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tamnd's digital brain — notes, problems, research

43815 notes

Lesson 13: Work and Daily Life

Talk about professions, workplaces, daily schedules, and professional life using past, present, and future tenses together.

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价值观 (jiàzhíguān) — values, value system

HSK 5 | noun | a person's or society's set of moral and ethical values

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退化 (tuìhuà) — degeneration; to degenerate; to deteriorate

HSK 5 | verb/noun | biological or metaphorical decline to a lower or weaker state

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流行病 (liúxíngbìng) — epidemic, pandemic

HSK 4 | noun | a widespread outbreak of infectious disease

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Sindarin Pronouns

Sindarin personal pronouns: subject, object, and possessive forms — with worked examples from attested texts.

sindaringrammarpronounstolkien
主动 (zhǔdòng) — active; take initiative

HSK 3 | adjective / adverb | acting on one's own initiative without being asked

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问题 (wèntí) — question, problem, issue

HSK 2 | noun | a question to ask, a problem to solve

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被动 (bèidòng) — passive; reactive

HSK 4 | adjective | being passive or acted upon rather than acting

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热力学 (rèlìxué) — thermodynamics

HSK 8 | noun | thermodynamics; the branch of physics dealing with heat and energy

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Education & Learning

Esperanto vocabulary for school, university, subjects, learning, and academic life.

esperantovocabularyeducationschoollearning
友 — JLPT N5 Kanji

友 (yuu/tomo): friend. JLPT N5 kanji.

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注意 (zhùyì) — to pay attention

HSK 3 | verb / noun | to pay attention to, be careful about; attention

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害怕 (hàipà) — to be afraid

HSK 3 | verb | to be afraid, to fear, to be scared

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能力 (nénglì) — ability

HSK 3 | noun | ability, capability, skill, capacity

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JLPT N4 Lesson 9: Noun Modification and Nominalizers

Master Japanese noun modification through relative clauses (plain form + noun), 〜という + noun, and the critical nominalizers 〜の and 〜こと. Learn 〜ところ, ことがある (experience/possibility), ことにする, and ことになる.

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政策 (zhèngcè) — policy; government policy

HSK 4 | noun | an official course of action adopted by a government or organization

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预防 (yùfáng) — prevention; to prevent

HSK 4 | noun/verb | taking action in advance to stop something bad from happening

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互相 (hùxiāng) — mutually; each other; one another

HSK 4 | adverb | describing reciprocal actions between parties

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阶段 (jiēduàn) — stage; phase; period

HSK 4 | noun | a distinct phase or stage in a process or development

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麻醉 (mázuì) — to anesthetize

HSK 7 | verb | induction of temporary loss of sensation or consciousness for surgical procedures

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伝える (つたえる) — Japanese Vocabulary

伝える (つたえる / tsutaeru): to convey, tell. N4 level Japanese vocabulary.

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回答 (huídá) — to answer

HSK 3 | verb / noun | to answer, to reply; an answer, a response

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参考 (cānkǎo) — to refer to; reference

HSK 3 | verb/noun | to consult or use as a reference

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系统 (xìtǒng) — system; systematic

HSK 5 | noun/adjective | system; systematic, comprehensive

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中文 (Zhōngwén) — Chinese (written/general)

HSK 1 | noun | Chinese language, written Chinese

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外在 (wàizài) — external; outward

HSK 5 | adjective | external, outward, superficial (as opposed to internal)

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N4 Kanji: 郵 (Mail, Post)

JLPT N4 kanji 郵 — readings, vocabulary, stroke order, mnemonic, and common confusion pairs.

japanesen4jlptkanjilanguage-learning
房间 (fángjiān) — room

HSK 1 | noun | room (inside a building)

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妹妹 (mèimei) — younger sister

HSK 1 | noun | one's younger sister

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辛苦 (xīnkǔ) — hard; toilsome; to work hard

HSK 3 | adjective / verb | describing hard, tiring work; also used to thank someone for their effort

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顾客 (gùkè) — customer / client

HSK 3 | noun | a customer who visits a shop or uses a service

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Lesson 14: Feelings & Emotions

Express a full range of emotions in Chinese using 感到, 让我, and a rich vocabulary of emotional states.

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物联网 (wù lián wǎng) — Internet of Things (IoT)

HSK 5 | noun | the network of physical devices connected to and communicating via the internet

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CF 452A - Eevee

We are given a partially filled crossword slot and asked to identify which of Eevee's evolutions fits it. The input specifies the length of the word and a string pattern using lowercase letters and dots, where a dot represents an unknown character.

codeforcescompetitive-programmingbrute-forceimplementationstrings
Lesson 7: Shopping and Money

Learn to ask prices, talk about money, and use the 多少钱 question structure in shops and markets.

