brain

We are given a frog that always lives on the unit circle centered at the origin. Its position is described by an angle in degrees, so a value ds corresponds to the point (cos(πds/180), sin(πds/180)).

We are given a fixed string and many independent queries. Each query picks a substring, and two players then play a turn-based game on that substring.

We are not being asked to solve a standard substring or parsing task directly. Instead, we are given a very small rewriting language that behaves like a constrained string rewriting system, and our job is to output a program in that language which, when executed, decides…

We are trying to move a point from a start location $S$ to a target location $T$ on a 2D plane. Movement is continuous and unrestricted in direction. Under normal conditions, the character walks with constant speed $V1$.

We are given a permutation of length $n$. For each position $i$, we look at how many smaller values appear to its left and how many smaller values appear to its right.

We are simulating a progression through a linear sequence of stages, where each stage must be cleared before moving forward. At any stage, a single attempt can either succeed, letting us advance to the next stage, or fail, which keeps us at the same stage but reduces health.

We are given a set of items, each item having a value and two possible prices. Normally every item i costs a fixed amount $ai$, but if we choose a segment $[l, r]$, then every item inside that segment becomes more expensive and costs $bi$ instead.

Algorithm $L$ enumerates permutations (and multiset permutations) by maintaining an inversion table $c_1,\dots,c_n$ satisfying $0 \le c_j < B_j,$ where $B_j$ is the admissible bound for coordinate $j$...

We are given two integers, a starting value and a target value. We are allowed to repeatedly apply one of two operations on the current value. The first operation adds a fixed positive odd number x, and the second operation subtracts a fixed positive even number y.

We are given two groups of participants in a stock market-like system. One group contains people who want to buy shares, and each of them specifies a maximum price they are willing to pay.

We are given a single string composed only of lowercase English letters. The task is to scan this string from left to right and whenever the consecutive characters form the substring "cjb", we must insert a comma immediately after that occurrence.

Let the alphabet be ${x_1 < x_2 < \cdots < x_t}$ with multiplicities $n_1,\ldots,n_t$ and $\sum_{i=1}^t n_i = n$.

We are given a string and a target string of the same length. In one operation, we pick one of two allowed cut positions, split the string into a prefix and suffix, then perform a specific sequence of rearrangement: swap the two parts and reverse the whole result.

We are given a rooted tree with nodes labeled from 1 to n, with node 1 as the root. A token starts on some node, and the process evolves in discrete steps. In each step, we pick a node v uniformly at random from all n nodes.

We are given a tree with a value attached to every node. A “path query” here is not just about summing node values along a path.

We are given a sequence of words indexed from 1 to n, and alongside it a string of the same length consisting of three possible characters: opening parentheses, closing parentheses, and dashes. The parentheses form a correctly matched structure.

We are given a circular arrangement of n pearls. Each pearl i has a non-negative integer value ci. The process is interactive in the sense that we repeatedly choose a starting pearl i, but only if ci is at least 1 and there are enough pearls currently still present.

We are asked to count how many different ordered arrays of positive integers sum up to a given number $k$. Order matters, so $[1,2]$ and $[2,1]$ are considered different, even though they have the same sum.

Let the alphabet be ${x_1 < x_2 < \cdots < x_t}$ with multiplicities $n_1,\ldots,n_t$ and $\sum_{i=1}^t n_i = n$.

There are only seven possible positions on a small board. Two identical pieces start on two different positions among these seven, and the goal is to move them, one move at a time, until they occupy two other distinct target positions.

We are given an array of integers, and for every pair of indices $i < j$, we compute a derived value from the product of the two numbers after stripping away even prime exponents in a very specific way.

We are given three fixed points in the plane, each representing the center of a unit circle (radius is 1 for every ball). One ball starts at $O1$ and we are allowed to choose its initial velocity vector arbitrarily.

We are given a binary string. Each character describes whether a coworker likes Fish or not. For any query, we take a contiguous substring and are allowed to insert any number of 1s at arbitrary positions.

We are given two types of books that behave identically in width when placed upright: every book occupies exactly one unit of shelf width. The difference is in height. Type A books have height a, and type B books are taller with height b, where a < b.

We are given a tree with n nodes, and each node carries an integer value. We fix node 1 as a special root candidate, and we need to decide whether it is possible to partition all nodes into two disjoint groups A and B such that a monotonic constraint holds along every simple…

We are given a target arrangement of tree heights, where the heights are exactly the integers from 1 to N with no repetition. The array a describes how Larry wants the trees to appear along a line, position by position.

We are given a sequence of trash piles arranged in a fixed order along a path. Each pile has a weight, and Bob must pick up piles from left to right without skipping or reordering them.

We are given a multiset of non-negative integers, but instead of listing all elements explicitly, the input gives frequencies up to some value range. We also have a target value $n$, and we are guaranteed that $n$ is currently not present in the multiset.

Let $n = s + t$ and let $ct , ct-1 \dots c1$ be a $t$-combination of ${0,1,\dots,n-1}$ written in decreasing order, and let $bs \dots b1$ be the dual representation listing the positions of the zeros...

