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HSK 4 | verb / noun | sharing ideas, experiences, or information between parties

Complete hiragana chart with all 46 base characters, 25 dakuten/handakuten variants, 33 combination characters, romaji, stroke counts, and learning mnemonics.

HSK 3 | noun | an obligation one is accountable for; a duty that must be fulfilled

HSK 3 | verb / noun | to require, to demand, to request; a requirement, demand, request

HSK 4 | noun | family member, family

HSK 3 | noun | an unintended harmful event or accident

HSK 3 | noun | the proper or logical sequence in which things are arranged

We are given a tree with n nodes, where each edge has a positive length. A tree guarantees that there is exactly one simple path between any two nodes.

HSK 3 | noun / verb | rule, regulation; to stipulate or establish a rule

HSK 1 | verb | to sit, to take (a vehicle)

HSK 4 | verb/noun | to make a prediction or forecast about a future event

HSK 2 | noun | one of the four seasons of the year

HSK 4 | noun | the fundamental nature or essence of something

All 181 new N4 kanji with stroke counts, on-yomi, kun-yomi, meanings, and example words. Cumulative total with N5: 284 kanji.

HSK 5 | noun | personal information or matters that one wishes to keep from others

HSK 4 | noun / adjective | mistake; error; wrong; incorrect

JLPT N4 kanji 練 — readings, vocabulary, stroke order, mnemonic, and common confusion pairs.

HSK 4 | adjective | based on personal feelings rather than facts

HSK 1 | adverb / adjective | intensifier meaning really or genuinely

Consolidate the complete map of Esperanto mastery: competency inventory, grammar reference, vocabulary domains, the denaskulo question, and the path beyond C2.

JLPT N4 kanji 公 — readings, vocabulary, stroke order, mnemonic, and common confusion pairs.

HSK 4 | adverb | describing a pattern that tends to occur regularly

HSK 1 | noun | money, cash

二 (ni/futa-tsu): two. JLPT N5 kanji.

HSK 5 | adverb | used to single out something as standing out above others

〜と言う: JLPT N4 grammar pattern. Usage, structure, examples, and comparison with similar patterns.

HSK 5 | conjunction | introduces a contrast or unexpected turn; however

HSK 4 | noun | a mechanism or organized system for how something works

HSK 5 | verb/noun | to strive against others for a goal; rivalry

HSK 3 | adverb / noun | usually, ordinarily — during normal or ordinary times

The Sindarin -as/-ias suffix for forming abstract nouns: converting adjectives and nouns to concepts — with all attested examples and Neo-Sindarin applications.

Creating Sindarin personal names: masculine and feminine name elements, patronymics, epithets, and the naming traditions of Tolkien's Elves.

HSK 5 | conjunction | used to add supplementary information

We have a line of children. Child i wants a[i] candies in total. Every time a child reaches the front of the line, they receive exactly m candies. If the child has still not received enough candies after that distribution, they move to the back of the line.

三 (three): 3 strokes, JLPT N5. On: サン. Kun: み、み-つ、みっ-つ.

Roland wants to place n watch towers on a 2D integer grid around a rose at the origin so that the sum of squared distances between all pairs of towers is maximized. Each tower must lie within or on a circle of radius r centered at (0,0).

N1 grammar pattern 〜もさることながら: 'not to mention ~, of course ~, but even more so ~' — acknowledging one quality before introducing something more notable.

HSK 1 | verb, preposition | to use, to employ, with (using)

HSK 5 | noun | a computer or system that provides data or services to other computers over a network

HSK 5 | adjective | favoring reform and social change; forward-thinking

The task is to evaluate a simple arithmetic expression of the form a?b where a and b are integers between 1 and 999, and ? is a single operator from the set +, -, , /, or %.

HSK 4 | verb / noun | to understand or comprehend something deeply

Learn how to greet people, say your name, and ask where someone is from using 是 and 吗.

HSK 3 | noun | culture, civilization — the shared customs, arts, and knowledge of a society

Learn how to use 〜わけにはいかない (wake ni wa ikanai) to express social or moral impossibility — 'can't do; must not do; it wouldn't be right to.' Includes structure, nuance, examples, and comparisons.

来 (come): 7 strokes, JLPT N5. On: ライ. Kun: く-る、き-たる.