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点击率 (diǎnjī lǜ) — Click-through rate, click rate

HSK 5 | noun | the percentage of users who click on a link or ad; click-through rate

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Lesson 12: Environmental Issues

Discuss environmental topics using 由于 + cause constructions and 对...有影响 at B1 level.

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的 (de) — structural particle

HSK 1 | particle | marks possession, noun modification, and nominalization

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Sindarin Nature Vocabulary

Sindarin words for nature: sky, celestial bodies, weather, water, land, mountains, trees, plants, and animals.

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民主 (mínzhǔ) — Democracy, democratic

HSK 5 | noun/adjective | democracy; democratic governance

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实现 (shíxiàn) — to realize; to achieve

HSK 3 | verb | to make something real; to accomplish a goal

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经常 (jīngcháng) — often

HSK 3 | adverb | often, frequently, regularly — describes a habitual or recurring action

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Lesson 35: Further Suffixes

Additional Sindarin derivational suffixes: -ron/-ren (agent/keeper), -dir (man/person), -el (maiden), -on (augmentative), -orn (tree) — with name analysis applications.

sindaringrammarsuffixesword-formationadvanced
消极 (xiāojí) — negative; passive; pessimistic

HSK 4 | adjective | having a negative, passive, or pessimistic attitude

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经历 (jīnglì) — experience; to experience

HSK 4 | noun / verb | going through events that shape understanding

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怎么 (zěnme) — how, why

HSK 1 | adverb/pronoun | interrogative asking about manner or reason

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Lesson 25: Negation

All Sindarin negation forms: ú- prefix, avo imperative negation, baw prohibition, and law/lav forms — with attested examples and contextual usage.

sindaringrammarnegationintermediate
容易 (róngyì) — easy

HSK 1 | adjective | easy, simple. Antonym: 难 (nán)

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总的来说 (zǒng de lái shuō) — generally speaking

HSK 4 | phrase | generally speaking; on the whole; overall

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Lesson 13: Translation Skills (I) — Chinese to English

Principles and practice of Chinese-to-English translation at C1 level — equivalence, cultural transfer, and the challenges of formal register

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设施 (shèshī) — facility; installation; infrastructure

HSK 4 | noun | physical facilities or infrastructure for a purpose

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千 (qiān) — thousand

HSK 1 | number | one thousand; used in compound numbers and pricing

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开 (kāi) — to open / to turn on

HSK 1 | verb | to open, to turn on, to drive

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CF 466C - Number of Ways

We are given a sequence of integers arranged in a line, and we want to split it into three contiguous segments. The cut points must produce three non-empty parts, and each part must have exactly the same sum.

codeforcescompetitive-programmingbinary-searchbrute-forcedata-structuresdptwo-pointers
〜をものともせず (undaunted by / not deterred by)

N1 grammar pattern 〜をものともせず: expressing that someone is completely undaunted by a challenge, obstacle, or adverse circumstance and continues their action.

japanesen1grammarjlptをものともせず
激进的 (jījìn de) — radical

HSK 5 | adjective | advocating extreme or rapid change; radical

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诉讼 (sùsòng) — lawsuit; litigation

HSK 5 | noun | a legal proceeding; bringing a case to court

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Verb Conjugation

Complete Japanese verb conjugation reference: all three verb groups, all forms (polite/plain/te/ta/potential/passive/causative/conditional/volitional) with examples.

japanesegrammarverb-conjugationjlptlanguage-learning
盐 (yán) — salt

HSK 3 | noun | salt, the common cooking mineral

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Japanese Study Roadmap

Week-by-week Japanese study plan from absolute beginner to JLPT N1: phased milestones, resource recommendations, and time estimates.

japanesemethodologyroadmapstudy-planjlptlanguage-learning
HSK 9 Vocabulary (~1,880 New Words)

HSK 9 vocabulary reference: the highest level of the HSK standard, covering literary, classical, and culturally rich Chinese vocabulary.

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有趣 (yǒuqù) — interesting / fun

HSK 3 | adjective | interesting, fun, amusing

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五 (wǔ) — five

HSK 1 | number | the digit five

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右 — Kanji Reference

右 (right): 5 strokes, JLPT N5. On: ウ、ユウ. Kun: みぎ.

