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HSK 4 | noun | money spent or charged for a service or activity

地 (chi/ji/): ground. JLPT N5 kanji.

Sindarin's Celtic origins, how Tolkien built place names from roots, and analysis of 25+ famous Middle-earth place names.

I’m sorry, but I can’t reliably produce a correct full editorial and solution for this 3200-rated problem from the information currently available to me.

HSK 6 | n | the forefront or leading edge of a field; a front line position

友 (friend): 4 strokes, JLPT N5. On: ユウ. Kun: とも.

HSK 3 | adjective | strong, powerful, capable — describes strength or superiority

HSK 1 | adjective | expensive, costly, precious

HSK 5 | verb | to talk someone into something; to win someone over

HSK 1 | noun/verb | learning or studying; the act of acquiring knowledge

HSK 3 | adjective | widely recognized; renowned

N1 grammar: classical auxiliary ごとし expressing literary simile ('like / as though'). Used in literary prose, proverbs, and formal descriptive writing.

HSK 1 | noun | airplane, aircraft

HSK 5 | noun / verb | proposition, thesis, problem; to set a topic or exam question

Learn the 6 Latin cases, their functions, and the complete first declension paradigm with worked examples.

Essential Japanese vocabulary for illness, medicine, hospitals, exercise, nutrition. N1 level reference with readings, romaji, and examples.

HSK 5 | adjective/noun | emotional; driven by feeling; perceptual (as opposed to rational)

HSK 1 | noun | student, pupil

HSK 4 | conjunction | expressing unconditional situations

HSK 4 | adjective | something that must exist or be done

HSK 3 | noun | a multi-storey building, or a floor within one

続ける (つづける / tsuzukeru): to continue. N4 level Japanese vocabulary.

HSK 5 | verb / noun | to deduce; to draw a conclusion from evidence

HSK 4 | verb | to hold an opinion or belief about something

HSK 3 | noun | medicine, medication, drug

Japanese time vocabulary: days of the week, months, seasons, clock time, time expressions, and relative time words.

必要な (ひつような / hitsuyou na): necessary, needed. N4 level Japanese vocabulary.

HSK 5 | verb/adjective | to be tangled up; to agonise, feel conflicted

HSK 5 | noun | a specific article or provision within a contract, law, or agreement

月 (getsu/gatsu/tsuki): moon. JLPT N5 kanji.

HSK 5 | verb/noun | to motivate or inspire someone to greater effort; motivation

HSK 1 | number | the digit six; considered lucky in Chinese culture

The document can be viewed as a vertical stack of rows, where each row has a fixed length and the cursor always sits at some coordinate inside this grid.

HSK 5 | noun | the financial gain remaining after subtracting all costs from revenue

だんだん (だんだん / dandan): gradually. N4 level Japanese vocabulary.

Master the dual use of 〜ため(に): purpose ('in order to') vs. cause ('because of / due to') — one of the most important distinctions at N3.

HSK 4 | verb / noun | to complete a course of study and graduate

HSK 4 | verb/noun | to oversee, administer, or control people or resources

We are given two long binary strings, a and b. Each query selects a substring of a and a substring of b, both with the same length, and asks for their Hamming distance. The Hamming distance between two binary strings is simply the number of positions where the bits differ.

HSK 3 | adjective | fierce, severe, formidable, impressive — colloquial praise or warning

HSK 5 | noun | a biological preparation used to provide immunity against a disease

技術 (ぎじゅつ / gijutsu): technology, skill. N4 level Japanese vocabulary.

We have a game with levels numbered from 1 to n. Little X can complete some subset of these levels, and Little Y can complete another subset. They decide to cooperate, which means a level is considered passable if at least one of them can complete it.

HSK 3 | adjective / noun | safe, secure; safety, security

HSK 4 | noun | an aim or destination one works toward

Essential Japanese vocabulary for rooms, furniture, household items, chores, daily routines. N1 level reference with readings, romaji, and examples.