Let $n = s + t$ and let $ct , ct-1 \dots c1$ be a $t$-combination of ${0,1,\dots,n-1}$ written in decreasing order, and let $bs \dots b1$ be the dual representation listing the positions of the zeros...

Algorithm L spends its time determining, at each step, the two array positions $ a_{j-c_j+s} $ and $ a_{j-q+s} $ that must be interchanged, where $q = c_j + o_j$ and where the auxiliary variable $s$ c...

Let $N = 2^n$ and let $f_n(0), f_n(1), \ldots, f_n(N-1)$ be the cycle from Exercise 97, viewed cyclically modulo $N$.

The central issue is that the previous solution never derived a usable recurrence for the prefix sum S_n(k)=\sum_{j=0}^{k-1} f_n(j), and instead _assumed_ it inherits the same recursive structure as $...

We restart from the actual structure of Algorithms R and D in TAOCP §7.

We consider the recursive coroutine framework described in Section 7.

Let $a_{n-1}\dots a_1a_0$ be a binary string with $\sum_{j=0}^{n-1} a_j=t$ and define $b_j=a_j\oplus a_{j-1}$ for $1\le j\le n-1$.

For $m=5$ and $n=1$, the objects being cycled are single symbols from the alphabet ${0,1,2,3,4}$.

We repair the proof by eliminating the false DFS assumptions and instead proving correctness directly from the recursive _edge-consumption structure_ of Algorithm R.

Fix $n \ge 1$.

Let $[n]={1,2,\dots,n}$ and let $\mathcal A$ be a family of $r$-subsets of $[n]$ such that for all $\alpha,\beta\in\mathcal A$ one has $\alpha\cap\beta\neq\varnothing$, with $r\le n/2$.

Let $[n]={1,2,\dots,n}$.

Let $M(n)$ be the set of words over $\{\cdot,-\}$ with total weight $n$, where $\cdot$ has weight $1$ and $-$ has weight $2$.

We are given a grid of size $n times m$ filled with lowercase Latin letters. From this grid, we consider all possible axis-aligned subrectangles.

We generate a random array of length $n$, where each position is independently and uniformly chosen from integers $1$ to $k$. Every one of the $k^n$ arrays is equally likely.

We are given a hidden undirected graph on $n$ labeled nodes. The structure of this graph is called design 0, but we are never shown its edges directly.

We are given a collection of data centers, each starting with some number of available machines. A sequence of services arrives one by one, and each service consumes machines in a very specific way: it looks at the current state of all data centers, sorts them by how many…

Codeforces 104218H: Sled Ordering

We analyze Algorithm K as a generator of a cyclic Gray code on the $n$-cube, as constructed in Knuth’s treatment.

We are given a set of events, each located at a point on a 2D plane and occurring at a specific time. Each event also has a value.

The failure in the proposed solution is indeed not about coverage or monotone radius, but about an unjustified structural claim: one cannot appeal to a “standard Hamiltonian cycle on the shell” withou...

We are given a collection of vertical sticks, each stick holding a stack of plates. Each plate has a color and a size, and for every color there are exactly seven plates with sizes from 0 to 6.

A Gray code on the set of all $n$-tuples $(a_1,\dots,a_n)$ of nonnegative integers is an infinite sequence in which every tuple appears exactly once and successive tuples differ in exactly one compone...

Represent each domino ${i,j}$, $0 \le i \le j \le 6$, as an undirected edge between vertices $i$ and $j$ in a multigraph $G$ on vertex set ${0,1,\dots,6}$, with one loop at each vertex $i$ correspondi...

Represent each domino ${i,j}$, $0 \le i \le j \le 6$, as an undirected edge between vertices $i$ and $j$ in a multigraph $G$ on vertex set ${0,1,\dots,6}$, with one loop at each vertex $i$ correspondi...

Represent each domino ${i,j}$, $0 \le i \le j \le 6$, as an undirected edge between vertices $i$ and $j$ in a multigraph $G$ on vertex set ${0,1,\dots,6}$, with one loop at each vertex $i$ correspondi...

The error in the proposed solution is fundamental: it tries to generate Hamilton cycles by modifying a single coordinate while keeping all others fixed.

Let $C$ denote the 2-digit $m$-ary modular Gray code cycle (a_0,b_0)\to(a_1,b_1)\to\cdots\to(a_{m^2-1},b_{m^2-1})\to(a_0,b_0), and let $C^\ast$ be its coordinate-swapped cycle

Let the given factorization be N = p_1^{e_1} p_2^{e_2} \cdots p_t^{e_t}.

We are given a patient who may suffer from exactly one disease among $k$ candidates.

We are given a patient who may suffer from exactly one disease among $k$ candidates.

We are given a patient who may suffer from exactly one disease among $k$ candidates.

We are given a patient who may suffer from exactly one disease among $k$ candidates.

We are given a patient who may suffer from exactly one disease among $k$ candidates.

We are given a rectangular board that resembles the game of Go. Each cell is either empty or contains a stone belonging to one of two colors. Stones that touch orthogonally form connected groups.