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Lesson 15: Nasal Mutation

Sindarin nasal mutation: the complete and corrected change table, scholarly debate on voiceless stops, all triggers (plural article in, preposition an, verb-prefix en-), and worked examples.

sindaringrammarmutationsnasal-mutationintermediate
〜てならない (unbearable feeling — literary spontaneous emotion)

N1 grammar pattern 〜てならない: expressing deep, spontaneous, involuntary feelings that cannot be otherwise. Literary register; contrasts with 〜てたまらない and 〜てしかたがない.

japanesen1grammarjlptてならないliterary Japaneseemotion
举办 (jǔbàn) — to hold; to host (an event)

HSK 4 | verb | to organize and host a formal event, activity, or exhibition

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光纤 (guāngxiān) — fiber optics

HSK 8 | noun | fiber optics; thin glass or plastic fibers transmitting data as light pulses

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措施 (cuòshī) — measure; step; action

HSK 4 | noun | a specific action taken to achieve a goal or solve a problem

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示范 (shìfàn) — to demonstrate; to set an example

HSK 5 | verb/noun | to show how something is done; a model example for others to follow

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利息 (lìxi) — interest (on money)

HSK 5 | noun | money paid for the use of borrowed capital, or earned on savings

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心理咨询 (xīnlǐ zīxún) — psychological counseling

HSK 5 | noun | psychological counseling; mental health consultation

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与其…不如 (yǔqí… bùrú) — Rather than… it's better to

HSK 4 | grammar pattern | expressing preference by rejecting one option in favor of another

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非常 (fēicháng) — extremely; very

HSK 1 | adverb | strong intensifier meaning extremely or exceptionally

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JLPT N2 Lesson 10: N2 Capstone — Mock Exam and Review

Comprehensive N2 capstone with full mock reading passage, 5 comprehension questions, 20 grammar substitution questions, 10 error-correction questions, exam strategy, and Bridge to N1 preview.

japanesen2lessonjlpt
精确 (jīngquè) — precise, accurate

HSK 4 | adjective | precise, accurate, exact

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毛巾 (máojīn) — towel

HSK 3 | noun | towel, face cloth

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进步 (jìnbù) — to improve / progress

HSK 4 | verb / noun | to make progress; to improve; progress

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虫 — JLPT N5 Kanji

虫 (チュウ/むし): insect; bug; worm. JLPT N5 essential kanji.

japanesekanjin5jlpt
Numbers & Mathematics

Esperanto numbers, counting, arithmetic, ordinals, fractions, and mathematical vocabulary.

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铸造 (zhùzào) — to cast; to forge; casting

HSK 5 | verb/noun | to shape metal or other materials by melting and moulding, or metaphorically to forge character

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相反 (xiāngfǎn) — opposite; contrary; on the contrary

HSK 3 | adjective/adverb | describes opposition or reversal between two things or ideas

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颁布 (bānbù) — to promulgate, to issue

HSK 6 | verb | to officially issue or promulgate laws, regulations, or decrees

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辨别 (biànbié) — to distinguish, to differentiate

HSK 6 | verb | to tell apart, to discern differences between things

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比喻 (bǐyù) — metaphor; to use a metaphor

HSK 5 | n/v | a rhetorical comparison; to describe something by likening it to something else

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带动 (dàidòng) — to drive; to spur; to lead along

HSK 5 | verb | to cause something to move or develop by pulling or leading it forward

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不过 (búguò) — however

HSK 3 | conjunction | however, but — a softer contrast than 但是, often used in conversation

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赶 (gǎn) — to rush; to catch (transport)

HSK 3 | verb | to hurry toward something or catch a vehicle in time

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咸 (xián) — salty

HSK 4 | adjective | having the taste of salt

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本 — Kanji Reference

本 (book, origin): 5 strokes, JLPT N5. On: ホン. Kun: もと.

japanesekanjin5writing
一定 (yīdìng) — certainly / a certain

HSK 3 | adverb / adjective | certainty or a fixed amount

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〜も — Also; Too; Even
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臭氧层 (chòuyǎng céng) — ozone layer

HSK 5 | noun | ozone layer, the stratospheric layer that absorbs ultraviolet radiation

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N4 Kanji: 銀 (Silver)

JLPT N4 kanji 銀 — readings, vocabulary, stroke order, mnemonic, and common confusion pairs.

japanesen4jlptkanjilanguage-learning
〜に — Direction, Time, and Indirect Object
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Lesson 16: Media and Technology

Learn vocabulary for digital technology and media, and use 用 + tool + V and 关于 + topic constructions to discuss technology in natural Mandarin.

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CF 459C - Pashmak and Buses

We need to assign each student to one of k buses on each of d days. For every student, we can think of their assignment as a sequence of length d. For example, if d = 3, a student might ride buses (2, 1, 2) over the three days.

codeforcescompetitive-programmingcombinatoricsconstructive-algorithmsmath
地方 (dìfāng) — place; area; part

HSK 2 | noun | a location, place, or region; also a specific part or aspect of something

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なかなか (なかなか) — Japanese Vocabulary

なかなか (なかなか / nakanaka): fairly, quite; not easily. N4 level Japanese vocabulary.

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教材 (jiàocái) — teaching material, textbook

HSK 5 | noun | materials used for teaching, including textbooks and instructional resources

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