HSKK advanced patterns, spoken coherence strategies, and the pragmatics of formal spoken Chinese at C1 level

A dinner is represented as a sequence of flowers. A red flower contributes length 1, while white flowers are special: they may only appear in contiguous groups of exactly k flowers.

HSK 4 | noun | facts and figures collected for analysis

HSK 3 | noun | luggage, baggage, travel bags

HSK 5 | noun | the fundamental, underlying nature or essence of something

八 (hachi/yat-tsu): eight. JLPT N5 kanji.

人 (person): 2 strokes, JLPT N5. On: ジン、ニン. Kun: ひと.

HSK 6 | verb | to make clear, to illuminate the meaning of something complex

古 (ko/furu-i): old. JLPT N5 kanji.

HSK 4 | verb / noun | to formally apply for something; an application

HSK 2 | noun/locative | outside, exterior, beyond (contrast with 内)

HSK 2 | verb + result complement | indicates work is done thoroughly and to a good standard

HSK 5 | verb | to produce; to cause; to arise

HSK 4 | verb/adjective | to coordinate; harmonious

HSK 1 | measure word | classifier for flat, sheet-like objects

HSK 4 | phrase | there is no need; it is unnecessary

白 (haku/byaku/shiro): white. JLPT N5 kanji.

HSK 3 | adverb | referring to an original state or natural expectation

HSK 2 | adjective/noun | warm-hearted, enthusiastic, passion

HSK 6 | n/v | the blending or integration of different elements into a unified whole

Complete N2 kanji reference: 633 new kanji beyond N3, organized by radical/theme. Readings, meanings, compound words, and common confusion pairs.

HSK 3 | noun | situation, condition, circumstances — the state of affairs at a given moment

We are given a sorted set of marks on a number line from 0 to a length l, where each mark is an integer position. Some marks already exist, including the endpoints 0 and l. Using these marks, we can measure any distance that equals the difference between two existing marks.

HSK 3 | noun | an umbrella used to shelter from rain

古 (old): 5 strokes, JLPT N5. On: コ. Kun: ふる-い、ふる-す.

HSK 5 | noun/verb | a clash of opposing forces, interests, or ideas

HSK 3 | noun | a financial institution; a bank

HSK 3 | verb | to feel or think something subjectively

HSK 1 | adverb | indicates that an action or state has been completed before the moment of speaking

HSK 4 | noun | a fixed deadline or time limit for completing something

母 (mother): 5 strokes, JLPT N5. On: ボ. Kun: はは.

HSK 4 | noun | opponent, rival, competitor

Form yes/no questions with ĉu, use wh-questions fluently, and express, agree with, and politely challenge opinions.

HSK 4 | noun | the range or scope of something

HSK 3 | adjective | suitable, appropriate, fitting — describes a good match

A comprehensive guide to UEA, TEJO, Pasporta Servo, Esperanto's international institutional life, official exams, and the language of Esperanto organizations.

長 (long, chief): 8 strokes, JLPT N5. On: チョウ. Kun: なが-い、おさ.

HSK 1 | adjective | handsome, cool, good-looking (usually men)

HSK 1 | noun | door, gate, entrance

HSK 2 | preposition | marks the starting point of movement, time, or a sequence

HSK 3 | adjective/adverb | paying close attention to detail

HSK 4 | noun | a personal position or way of looking at something

HSK 3 | adjective | feeling the need to sleep

HSK 3 | noun | soup, broth, hot liquid dish

Mastering professional Chinese translation: register equivalence, cultural default, domestication and foreignization.

HSK 5 | verb/noun | to discuss and reach agreement through mutual consultation

朝 (chou/asa): morning. JLPT N5 kanji.

HSK 1 | measure word | general classifier for people and objects

Develop strategies for comprehending and taking notes from Chinese academic lectures, including key vocabulary for academic oral communication.

HSK 5 | conjunction | thus; thereby; consequently; so as to

HSK 5 | noun | financial or physical assets; wealth owned by a person or entity

HSK 5 | noun | a broadcast or online channel for content delivery

HSK 4 | adverb / conjunction | introducing an example or illustration