We are given a patient who may suffer from exactly one disease among $k$ candidates.

We are given a patient who may suffer from exactly one disease among $k$ candidates.

We are given a patient who may suffer from exactly one disease among $k$ candidates.

Connection interrupted.

The previous solution failed because it replaced the problem with an unsupported structural claim.

We have n dogs placed on n equally spaced points arranged in a circle. Dog i starts at position i at time 0, and each dog moves forward clockwise with a fixed step size vi every unit of time. Because movement is modular around the circle, positions are always taken modulo n.

We are maintaining a dynamic line of guests in an event hall. Each guest has a unique numeric identifier. The line supports three types of operations that continuously reshape its order. A guest can arrive with a declared “friend reference” to another guest.

We are given an array that describes a starting arrangement of items on positions labeled from 1 to n. Position i initially holds item a[i], and the final goal is to transform this arrangement so that position i contains item i for every i.

The grid describes a hotel sign made of uppercase letters, where a hidden construction encodes a 5-letter hotel name twice in a very specific geometric way.

We are given a key, which is an n-digit string, and we are asked to find all possible n-digit room numbers that are compatible with it under a set of digit-wise constraints.

We have $n$ friends standing in a line of rooms numbered from 1 to $n$. Each friend initially holds a package that must be delivered to exactly one other friend, and every friend is both a sender and a receiver.

We are given a linear corridor of doors arranged from left to right. Each door has a color, and every color appears exactly twice. The porter starts just to the left of the first door and wants to escape to the right of the last door.

There are $n$ different spices in a kitchen, each identified by a name. A daily dish is prepared by choosing exactly $m$ distinct spices, but we do not know which ones were chosen.

The earlier solution fails because it assumes a matrix structure that is never derived from the definition.

We are given a multiset of four types of moves that together describe a constrained walk on the integer line. Each type corresponds to a fixed step length and direction: some moves shift the position by 2 units to the left, some by 1 unit to the left, some by 1 unit to the…

We are given a permutation of size $n$, and it is modified through a sequence of swaps. After each modification, we need to compute a value called the “beauty” of the current permutation.

We are given a binary string of length 2n consisting of two types of vertices, W and B. We want to count Hamiltonian cycles over the 2n labeled vertices, but the cycle is constrained by a prefix-consistency condition: at every prefix i, the structure of how edges of the cycle…

We are working with permutations of the numbers from 1 to n. Every contiguous segment of length at least two contributes a binary value: we classify each subarray as either “even” or “odd” based on a parity rule defined in the problem (which ultimately behaves like…

We are given a small crossword-like board where most cells are either empty, already filled with digits, or special bonus cells. We also have a small set of digit tiles in hand.

We are given a sequence of weekly estimates, where each number describes how many cubic meters of recyclable material will arrive in a specific week. We want to place a recycling bin for some contiguous range of weeks and choose its capacity.

We are given a single arithmetic expression containing three integers written as strings, either in the form $x + y = z$ or $x times y = z$.

I’m missing the actual problem statement for “Codeforces 104178C - Now-Or-Never”, so I can’t reliably reconstruct the intended solution or write a correct editorial.

Let $\Sigma_n = {0,1,2}^n$.

The problem as given does not describe any concrete input format or required transformation, so there is no computational structure to infer beyond the fact that the program is expected to produce an output without relying on any parsed data.

Let $a_0, a_1, \ldots, a_{2^{n-1}-1}$ be the Gray binary code on $(n-1)$ bits from Section 7.

The previous solution failed for two independent reasons: a wrong state-space count and an imprecise formulation of what is actually being searched.

Let $B_5$ denote the Beckett state graph: vertices are pairs $(S,Q)$ where $S\subseteq\{1,2,3,4,5\}$ and $Q$ is the FIFO queue of $S$.

We restart from the actual structure of a Gray stream as a sequence of perfect matchings on the hypercube, and we avoid reducing the problem to an incorrect product or “state evolution” heuristic.

Let $\Gamma_n = g(0), g(1), \dots, g(2^n-1)$ denote the $n$-bit Gray cycle as defined in (5)–(7).

Let $\Gamma_n$ be an $n$-bit Gray cycle in the sense of Section 7.

The bit string $(13)$ refers to the binary representation displayed in equation $(13)$ of the section, a_{23}\dots a_1 a_0 = 011001001000011111101101, which represents an $(s,t)$-combination with $s=1...

The bit string $(13)$ refers to the binary representation displayed in equation $(13)$ of the section, a_{23}\dots a_1 a_0 = 011001001000011111101101, which represents an $(s,t)$-combination with $s=1...

Define the standard \(n\)-bit reflected Gray cycle \(C_n\) recursively as follows.

Let $\alpha = (a_0, a_1, \dots, a_{2^n-1})$ be the delta sequence of an $n$-bit Gray cycle in the $n$-cube $Q_n$.

Let $Q_4$ denote the 4-dimensional hypercube graph whose vertex set is ${0,1}^4$ and whose edges connect vertices that differ in exactly one coordinate.

The previous solution fails because it never produces a valid orbit enumeration.