bǎohù bīndāng yěshēng dòngwù. The government introduced new laws to protect endangered wildlife. 戴口罩是保护自己和他人不受病毒感染的有效方式。 Dài kǒuzhào shì bǎohù zìjǐ hé tārén bù shòu bìngdú gǎnrǎn de yǒuxiào fāngshì. Wearing a mask is...
公平 (gōngpíng) — fair, equitable
公平 (gōngpíng) 公平 refers to fairness and impartiality in treatment, opportunity, or judgment, where all parties are given equal consideration without bias. Meanings [adjective] fair, equitable, impartial [noun] fairness, equity Example Sentences 社会公平是构建和谐社会的重要基础。 Shèhuì gōngpíng shì gòujiàn héxié shèhuì de zhòngyào jīchǔ. Social equity is an important foundation for building a harmonious society. 比赛结果不公平，裁判明显偏向了一方。 Bǐsài jiéguǒ bù gōngpíng, cáipàn míngxiǎn piān xiàng le yī fāng. The competition result was unfair...
然而 (rán'ér) — However, yet, but
然而 (rán'ér) 然而 is a formal conjunction used to introduce a contrasting or unexpected statement, connecting two ideas where the second is in conflict with or different from the first. Meanings [conj] however; yet; but; nevertheless; nonetheless Example Sentences 他花了大量时间准备面试。然而，结果却令人失望。 Tā huāle dàliàng shíjiān zhǔnbèi miànshì. Rán'ér, jiéguǒ què lìng rén shīwàng. He spent a lot of time preparing for the interview. However, the result was disappointing. 科技的进步带来了许多便利。然而，它也引发了一些新的问题。 Kējì de...
保守的 (bǎoshǒu de) — conservative
保守的 (bǎoshǒu de) 保守的 describes attitudes, policies, or people that prefer established traditions, resist rapid change, or advocate for cautious approaches. In politics it refers to right-leaning or status-quo-oriented positions; more broadly it means "cautious" or "restrained." Meanings [adj] conservative; resistant to change; cautious; traditional; restrained Example Sentences 保守的政治立场通常强调传统价值观和社会稳定。 Bǎoshǒu de zhèngzhì lìchǎng tōngcháng qiángdiào chuántǒng jiàzhíguān hé shèhuì wěndìng. Conservative political positions typically emphasize traditional values and social stability....
平衡 (pínghéng) — balanced; to balance
平衡 (pínghéng) 平衡 means balance or equilibrium, and can be used as an adjective to describe a balanced state or as a verb meaning to balance or keep in balance. Meanings [adjective] balanced; in equilibrium [verb] to balance; to keep in balance Example Sentences 要保持工作和生活的平衡。 Yào bǎochí gōngzuò hé shēnghuó de pínghéng. It's important to maintain a balance between work and life. 他的饮食很平衡，每天吃不同种类的食物。 Tā de yǐnshí hěn pínghéng, měitiān chī...
权利 (quánlì) — right, entitlement
权利 (quánlì) 权利 refers to a right or entitlement that a person holds, whether legal, civil, or human. It is distinct from 权力 (quánlì with a different character), which means "power or authority." Meanings n right, entitlement, legal right Example Sentences 每个人都有受教育的权利。 Měi gè rén dōu yǒu shòu jiàoyù de quánlì. Everyone has the right to receive education. 公民的基本权利受到法律的保护。 Gōngmín de jīběn quánlì shòudào fǎlǜ de bǎohù. Citizens' basic rights...
次 (cì) — time; occurrence; order
次 (cì) 次 is the measure word for occurrences or instances of an action — equivalent to "time" as in "three times." It differs from 遍 (biàn), which emphasizes completing the full course of an action, while 次 simply counts how many times something happened. Meanings [measure word] Time; occurrence. Counts how many times an action takes place. [noun/adjective] Order; sequence; second (in rank). Used in compounds like 次序 (order)...
特征 (tèzhēng) — characteristic, feature
特征 (tèzhēng) 特征 refers to a distinctive characteristic or feature that identifies or distinguishes something, typically an observable or measurable quality that helps define what something is. Meanings [noun] characteristic, feature, distinguishing mark [noun] typical trait (that defines a category or type) Example Sentences 城镇化是现代社会发展的重要特征之一。 Chéngzhèn huà shì xiàndài shèhuì fāzhǎn de zhòng yào tèzhēng zhī yī. Urbanization is one of the important characteristics of modern social development. 这种植物最显著的特征是它鲜艳的红色叶片。 Zhè...
推断 (tuīduàn) — to infer, to deduce
推断 (tuīduàn) 推断 means to infer or deduce — to arrive at a conclusion through logical reasoning from available evidence or information. It implies that the conclusion is not directly observed but derived through inference. It is used in academic analysis, legal reasoning, detective work, and everyday problem-solving when conclusions must be drawn from incomplete information. Meanings [v] to infer; to deduce; to draw conclusions through reasoning [v] to surmise;...
团队 (tuánduì) — team; group
团队 (tuánduì) 团队 refers to a group of people who work together, coordinate their efforts, and share a common objective. Meanings [noun] Team; group; collective working unit. Example Sentences 我们的团队由来自五个国家的人组成。 Wǒmen de tuánduì yóu lái zì wǔ gè guójiā de rén zǔchéng. Our team is made up of people from five countries. 良好的团队合作是成功的关键。 Liánghǎo de tuánduì hézuò shì chénggōng de guānjiàn. Good teamwork is the key to success. 她是团队里最有经验的成员。 Tā...