年 (nen/toshi): year. JLPT N5 kanji.

HSK 1 | number | the digit eight; the luckiest number in Chinese culture

HSK 5 | verb/adjective | to restrain oneself, to exercise self-control

HSK 4 | noun | thinking; thought; way of thinking

HSK 6 | verb | to weigh up options carefully; to balance competing considerations

HSK 5 | conjunction | as a result; causing; so that (introducing a negative consequence)

HSK 3 | preposition / noun | based on, according to; a basis or grounds

HSK 3 | verb | indicating the origin or source of something

Regular and irregular comparative and superlative adjectives, formation of comparative and superlative adverbs, and ablative of comparison vs. quam.

The 200 most frequent Latin words from the Dickinson College Commentaries core list. Learn all 200 before moving to Band 2.

HSK 4 | noun | journalist; reporter; correspondent

北 (ホク/きた): north. JLPT N5 essential kanji.

HSK 4 | noun/adj | an established measure or criterion used for comparison or judgment

あまり (あまり / amari): not very (+ negative). N4 level Japanese vocabulary.

HSK 4 | verb / noun / adverb | applying sustained energy and determination

HSK 3 | noun / adjective | difficulty, hardship; difficult, hard

HSK 5 | conjunction / adverb | conversely, on the other hand, otherwise

HSK 1 | verb | to walk, to go, to leave

HSK 1 | pronoun/determiner | near demonstrative, referring to things close by

魚 (ギョ/さかな・うお): fish. JLPT N5 essential kanji.

HSK 4 | verb | to investigate the unknown with curiosity and intent

終わる (おわる / owaru): to finish, end. N4 level Japanese vocabulary.

HSK 1 | pronoun | third-person singular feminine pronoun

水 (sui/mizu): water. JLPT N5 kanji.

HSK 3 | adjective | feeling satisfied or pleased with something

HSK 3 | adjective | simple, easy, uncomplicated, plain

N1 grammar: classical formal expression 〜いかんによらず/〜いかんにかかわらず meaning 'regardless of the nature/circumstances of X.' Used in legal texts, regulations, and formal announcements.

HSK 4 | noun | a written or digital record containing information

HSK 4 | adjective | having all necessary parts and nothing missing or damaged

Learn third declension consonant stems, neuter nouns, and i-stems with their distinctive endings.

HSK 4 | adjective | having a sharp, burning flavor from spices or chili

HSK 1 | number | the digit ten; the base unit of the decimal system in Chinese

Esperanto vocabulary for feelings, emotions, personality traits, and character descriptions.

HSK 4 | adjective | consistently performing well and worthy of trust

We are given the beauty values of n flowers. We must choose exactly two flowers. Among all possible pairs, we are interested only in pairs whose beauty difference is as large as possible.

HSK 5 | verb | to launch; to introduce; to put forward

HSK 5 | noun | the ability to recover from adversity and adapt to challenges

HSK 4 | noun | conclusion reached after analysis or deliberation

Complete guide to spaced repetition for Mandarin Chinese: Anki setup, optimal settings, what to put in SRS, Pleco integration, Skritter, and daily habit tips.

東 (トウ/ひがし): east. JLPT N5 essential kanji.

HSK 3 | noun | environment, surroundings — the physical or social context around you

Master topic-comment sentence structure and topic-introducing expressions like 说到, 关于, and 对于 at B1 level.

HSK 4 | adjective / verb | thorough and deep; to go deep into something

HSK 3 | noun | a person who lives next door or nearby

HSK 5 | noun | cultural cultivation, personal literacy, core competency

HSK 3 | pronoun / adjective | referring to remaining or different items

HSK 3 | verb | to accept or confirm something as true

Master the full correlative system with accusative, plural, stacked, and free-choice forms, plus result clauses and temporal subordinators.

HSK 1 | verb | to run, to jog

HSK 5 | verb | to construct; to build (a system, framework, or relationship)

HSK 3 | noun | areas outside cities where farming is the main activity

Master Chinese numbers, measure words, and how to ask quantities with 几 and 多少.

Master Sindarin pronunciation: all 6 vowels with IPA, 6 diphthongs, key consonant digraphs (ch, dh, th, lh, rh), and the stress rule system.

HSK 5 | verb | to refute forcefully; to rebuke